• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.169-190
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• 2009

Today, the rapid advance of scientific technologies has brought about fundamental changes to the types and levels of terrorism while the war against the world more than one thousand small and big terrorists and crime organizations has already begun. A method highly likely to be employed by terrorist groups that are using 21st Century state of the art technology is cyber terrorism. In many instances, things that you could only imagine in reality could be made possible in the cyber space. An easy example would be to randomly alter a letter in the blood type of a terrorism subject in the health care data system, which could inflict harm to subjects and impact the overturning of the opponent's system or regime. The CIH Virus Crisis which occurred on April 26, 1999 had significant implications in various aspects. A virus program made of just a few lines by Taiwanese college students without any specific objective ended up spreading widely throughout the Internet, causing damage to 30,000 PCs in Korea and over 2 billion won in monetary damages in repairs and data recovery. Despite of such risks of cyber terrorism, a great number of Korean sites are employing loose security measures. In fact, there are many cases where a company with millions of subscribers has very slackened security systems. A nationwide preparation for cyber terrorism is called for. In this context, this research will analyze the current status of Korea's cyber security systems and its laws from a policy perspective, and move on to propose improvement strategies. This research suggests the following solutions. First, the National Cyber Security Management Act should be passed to have its effectiveness as the national cyber security management regulation. With the Act's establishment, a more efficient and proactive response to cyber security management will be made possible within a nationwide cyber security framework, and define its relationship with other related laws. The newly passed National Cyber Security Management Act will eliminate inefficiencies that are caused by functional redundancies dispersed across individual sectors in current legislation. Second, to ensure efficient nationwide cyber security management, national cyber security standards and models should be proposed; while at the same time a national cyber security management organizational structure should be established to implement national cyber security policies at each government-agencies and social-components. The National Cyber Security Center must serve as the comprehensive collection, analysis and processing point for national cyber crisis related information, oversee each government agency, and build collaborative relations with the private sector. Also, national and comprehensive response system in which both the private and public sectors participate should be set up, for advance detection and prevention of cyber crisis risks and for a consolidated and timely response using national resources in times of crisis.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.65-93
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• 2011

As relationship between buyer and seller has been brought closer and long-term relationship has been more important in B2B markets, the importance of service and service convenience increases as well as product. In homogeneous markets, where service offerings are similar and therefore not key competitive differentiator, providing greater convenience may enable a competitive advantage. Service convenience, as conceptualized by Berry et al. (2002), is defined as the consumers' time and effort perceptions related to buying or using a service. For this reason, B2B customers are interested in how fast the service is provided and how much save non-monetary cost like time or effort by the service convenience along with service quality. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the impact of service convenience on relationship factors such as relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, and relationship performance. The purpose of this study is to find out whether service convenience can be a new antecedent of relationship quality and relationship performance. In addition, this study tries to examine how five-dimensional service convenience constructs (decision convenience, access convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience, post-benefit convenience) affect customers' relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, and relationship performance. The service convenience comprises five fundamental components - decision convenience (the perceived time and effort costs associated with service purchase or use decisions), access convenience(the perceived time and effort costs associated with initiating service delivery), transaction convenience(the perceived time and effort costs associated with finalizing the transaction), benefit convenience(the perceived time and effort costs associated with experiencing the core benefits of the offering) and post-benefit convenience (the perceived time and effort costs associated with reestablishing subsequent contact with the firm). Earlier studies of perceived service convenience in the industrial market are none. The conventional studies that have dealt with service convenience have usually been made in the consumer market, or they have dealt with convenience aspects in the service process. This service convenience measure for consumer market can be useful tool to estimate service quality in B2B market. The conceptualization developed by Berry et al. (2002) reflects a multistage, experiential consumption process in which evaluations of convenience vary at each stage. For this reason, the service convenience measure is good for B2B service environment which has complex processes and various types. Especially when categorizing B2B service as sequential stage of service delivery like Kumar and Kumar (2004), the Berry's service convenience measure which reflect sequential flow of service deliveries suitable to establish B2B service convenience. For this study, data were gathered from respondents who often buy business service and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The sample size in the present study is 119. Composite reliability values and average variance extracted values were examined for each variable to have reliability. We determine whether the measurement model supports the convergent validity by CFA, and discriminant validity was assessed by examining the correlation matrix of the constructs. For each pair of constructs, the square root of the average variance extracted exceeded their correlations, thus supporting the discriminant validity of the constructs. Hypotheses were tested using the Smart PLS 2.0 and we calculated the PLS path values and followed with a bootstrap re-sampling method to test the hypotheses. Among the five dimensional service convenience constructs, four constructs (decision convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience, post-benefit convenience) affected customers' positive relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, and relationship performance. This result means that service convenience is important cue to improve relationship between buyer and seller. One of the five service convenience dimensions, access convenience, does not affect relationship quality and performance, which implies that the dimension of service convenience is not important factor of cumulative satisfaction. The Cumulative satisfaction can be distinguished from transaction-specific customer satisfaction, which is an immediate post-purchase evaluative judgment or an affective reaction to the most recent transactional experience with the firm. Because access convenience minimizes the physical effort associated with initiating an exchange, the effect on relationship satisfaction similar to cumulative satisfaction may be relatively low in terms of importance than transaction-specific customer satisfaction. Also, B2B firms focus on service quality, price, benefit, follow-up service and so on than convenience of time or place in service because it is relatively difficult to change existing transaction partners in B2B market compared to consumer market. In addition, this study using partial least squares methods reveals that customers' satisfaction and commitment toward relationship has mediating role between the service convenience and relationship performance. The result shows that management and investment to improve service convenience make customers' positive relationship satisfaction, and then the positive relationship satisfaction can enhance the relationship commitment and relationship performance. And to conclude, service convenience management is an important part of successful relationship performance management, and the service convenience is an important antecedent of relationship between buyer and seller such as the relationship commitment and relationship performance. Therefore, it has more important to improve relationship performance that service providers enhance service convenience although competitive service development or service quality improvement is important. Given the pressure to provide increased convenience, it is not surprising that organizations have made significant investments in enhancing the convenience aspect of their product and service offering.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.122-132
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• 2012

