• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 1997

Stomatognathic system is a complex one that is composed of TMJ, neuromuscular system, teeth and connective tissue, and all its components are doing their parts to maintain their physiological relationships. Mandible, in particular, performs various functions such as mastication, speech, and deglutition, the muscular activities that determine such functions are signalled by numerous types of proprioceptors that exist in periodontal membrane, TMJ, and muscles to be controlled by complicated pathways and mechanics of peripheral and central nervous system. Orthodontic treatment, especially when accompanied by orthognathic surgery, brings dramatic changes of stornatognat is system such as intraoral proprioceptors and muscle activities and thus, changes in patterns of mandibular function result The author tried to analyze changes in patterns of mandibular movement and physiologic activities of surrounding muscles in Skeletal Class III ortlrognathic surgery patients who presently show a great increase in numbers. The purpose of this study was to draw some objective guidelines in evaluating funclierual aspects of orthognathic surgery patients. Mandibular functional analysis using Biopak was performed for skeletal Class III prognathic patients who underwent IVRO(lntraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotmy), and the following results were obtained: 1. Resting EMG was greater in pre-surgical group than the control group, and it showed gradual decrease after the surgery. Clenching EMG of masseter and anterior temporalis of pre-surgical group was smaller than those of control group, they also increased post-surgically, and significant difference was found between pre-surgical and post-surgical(6 months) groups. 2. Resting EMG of anterior ternporalis was greater than that of all the other muscles, but there was no significant difference. Clenching EMG of anterior temporalis and masseter were greater than those of the other muscles with statistical difference. In swallowing, digastric muscle showed the highest EMG with statistical significance. 3. Limited range of mandibular movement was shown in pre-surgical group. Significant increase in maximum mouth opening was observed six months post-surgically, and significant increase in protrusive movement was observed three months post-surgically.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.209-216
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the association of the muscle activity around the neck of the operator(dental hygienists') according to the change in the patient's neck angle during a direct visual inspection on the maxillary right-side molar palatal surface. The operators were $4^{th}$ year dental hygiene students, who are future dentalhy gienists, having accurate understanding on and awareness of the location of the operation site, hand fixation, and how to use the tools. Data on the change in the muscle activity around the neck were collected by using surface electromyography and neck goniometer. SPSS statistics 20 was used for statistical analyses including Shapiro-wilk test and one-way ANOVA. As a result, the activities of the operator upper trapezius, cervical erector spinae, and levator scapulae muscles significantly decreased when the patient's head was angled compared to when it was not. For the angle of the operator head, the head bend significantly decreased when the patient's head was angled than when it was not. Based on the study results, it is expected that angling the patient's head when treating his or her teeth will decrease the excessive muscle activity around the neck of the operator, and will reduce muscle fatigue. Therefore, angling the head of the patient while treating his or her teeth is recommended. This suggests that muscle pain caused by repetitive actions in the wrong posture can be reduced.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-267
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• 2008

The mentophysical disease causes diseases in digestive, respiratory, circulating systems, including chronic pain, through combined reactions from different individual characteristics, mental stress and temperamental factors. The most common symptom related to orofacial area is pain and the contributive factors include biological, behavioral, environmental, social, emotional, recognitive factors. These factors affect the course of the symptom according to individual's character and human nature. In pain, sleep acts as a contributive factor, and pain could bring about sleep disturbance and vice versa. Deterioration of sleep quality would act as a factor that aggravates mental stress. Therefore, relatively accurate and simple mental examinations and sleep quality test should be carried out for the patients with symptoms related to orofacial area. This study evaluated the mental state in relation to the sleep quality which could affect orofacial pain. The number of poor sleeper was 18 in male subjects, and 1 in female subjects and PSQI global index was higher in male($6.11{\pm}2.38$) than female($4.67{\pm}2.18$). SCL-90-R index showed no sex difference. Poor sleeper showed significantly high value in SOM, O-C, I-S, ANX, PHOB, PSY, GSI, PST. When SCL-90-R T scores were compared according to sleep quality, higher the subjective sleep quality score, O-C and I-S showed significant increase. As sleep disturbances score increased, PAR, PSY, PST showed statistically significant increase. In comparison of SCL-90-R T score according to daytime dysfunction, statistically significant increase in DEP, ANX, HOS, PHOB, PAR, GSI was observed. Therefore, the quality of sleep and psychological status have a high correlation. This is likely to influence chronic pain in the orofacial field. As a result, clinicians treating orofacial pain should evaluate the sleep quality and psychological status of the patient. Further studies of larger sample sizes including various age, occupation, and pain groups are necessary in order to apply the results to clinical practice.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2006

