• Title/Summary/Keyword: 구성 수준

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Subitizing in Children and Adults, Depending on the Object Individuation Level of Stimulus: Focusing on Performance According to Spacing, Color, and Shape of Objects (자극의 대상개별화 수준에 따른 유아와 성인의 즉지하기: 대상의 간격, 색, 모양 구성에 따른 수행을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Bokyung;Pack, Yun Hyun;Yi, Soon Hyung
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.491-505
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the development and core mechanism of subitizing in children and adults as well as provides related theoretical and practical discussions. This study was conducted to determine if subitizing changed with the age of participants and if there were differences in subitizing according to the spacing, color, and shape of the stimuli. The subitizing task set (including forty main trials) was prepared. Forty-five children (fifteen each in groups of 3, 4, and 5-year-olds) and fifteen adults were recruited to perform the subitizing tasks. The results demonstrated that the subitizing speed and accuracy of children improved abruptly between age 3 and age 4. Furthermore, there were significant differences in children's subitizing speed according to the spacing and color of the objects. The children's response time decreased when the objects were fully apart or were of diverse colors. In addition, there were partial significant differences in the subitizing speed of children related to the shape of the objects. The subitizing speed of children decreased in a condition (subitizing 5 objects of diverse colors in fixed spacing) when the shapes of the objects were diverse. The subitizing speed of adults only differed according to the space of the objects. The results demonstrate the development of subitizing in early childhood along with the presence of object individuation processing stages underlying subitizing. This study also provides practical information and suggestions for educational curricula that can strengthen the competency of children in systematic and diverse activities.

Sun Sensor Aided Multiposition Alignment of Lunar Exploration Rover (달 탐사 로버의 태양 센서 보조 다중위치 정렬)

  • Cha, Jaehyuck;Heo, Sejong;Park, Chan-Gook
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.45 no.10
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    • pp.836-843
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    • 2017
  • In lunar exploration, the necessity of utilizing rover is verified by the examples of the Soviet Union and China and the similar Mars missions of the United States. In order to achieve the successful management of a lunar rover, a high precision navigation technique is required, and accordingly, high precision initial alignment is essential. Even though it is general to perform initial alignment in a steady state, a multiposition alignment technique is applied when high performance is needed. On the lunar surface, however, the performance of initial alignment decreases from that on Earth, and it cannot be improved by applying multiposition alignment method owing to certain constraints of lunar environment. In this paper, a sun sensor aided multiposition alignment technique is proposed. The measurement model for a sun vector is established, and its observability analysis is performed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified through computer simulations, and the results show the estimation performance is improved dramatically.

A Development and Application of the Teaching and Learning Model of Artificial Intelligence Education for Elementary Students (초등학생의 인공지능 교육을 위한 교수 학습 모델 개발 및 적용)

  • Kim, Kapsu;Park, Youngki
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.139-149
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    • 2017
  • Artificial intelligence education is very important in the 21st century knowledge information society. Even if it is very important to understand artificial intelligence and practice computer programming in computer education in the fourth industrial revolution, but there is no teaching and learning model to understand artificial intelligence and computer programming education. In this paper, the proposed model consists of problem understanding step, data organizing step, artificial intelligence model setting step, programming step, and report writing step. At the program step, students can choose to copy, transform, create, and challenge steps to their level. In this study, the validity of the model was proved by the Delphi evaluation of elementary school teachers. The results of this study provide a good opportunity for elementary school students to practice artificial intelligence programs.

The Impact of Technological Competitiveness in the ICT Convergence Technology on Corporate Diversification (ICT 융합기술에서의 기술경쟁력이 기업 다각화에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hyunmin;Kim, Sun Jae;Kim, Hong Young
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.385-419
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    • 2018
  • This study suggests an integrated model composed of factors of industrial environments and technology capacity for corporate diversification decision based on industrial organization theory and resource based perspectives. We examine the proposed model using patents and financial data of 272 applicants for 6 years (2010~2015) in the smart factory ICT convergence technology (application and platform field) sectors. The result of analyzing the fixed effect panel model shows that technological competitiveness has a positive effect on corporate diversification. Also, the additional result of analyzing the two-stage least square fixed effect model indicates that the convergence patent ratio increases technological competitiveness. Based on the results, we provide implications for corporate diversification strategies and government R & D policies for commercialization of corporate convergence technology resources and competencies.

Development and Application of a Program Using Sphinx Puzzle for the Mathematically Gifted Elementary Students (초등수학영재를 위한 스핑크스 퍼즐 프로그램 개발과 적용사례)

  • Hwang, Ji Nam
    • Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.37-57
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    • 2017
  • In terms of making more various geometrical figures than existing Tangram, Sphinx Puzzle has been used as a material for the gifted education. The main research subject of this paper is to verify how many convex polygons can be made by all pieces of a Sphinx Puzzle. There are several previous researches which dealt with this research subject, but they did not account for the clear reasons on the elementary level. In this thesis, I suggest using unit area and minimum area which can be proved on the elementary levels to account for this research subject. Also, I composed the program for the mathematically gifted elementary students, regarding the subject. I figured out whether they can make the mathematical justifications. I applied this program for three 6th grade students who are in the gifted class of the G district office of education. As a consequence, I found that it is possible for some mathematically gifted elementary students to justify that the number of convex polygons that can be made by a Sphinx Puzzle is at best 27 on elementary level.