Establishing a success model of a specific information system is critical to understanding the mechanism of IS success, the various dimensions of IS performance, and the factors and their causal relations in IS success. As one of the key IT applications, the project management information system (PMIS), particularly the web-based PMIS (Web-PMIS), has played a significant role in construction management processes in Korea. However, there have been few research attempts made to construct a Web-PMIS success model. This study primarily aims to propose a Web-PMIS success model based on DeLone and McLean's IS success model, and to discuss whether or not the D&M IS success model can be applied to the construction Web-PMIS. A questionnaire was sent out to Web-PMIS users (construction managers and constructors), and 253 completed questionnaires were received. Through multi-regression analysis, it was confirmed that it is statistically acceptable to apply the D&M IS success model to the Web-PMIS. However, the explanatory power of the model is not sufficient, and some of the model factors are not statistically significant enough. Relying on the statistical analysis results, this study also discusses the development direction for the Web-PMIS success model.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to understand home hospice care status and problem in Korea, and ultimately to develop the home hospice standard. This study was conducted as a part of a study on the institutionalization of the home hospice in Korea. A focus group interview with representatives of seven home hospice agency where have provided home hospice service for years was conducted. All of the participants agreed to the essential components for home hospice service including 24 hour on call service, multidisciplinary team visiting, and periodical team meeting. Visiting frequency was 1-3 times per week mostly by nurses. And they agreed requisitely to fulfill an office for home visiting nurses, storage space, and home visiting bags. The obstacles of providing home hospice were 1) no reimbursement system, 2) difficulties to change medication at home, 3) lack of inpatient beds for symptom control. Standardization of home hospice is critical to improve service quality and to develop reimbursement system. The findings of this study could be used as a basic data to develop home hospice standards and guidelines.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the direction of improvement of safety experience education through the analysis of the evacuation time experiment. For the study, test subjects were divided into groups of similar body size and weight. The test subjects were directly experienced four evacuation devices, and the experience time was measured. As a result of the analysis of the total time from the installation of the evacuation device to the escape, the time was measured in the order of Descending Life Line-Tilt-Down Rescue Line-Vertical Escape Chute-air safety mat. In the case of evaluating the evacuation time using evacuation mechanisms, the evacuation time was measured in the order of air safety mat-Tilt-Tilt-Down Rescue Line-Descending Life Line-Vertical Escape Chute. In the first and second experiments of the Descending Life Line, time differences were observed. The escape time using the Descending Life Line was reduced in the second experiment than in the first experiment. As shown in this result, education through experience has shown that behavioral confidence and time can be managed. The conclusion of this study is that the goal of safety education is to minimize human life and property damage. Therefore, in order to bring this effect to more people, it is necessary to make efforts to keep self-safe through experiential education.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2003

Spider mites and their predacious mites were surveyed in an apple orchard where pesticides have not been applied for a long time, to understand the undisrupted predacious mite complex and their role in the controling spider mites. Spider mites occurring in the orchard were different to those in conventional orchards. A few Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi were observed, while T. kanzawai was abundant during growing season. Four species of phytoseiids, Amblyseius eharai, A. kokufuensis, A. womersleyi and Typhlodromus vulgaris, and one stigmaeid species of Agistemus terminalis were observed from leaf samples in the orchard. Among them, T. vulgaris occurred from early cool season with low T. kanzawai densities through to mid-and late-season. A. womersleyi was observed only during mid-season when T. kanzawai densities were high with hot weather. Amblyseius eharai and A. kokufuensis occured only in early season, but A. terminalis density increased from mid-season and lasted to late-season. The predacious mite complex regulated the density of T. kanzawai approximately under 8 mites per leaf. Tentatively concluding, T. vulgaris is an adaptable predator at lower prey density under cool weather condition, and A. womersleyi is effective predator at higher prey density under hot weather condition. Further, the biological control strategies of spider mites in Korean orchards were discussed based on the predacious mite complex.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.501-521
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• 2015