For study on the mouth health care of patients for practical training of dental hygiene department, this survey was conducted among patients for practical training of the junior class of dental hygiene department of S College from September 2, 2004 to May 29, 2005. Before scaling, the purposes of the study and contents of the questionnaire were explained and the questionnaires were distributed and the patients were requested to complete them personally and then they were collected. 249 copies except 11 copies of insincere answers were used for the analysis. The subject of study was selected by convenience sampling, nonprobability sampling. 1. As for the characteristics of the subject of study, for sex, male occupied 138 (55.4%) and female occupied 111(44.6%). For the habitation site, Chungcheongdo residents were 181 people (72.7%), Incheon Gyeonggi 55(22.1%) and Seoul 13(5.2%). For ages, 19-29 age people were 122(49.0%), 30- 39 age 25(10.0%), 40-49 age 45(18.1%), 50-59 age 42(16.9%) and 60-70 age 15(6.0%). For scaling experience, 144 people (57.8%) had it and 105 people (42.2%) did not have it. 2. As for the mouth health care, for brushing method, crossways brushing was 164 people (65.9%), rotation brushing was 63 people (25.3%) and longways brushing was 22 people (8.8%). For brushing times, 2 times was 134 people (53.8%), over 3 times was 99 people(39.8%), and 1 time was 16 people (6.4%). For brushing time, after a meal was 182 people (73.1%) and before a meal was 67 people (26.9%). As for the mouth aids, 40 people (16.1%) used them and 209 people (83.9%) answered not to use them. 3. As for brushing method according to sex, it was found that both male and female use crossways brushing most, and male uses crossways brushing and longways brushing more than female and female uses rotation brushing more. For brushing times, it showed that 2 times was the most as 59.4% for male and over 3 times was the most as 50.5% for female. The survey of brushing time found that 33.3% of male brush their teeth before a meal and 81.1% of female brush their teeth after a meal. 4. For brushing method according to the habitation site, it was found that Chungcheongdo, Incheon Gyeonggi and Seoul use crossways brushing most and longways brushing least. The mouth aids were proved to be used in Incheon Gyeonggi most and in Chungcheongdo least. For brushing times, 2 times was the most in all three locations. 5. As to brushing times according to ages, only 30-39 age did brushing over 3 times, and the rest ages did brushing 2 times most. The survey of the use of the mouth aids according to the experience of scaling found that as they have the experience of scaling, they use them.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.487-496
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• 2021

Full mouth rehabilitation is re-organizing the occlusion of the remaining teeth and missing teeth considering the functions, esthetics, and neuromuscular harmony. With the loss of multiple teeth, the patient's occlusal plane gradually collapses and the vertical dimension can be reduced. Since reduced vertical dimension can be a potential etiology of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles, prosthetic restoration with increased vertical dimension is required. This case report is about a 68 years old patient with vertical dimension loss due to worn dentition and multiple loss of teeth. In this case, the loss of vertical dimension is assessed carefully using the digital dentistry technology. Using CAD software in digital analysis step, the occlusal plane was established and evaluated using several criteria. Orienting the position of the bone and teeth using CBCT image, patient's condition was visualized in 3 dimension and treatment planning was possible virtually. The information that matches the patient's condylar position with the articulator, which is the virtual face bow, is reproduced on the actual articulator, and evaluated again. After the evaluation, provisional prosthesis was fabricated and it was confirmed that the patient adapts without any abnormality. This was implemented as a final prosthesis. As a result, the patient obtained satisfying results, utilizing the benefits of digital dentistry technology and traditional methods.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2012

