• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.393-405
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of changes of head posture and cervical spine shape on the mandibular resting or clenching electromyographic(EMG) activity in anterior temporalis(TA), masseter(MM), sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) and trapezius insertion(TI). 30 patients with Temporomandibular Disorders(TMDs) participated in this study. EMG activity($\mu$V) at rest and clenching was observed in four head postures, namely natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), upward head posture(UHP), and downward head posture(DHP). For taking in upward or downward head posture head was inclined 10$^{\circ}$ upward or downward and CROM$^\textregistered$(cervical-range-of motion, Performance attainment Inc., USA) was used to maintain same posture during the procedure, and BioEMG$^\textregistered$ (Bioelectromyograph, Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used to record EMG activity in the above four muscles at eight locations on both sides. The recorded EMG activity($\mu\textrm{V}$) were compared and analyzed by cervical spine shape such as the head position from plum line, cervical curvature, and cervical inclination. Head position from plum line was measured in vertical plate calibrated with cm scale, comical curvature by radius was measured with adjustable curved ruler, and cervical inclination by cervical vertebrae tangent(CVT)was measured in lateral cephalograph. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Mean value of head position from plum line, cervical curvature, and cervical inclination were 4.8cm, 26.7cm, and 86.6$^{\circ}$, respectively, And There were no correlationship among these items. 2. For resting EMG activity by head posture, the value in anterior temporalis was higher at FHP than at DHP, the value in masseter was higher at FHP than at NHP, and DHP, the value in sternocleidomastoid muscle was higher at UHP than at NHP, and the value in trapezius insertion was higher at FHP and DHP than, NHP and UHP. The clenching EMG activity, however, did not show any difference by head posture. 3. Comparison of resting and clenching EMG activity between higher and lower groups by head position from plum line, cervical curvature, and cervical inclination did not show any significant difference. From this result, the author concluded that the cervical spine shape had not significantly affected to EMG activity in usual patients with TMDs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

We have investigated the effects of the culture broth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultured in herb extract on growth, hematological parameter, nonspecific immune responses and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivacells) and parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) for 12 weeks. Weight gain of olive flounder fed diet with mixture was not significant among the control group. But In parrot fish, was significantly higher 20g than control group. The feed efficiency of olive flounder were 25% higher in the experimental groups than in the control. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency among each group on parrot fish. Treatment of olive flounder contents of GOT and GPT in serum decreased after 8 weeks. But there were no significant differences in GLU and TP among each group. Also, there was no significant of NBT reduction. The activities of lysozyme were higher in experimental group of olive flounder than in the control after 8 weeks. On the other hand, activities of lysozyme were triple higher in the experimental group of parrot fish than in the control after 12 weeks. In the oliver flounder case, the survival rate (%) after an artificial challenge with $10^7$ CFU/ml of Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus iniae per fish, was 18% higher in the experimental groups than the control. The higher survival rate of parrot fish were 17% and 16% in the experimental groups than the control respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2002

Purpose: Irradiation in the oral cancer patients causes early and late complications such as intraoral mucositis and fibrosis, with a various expression of GM-CSF and TGF-${\beta}1$. The purpose of this study was to investigate the production of GM-CSF and TGF-${\beta}1$ by the irradiated human gingival fibroblasts cultivated with lipopolysaccharide. Materials and Methods: Irradiated (total dose, 60 Gy) human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with LPS. Culture supernatants that were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hours were assessed for GM-CSF and TGF-${\beta}1$ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: 1. GM-CSF production in nomal gingival fibroblasts was increased with incubation time, but decreased with incubation time in irradiated gingival fibroblasts. GM-CSF production in both normal and irradiated gingival fibroblasts induced with LPS was higher than the control. 2. TGF-${\beta}1$ production in normal gingival fibroblasts was decreased after 24 hours, but, it was increased until 48 hours in irradiated gingival fibroblasts. TGF-${\beta}1$ production in normal gingival fibroblasts exposed with LPS was higher than the control. Conversely, It was lower than the control in irradiated gingival fibroblasts exposed with LPS. Conclusion: This indicates that irradiation in gingival fibroblasts may play an important role in radiation-induced intraoral mucositis and fibrosis. However, LPS decreases the production of TGF-${\beta}1$ in the irradiated gingival fibroblasts.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2006