This study aims to examine the effects of the main eight items amended in the 2013 child care center accreditation system and to provide suggestions. The participants in the study were 200 child care center teachers and staff; 150 professionals consisting of public officials in charge of child care, members for the accreditation committee, and inspectors at the site; and 144 parents. They participated in an on-line questionnaire survey conducted during the end of February, 2014. The survey questions regarding the eight changed items were the same to all the three participating groups, and three more questions were asked to child care center teachers and staff. The collected data were analyzed with frequencies and percentages to present general recognition level. For a group comparison, analysis of variance was first performed among 3 professional groups, all of which has the same size. When there was not a statistically significant difference among the three groups, the second analysis of variance was done among three groups of professionals including the three groups, teachers and staff, and parents. The results showed that there were differences in recognition among the groups regarding each changed item in the 2013 child care center accreditation system, but overall, the groups evaluated the main amendments positively and the changes were considered appropriate and necessary. However, it was found that in-depth reviews are needed of procedure unification to check the basics to require legal compliance; management of unaccredited centers such as valid period reduction and no accreditation, or limit for re-accreditation application; and the burdens of child care centers about surprise visits and notice of inspection dates in advance.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.136-144
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate students' food consumption including potentially hazardous food (PHF) and food preference in elementary school lunch menus. High protein foods and raw or cooked vegetable dishes in the menus for three weeks were grouped as PHF-1 and PHF-2, respectively. Three hundred eight-four children from three different elementary schools, aged 10 to 12 years, completed the questionnaire that asked them to report on how much they eat, what foods they like the most and the least, and why they did not like it. Chisquare test was used to analyze the differences among schools, Evades and genders far food consumption using the SPSS. Results showed that students were exposed to at least two kinds of PHF in school lunches per day. 89% and 82% of students ate 100% amount of PHF-1 and PHF-2, respectively. There were significant differences in the amount of food consumption by school and day served. Students preferred high protein foods, such as meat ball, pork and chicken barbecues, which were consumed the most. These data indicate that appropriate control measures or procedure is needed to manage hazards associated with PHF in the menu items to decrease the risk of foodborne illness in school lunch.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3196-3203
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• 2010

The regional strategic industry support has been increasingly developed due to the change of environmental and political conditions for the last 10 years. As the paradigm changed from the central government-sponsored system to regional government-sponsored system, the policy has been diversified into various support systems such as regional strategic industry, specialized industry, supporting technology, supporting business, etc. It is crucial to establish the overall development plans and project strategies for the regional industry in terms of effectiveness and efficiency which will generate an integrated strategic frame to adjust overlapped supporting policies and offer a consumer-oriented service. Not only does the study focus on performance-based outcome regarding to a regional business (supporting policy) portfolio, but it also analyzes and proves an empirical decision-making model to draw out the priority and relative importance according to the regional strategic industry and support cases by analyzing the case of Chungnam area's strategic industry support in 2009. Following a priority list of 20 support cases selected from this research model by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the result shows that the diverse support plans are needed according to the different strategic industries or the size of enterprise due to the fact that priority of project type varies upon the characteristics of strategic industry. Thus, the support project needs to generate various strategic industries and develop differentiated support policy to consolidate competitiveness of regional enterprises and revitalize the regional economy.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

Increase in the wireless mobile network users brings the issue of mobility management into the Virtual Private Network (VPN) services. We propose a provider edge (PE)-based provider provisioned mobile VPN mechanism, which enables efficient communication between a mobile VPN user and one or more correspondents located in different VPN sites. The proposed mechanism not only reduces the IPSec tunnel overhead at the mobile user node to the minimum, but also enables the traffic to be delivered through optimized paths among the (mobile) VPN users without incurring significant extra IPSec tunnel overhead regardless of the user's locations. The proposed architecture and protocols are based on the BGP/MPLS VPN technology that is defined in RFC24547. A service provider platform entity named PPVPN Network Server (PNS) is defined in order to extend the BGP/MPLS VPN service to the mobile users. Compared to the user- and CE-based mobile VPN mechanisms, the proposed mechanism requires less overhead with respect to the IPSec tunnel management. The simulation results also show that it outperforms the existing mobile VPN mechanisms with respect to the handoff latency and/or the end-to-end packet delay.