Implications of Multi-swarm Events Safety Management of Foreign Police (외국경찰의 대규모 행사 안전관리로 본 시사점)

  • Kim, Sang-Woon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.8
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    • pp.462-469
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    • 2016
  • This study researched police intervention to ensure the safety of Multi-swarm events. And this study researched best practices of foreign countries. This study propose a solution. It used the situation to police intervention and domestic Multi-swarm events leading research and safety management systems. Safety management for multi-swarm events did ministry of public safety and security, local government, police department, fire department etc. Activities of Safety management for multi-swarm events was checked the risk level, safety management, safety planning and training, safety management in accordance with the Manual. But, safety management of police had Manual maintenance is necessary for the police forces and take advantage of, it is necessary to clarify the mission, it is necessary to configure the risk of a step-by-step checklist for police safety tips in detail. This study for solve the problem proposed the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia, the case of the Japanese.

Standard of Creativity in the Copyrightable Photographic Works (사진저작물의 창작성 판단 기준)

  • Choi, Eun-Heui
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.15 no.7
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    • pp.93-105
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    • 2015
  • Upon ruling that two photographs of "Solsum(located in Samchuk city)" are not substantially similar, issues on the level of protection for the copyrighted photographs expecially on landscape, which appearance could be similar whoever takes, were raised. Accordingly, this study summarizes and suggests the standards of expression differentiating from idea on photographic works. The results are as such. Elements of expression on photographs are positioning of subject, framing, selection of camera angle, control of light's direction and quantity, length of exposure, speed of shutter, timing or posing of the shutter. kinds of emulsion, methods of development, and any other methods of creative and characteristic photography. On the other hand, elements of ideas of photographic works are theme, concept, feeling, appearance of objects, time or season of taking a picture, vantage point, choice of horizontal or vertical angle, etc. As a result, this study reconfirms that copyright law entitles photographers to copyright as to their minimal degree of creativity, not as to their sweat of brows.

Export Intensity and Knowledge Search Activities of Korean SME Manufacturers (중소제조기업의 수출 비중과 지식탐색 활동 간의 관계)

  • Kim, Sun Young;Park, Sangmoon;Jung, Ye Lim;Choi, Yun Jeong
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2015
  • This study examines the relationships between export intensity and knowledge search activities of Korea SME manufacturers. Using 2,145 firm data from the 2011 SME Technology Statistics Survey, we focused on the nonlinear relationships of export intensity and internal and external knowledge search activities. The results show that there are U-shaped relationships between export intensity and both of internal and external knowledge search activities. Local market-oriented or global market-oriented SMEs than the middle-level of exporters have more search activities both internally and externally. This study extends our understandings on the relationships between export intensity and knowledge search activities. There are some policy implications to develop supporting programs differing in knowledge search activities according to the acceleration of export or globalization of Korean SME manufacturers.

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Perception of Science Educators about Invention Education in Science Education (과학교육에서 발명교육에 관한 과학교육자의 인식 조사)

  • Lee, Bongwoo;Shim, Kew-Cheol;Kim, Hui-Baek
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of science educators (science research experts and science teachers) about invention education in science education. The instrument in surveying their perception consisted of the necessity of invention education in science education, the connection between invention and science education, and the demand for in-service invention education for science teachers. Subjects were 119 science educators (67 science teachers and 52 science research experts). They perceived positively about including invention educational content in school science education. They perceived that invention education was highly related to science education. Even though science educators have almost average level of understanding invention education, they demand in-service invention education for science teachers. Most of them referred informal courses to formal ones for school science education. Considering real life, engineering design, creative thinking in science education, invention method, and educational strategies can be effective for science education.

Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) education performed by health teachers on middle school students (보건교사가 수행한 중학생 심폐소생술 교육 효과)

  • Jun, Ho-Sun;Sohn, Hae-Sook
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.385-395
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    • 2015
  • CPR education to school students is one of the key points to higher bystander CPR rate. The object of this study is to evaluate the results after CPR education to middel school students by health teachers compared to that of pre-education status. During 3 monthes from Mar. to Jun. 2014, the observation data before and after CPR education were analysed through Chi-square test and McNemar's test using SPSS, SAS programs from 812 middle school students in Busan prov. After stratifying those surveyed by genders and previous CPR education experiences, each stratified groups showed positive changes of statistical significnace in all aspects of the knowledge, will, and self-confidence about CPR. (p<0.05). It is the more desirable method to increase bystander CPR that the CPR education including knowledge and practice was done to middle school students by health teachers. To come true these CPR education, more studies are necessary about policy development to support education tranining tools in a community.