Obstructive sialadenitis is one of common disease in salivary gland, and most common histologic features are loss of acinar cell and ductal dilatation associated with fibrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Although many experimental studies has been accomplished for the salivary acinar cell change in obstructive salivary gland disease, studies for myoepithelial cell were deficient. This study is designed for salivary gland tissue change, especially myoepithelial cell when nonspecific chronic sialadenitis or salivary duct injury by duct obstruction or cut can be occurred that is common encounted clinically. After ligation and cutting of submandibular gland of rabbit, groups of aminmal were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 weeks postoperatively, submandibular gland were removed. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining with ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, characteristics of myoepithelial cell were examined. With transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell were examined for distribution and ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the histopathologic evaluation, ligation and cutting group of 1 week, linkage of myoepithelial cell associated with acinar atrophy and degeneration were disappeared in both group. 2. More prominent squamous metaplasia was seen in acinar cells of ligation group of 2 weeks experimental rabbit than cutting group. 3. Acinar cells are nearly disappeared in both ligation and cutting group of 4 weeks, and myoepithelial cell also disappeared associated with acinar cell atrophy, and duct-like structure composed by squamous cells by squamous metaplasia in acinar cells were distributed. 4. In immunohistochemical study, both ligation and cutting group ${\alpha}$-SMA distribution were diminished at 1 week experimental rabbits, but myoepithelial cell was more diminished in ligation group than cutting group, which were distributed around cells of squamous metaplasia. 5. Nuclear condensation, chromosome margination, and cytoplasmic vaculoation were appeared in myoepithelial cell of both cutting and ligation group after 1 week with transmission electron microscopy. But degenerative substance were seen in cytoplasm of myoepithelial cell of ligation group of 4 weeks. From the results obtained in this study, atrophy and degeneration of myoepithelial cell was more prominent in duct ligation group than duct cutting group, and myoepithelial cells were seen around cells squamous metaplasia of acinar cell.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2009

Recently, an increasing number of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw(BRONJ) is being reported. A guideline has been already established in the US, but it does not seem to be fully recognized by clinicians in Korea. Therefore, a survey study was done to inform and have clinicians realize the seriousness of BRONJ. 1,341 practitioners were randomly selected out of 13,405 practitioners(by Feb of 2008, KDA) in Korea. A questionnaire was given to them between May to July in 2008. Questions were designed to investigate each respondent's experience term years in the clinic, occupation, speciality, awareness on risk of bisphosphonate, experience on treating osteonecrosis patients, awareness about the guideline on BRONJ suggested by AAOMS and whether if they ask about bisphosphonate medication history to patients before invasive treatment. 45.1% of the clinicians have reported on experiencing delayed healing on bone exposed site after extraction both in the maxilla and the mandible. However, clinicians have asked the patients whether if they are on bisphosphonate or not in only 15.1% of these cases. 56.5% of the clinicians simply knew about BRONJ but only 28.9% of the clinicians were aware that bisphosphonate can cause osteonecrosis after invasive dental treatment. Only 19.3% knew about the contents of guideline on BRONJ and 57.2% were aware of the seriousness of BRONJ. Clinicians with shorter clinical experience term were more aware of BRONJ and the guideline on BRONJ than the experienced clinicians. But awareness of the possibility of BRONJ after invasive dental treatment were about the same regardless of their clinical experience. The results show that Korean clinicians need to be more aware about BRONJ. Data on BRONJ cases in Korea should be collected and provided with additional education to let Korean clinicians know and be more aware about BRONJ.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the present conditions of illumination techniques in dental laboratories in order to distinguish colors for esthetic dentistry. Materials and Methods: A total of forty-eight local dental laboratories were selected for sampling a) luminous intensity and b) color temperature. We measured the luminous intensity and the color temperature on a center point of porcelain table with lux meter and color meter respectively. The measurements were performed twice, once on a clear day and on a cloudy day between 12 pm and 2 pm (day light and artificial illumination) and between 7 pm and 10 pm (artificial illumination only). Results: The results obtained were as follows. 1. The average luminous intensity in dental laboratories lighting was 1871 lx, and 67% of dental laboratories had luminous intensity greater than 1600 lx, which was appropriate for operations related to colors, while 33% of dental laboratories had in sufficient lighting for appropriate luminous intensity. 2. The average color temperature in dental laboratories lighting was 6506 K, which was inappropriate for operations related to color. None of the dental laboratories had a color temperature range of 5000 - 5500 K, which is appropriate for operations related to colors. 3. Between daytime and nighttime, also between clear day and cloudy day, the average luminous intensity and color temperature in dental laboratories were not significantly different. Conclusion: Illumination in most dental laboratories selected in this study was inappropriate for operations related to color.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2000