Previous studies of the relationship of TMJ signs and symptoms in elderly people have provided inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders(TMD). Additionally, young subjects were examined as a control group. Forty old patients (28 female, 12 male, mean age: $65.2{\pm}2.5$ years) and forty young patients (30 female, 10 male, mean age: $23.3{\pm}2.6$ years) clinically diagnosed with TMD were screened. Patient records were analyzed regarding: pain on chief complain, amount of range of mouth opening, TMJ noises(clicking sounds, crepitus), pain on palpation of the TMJ and masticatory muscles and neck and upper back muscles. Differences between the groups were assessed using t-test and the chi-squared test. (SPSS v.17) P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Geriatric subjects more often exhibited crepitus on mouth opening (25%), muscular palpation pain of masseter muscles (82.5%) and temporal muscles(60%). In contrast, young subjects more frequently exhibited joint sounds (62.5%), more amount of range of passive mouth opening (p=0.043). It was found that the younger subjects (82.5%) and the older subjects (87.5%) suffered from subjective sign (orofacial pain on chief complain). There were not statistically significant relationships between orofacial pain (VAS) and the groups. Differences between the groups with respect to joint sounds, muscular palpation pain and mandibular range of motion were significant. Although older subjects more frequently exhibited objective signs (crepitus on opening, pain on muscular palpation) of TMD, younger subjects more frequently objective signs (clicking sound on mouth opening, amount of mandibular range of motion).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2018

Severe dental attrition causes pathological changes of the tooth, collapsed occlusion, and functional and aesthetic complications and can also result in a decrease in occlusal vertical dimension. Before increasing the vertical dimension with full-mouth rehabilitation, it is important to determine the amount of vertical dimension through accurate diagnosis. In this case, a 77 year old elderly male patient on anticoagulant medication with generalized attrition and fracture of teeth was treated with full-mouth rehabilitation in order to recover vertical dimension and aesthetics. Accurate clinical and radiographic examination, diagnostic, wax-up, and occlusal vertical dimension evaluation were step by step performed considering pre-medical history and old age. Patient adaptability was evaluated using an occlusal splint and interim restoration. After 3 months of stabilization with interim restoration, definitive prostheses were fabricated. Satisfactory functional and esthetic outcomes are observed after 6 months of follow up.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2013

Botulinum neurotoxin(BoNT) is a protease exotoxin produced from Clostridium botulinum. It works by blocking the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve endings causing inactivity of muscles or glands. Recently, the therapeutic use of BoNT have expanded to include a wide range of medical and dental conditions. Botulinum neurotoxin type A(BoNT/A) is used off-label in the orofacial region to treat primary and secondary masticatory and facial muscle spasm, severe bruxism, facial tics, orofacial dyskinesias, dystonias, and hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles. Local hematoma, infection, and persistent pain in the injection site are the site-of-injection side effects. Medication-related side effects are adjacent muscle weakness, slurred speech, an alteration in the character of the saliva, and severe headaches. In most cases, these complications are not persistent and bothersome. We reported a case report of a patient who had transient anterior open bite after BoNT/A injection on masseter muscles to treat the refractory myofascial pain.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2009

Lipoma is most common tumor that compromises 4% to 5% of all benign neoplasm, but in oral cavity it is uncommon. In oral cavity, lipoma presents painless, asymptomatic, slow growing, but sometimes it grows to larger size causing deformities, mastication and speech difficulties. While lipoma in commonly affects female patients (68-73%), oral lipoma appears more frequently in male patients. The majority of oral lipoma is seen after the age of forty (uncommon in children). Lipoma of oral cavity and maxillofacial region occurs most commonly in the parotid region, followed by the buccal mucosa, lip, tongue, palate, mouth floor, gingiva in order. A treatment of lesion is surgical excision with recurrence not expected. In this paper we present the case of a patient who has Lipoma in the mouth floor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.601-608
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinse products containing deep sea water. We used original deep sea water(DSW) and processed deep sea water desalinated by reverse osmosis at one time(DDW-1), by reverse osmosis at two times(DDW-2) and concentrated by reverse osmosis(CDW). We made 2 kinds of mouthrinse products containing CDW and other agents for smell and taste and one product without deep sea water. The negative control was distilled water. In vivo study, the dental plaque index scores and the gingival index scores were reduced after 4 weeks mouthrinsing three times daily with 4 kinds of deep sea water and 3 kinds of mouthrinse products(p<0.05). The pH of dental plaque in 1 minute after mouthrinsing was not higher than 5.5 in all solutions, but the pH in 20 minutes after mouthrinsing was higher than 5.7 in DSW, CDW and 3 kinds of products which had higher mineral contents. In vitro study, the mouthrinse solutions containing the higher mineral contents were also the more effective in reduction of methyl mercaptan which is one of the causes of halitosis. The 2 kinds of products containing deep sea water killed Streptococcus mutans(ATCC 25175) in culture plates in one minute. These results indicate the usability of deep sea water in mouthrinses for oral hygiene management.