Background : The moot important prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer is the TNM stage. Even after complete resection in early non-small cell lung cancer, the five-year survival rate is still low. However, new prognostic factors, including molecular biologic factors, have recently been found to guide the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We evaluated the prognostic value of the loss of blood-group antigen A in tumor tissue, which has been implicated as an important prognostic factor for overall survival and the timing of the disease progression. Methods : The loss of blood-group antigen A was assessed immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 26 patients with blood types A or AB, who had undergone curative surgery. Monoclonal antibody was used to detect the blood group antigen A expression. Results : Fifteen patients (58%) expressed antigen A in their tumor tissue, whereas 11 patients (42%) did not show antigen A. The median survival time of the blood A antigen positive group was 11 months, while the median survival time of the blood A antigen negative group was 18 months. The difference in survival between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion : The loss of blood-group antigen A in tumor tissue was not found to be a significant prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. This study needs to be extended for further evaluation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effect of mandibular midline shift and difference of mandibular height between both sides on the electromyo- graphic(EMG) activity of the masticatory muscles on clenching or gum chewing movement. For this study, 105 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD) were selected and panoramic radiograph were taken. Amount and side of the midline shift and height of the mandible from antegonial notch to the top of the condylar head were measured on panoramic view. $BioEMG^{(R)}$ (Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) was used for recording of EMG activity(${\mu}V$) of the anterior temporalis and the superficial masseter on clenching or gum chewing movement. EMG activity on clenching during 533msec period were measured for activity of the starting point and the one second-after activity as the early EMG and the maximum EMG, respectively. EMG activity on gum chewing movement were measured for activity of the first and the second chewing stroke. The data collected were analysed by SPSS windows program, and the results of this study were as follows : 1. Height of the mandible was 8.06cm on right side and 8.03cm on left side, and showed no difference by age, but significantly differed by sex with higher in male subjects. 2. Mean value of the midline shift was 0.1mm with range of 0~5mm on both sides. The amount and side of the midline shift did not related with height difference of the mandible and/or the EMG activity of the masticatory muscles on clenching. 3. Prevalence of higher right side and higher left side of the mandible were almost same, and the EMG activity of higher side was not higher than that of the other side. 4. In the subjects with height difference of more than 5mm between both sides of the mandible, the early EMG activity on clenching were differed for the anterior temporalis, but the maximum activity were differed for the superficial masseter. 5. In the subjects with height difference of more than 5mm between both sides of the mandible, EMG activity of the anterior temporalis of the gum chewing side was not higher than that of the other side when chewing on the side of lower height, but in the subjects with height difference of less than 5mm, the EMG activity was higher than that of the other side.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.214-217
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• 2013

A 3-year-old intact female hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was presented for evaluation of mandibular swelling. Fine needle aspiration of swollen mandibular was performed and smears were stained with Romanowsky type stain for cytological evaluation. Smears were highly cellular with predominance of variably shaped keratinized or non keratinized squamous cells with low numbers of spindloid to abnormally elongated cells. Cytologic impression was squamous cell carcinoma. The mass was surgically removed for histological examination. Microscopically tortuous and anastomosing delicate to broad pegs and nests of neoplastic squamous epithelial cells were supported by a moderate collagenous and spindloid fibroblast stroma. Tumor cells had moderate anisocytosis and mild anisokaryosis and range from moderately to well keratinized, with areas of intratumoral acantholysis accompanied by mixed stromal lymphoplasmacytic, neutrophilic inflammation. The mitotic index is 2-3 per high-power field. Tumor cells were expanding the subcutis subjacent to the layer of skeletal muscle and incorporating the osseous tissue fragments. The final diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. The patient survived three months after surgery without any further medical treatments.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

This study suggested correction of excessive mouth opening or maximum occlusal contact to analyse occlusal contact time, occlusal contact number and force through evaluation of occlusal pattern in policemen with temporomandibular disorders. The community of policemen influence on temporomandibular disorder's development and progress due to other condition of mouth opening and maximal occlusal contact. Repeated training or changes of usual life style may cause imbalance of stomatognathic system including the masticatory muscle, then develop or aggravate pain of temporomandibular joints and associated structures. This study uses T-scan II system(Tekscan Co., USA) for evaluation on occlusal pattern may influence temporomandibular disorders, and then the subjects take a sensor at 20 mm opening for maximal occlusal contact force. The policemen with temporomandibualr disorders get more long time on maximum contact timing, more short on end contact timing, and more force on end contact force than general society's. So they get closure of mouth with more short time and more force, then transfer remaining load to temporomandibular joint. There are no statistically significances between affected side and occlusal pattern of occlusal contact time and force. There are Left -right dental arch imbalances seems on Rt. dental arch if affected side is right and Lt. dental arch if affected side is left. In above results, It's worth due consideration that policemen with temporomandibular disorders get more smooth mandibualr movement and less force on maximal occlusal contact position.