• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.936-944
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• 2013

Cronobacter muytjensii is an important foodborne pathogen as a potential risk in infant formula powder (IFP). To develop a new and sensitive method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in IFP, an immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for C. muytjensii (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC 51329) was developed. Further, an indirect noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (INC-ELISA) was developed by using the anti-C. muytjensii IgG. As a result, this newly developed INC-ELISA method was found very sensitive for C. muytjensii with detection limit of $6.5{\times}10^3CFU/ml$ in pure culture and 1 cell/25 g of IFP. This INC-ELISA method also displayed excellent specificity for C. muytjensii showing no cross-reactivity with other strains of Cronobacter genus and 11 other foodborne pathogenic strains. These results show that the developed INC-ELISA method was very sensitive, efficient, and rapid for the detection of C. muytjensii. Hence, this method could be applied to the development of diagnostic kits for the rapid and easy detection of C. muytjensii.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.674-684
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute listening to music on the cardiovascular reactivity to sympathoexcitation. In this crossover design study, 15 healthy adults(23.1±1.94(yrs) were randomized to either (1)acute listen to the subject's preferred music for 30 minutes and (2)sat as a time control by an experiment coordinator. After completing each trial, the cold pressor test(CPT) was conducted. Heart rate(HR) and blood pressure(BP) were measured for 4 times at baseline, during and after the CPT. Heart rate variability(HRV) were measured for 3 times at baseline, prior and after the CPT. HR and BP increased during the CPT in both trial and returned to baseline after CPT(time effect, p < .001). After CPT, brachial systolic BP reactivity to the CPT was attenuated in listening to music trial compared to control trial(p = . 008). As a result of heart rate variability(HRV), the difference values between the baseline and prior to the CPT showed a significant increase in standard deviation of the NN intervals(SDNN), total power(TP) and high frequency(HF) only in the music trial (p = .001, p = .002, p = .011). The difference value between prior to and after the CPT did not show significance. But compared with the control trial, the music trial was confirmed that SDNN, TP and HF were more activated. Therefore, listening to music alleviated anxiety and tension before the CPT, and it is estimated that it had a favorable effect on stability after the CPT. This findings showed that listening to music may have a positive effect on brachial systolic BP and HRV to sympathoexcitation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 1988

Surface membrane proteins of virulent RH strain and tissue cyst-forming Fukaya strain of Toxoplasma gondii were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after LPO-catalyzed surface iodination and lectin blotting, then identified the zoite-specific antigens. Prior to the analyses, purification of RH tachyzoites from mouse peritoneal exudate and of Fukaya bradyzoites from mouse brain tissues were performed by centrifugation - on the discontinuous Percoll density-gradient. Ta- chysoites were obtained at the interface of 50U and 60% Percoll solution and brain cysts were harvested at the interfaces of 40-50% and 50-60%, then bradyzoites were obtained by treating the cysts with hypertonic solution. The LPO-catalyzed iodination detected 15 KDa and 14 KDa proteins o( brady- zoites and 30 KDa protein of tachysoites as major bands with several other minor bands. But Con A blotting revealed some bands of 200 K∼50 KDa glycoproteins of bradyzoites and 52 KDa band as major and minor bands of 33 K∼20 KDa of tachyzoites. Phytohemagglutinin did not detect any band in the two forms. EITB with anti- Fukaya antibody and anti-RH antibody revealed cross-reactivities between the two forms. Despite the cross-reactivity, anti-Fukaya antibody reacted with 15 KDa band of bradyzoites specifically and, anti-RH antibody with 52 KDa, 30 KDa, and 25 KDa bands of tachyzoites, respectively. It was identified that 15 KDa protein in bradyzoite, which was not a glycoprotein, was a major membrane protein with sufficient antigenicity, and in the case of tacky- zoite, 52 KDa surface glycoprotein (gp52) with specific antigenicity might be added to the major surface protein, p30.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to purify cystic fluid (CF) antigen of Taenia solium metacestodes by affinity chromatogaphy using specific monoclonal antibody(McAb) and to characterize the antigenicity of the purified antigen. The hybridoma cell lines, prepared by fusion between mouse plasmacytoma and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with CF, secreted antibodies reacting to various helminthic antigens. Majority of cell lines reacted to CF only but some also reacted to parenchymal antigen of T. solium metacestodes, adult T. saginata, sparganum, hydatid cystic fluid, Paragonimus westermani and Clonorchis sinensis, either in combination with CF, other antigens or independently. Cloned cells derived from monoclonal lines also produced antibodies reacting either to CF only or to other helminthes in combination or independently. These results indicated that CF of T. solium metacestodes contained proteins which possessed antigenic determinants not only specific to CF but also cross reactive with the afore-mentioned helminthes. CF of T. solium metacestodes was purified by affinity chromatography using the McAb which reacted to CF and parenchymal antigens. The affinity-purified antigen (A-Ag) and unbound pool CF (U-Ag) were separated. A-Ag showed 2 protein bands by disc-PAGE whereas CF exhibited 6 bands and U-Ag consisted of all bands CF had. The diagnostic significance of A-Ag was evaluated by ELISA in human neurocysticercosis and other helminthic and neurologic diseases. By A-Ag, the levels of the specific IgG antibody, as shown by absorbance in sera and CSF, were lower than those of CF and U-Ag. Accordingly, the sensitivity was about 70% of CF and U-Ag. However, the nonspecific positive reactions to CF and U-Ag, observed in sparganosis, T. saginata infection and paragonimiasis did not occur when A-Ag was used. These results indicated that the affinity-purified A-Ag had the higher specificity but the lower sensitivity as a diagnostic antigen in cysticercosis, probably because it only detected a single or limited numbers of monospecific antibodies among the diverse polyclonal antibodies produced in the patients with neurocysticercosis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2004

To determine the concentration of Lactoperoxidase (LPO), an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) was developed. Anti-LPO egg yolk immunoglobulin(IgY) was transferred to egg yolk by immunizing of Brown hens with LPO. The titer of purified anti-LPO IgY was 1: 520,000. The immunological response of anti- LPO IgY with ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, casein and lysozyme were evaluated, resulting that the anti-LPO IgY found to be a specific antibody toward LPO and no cross-reaction was observed against ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, casein, and lysozyme in double immunodiffusion test and ELISA test. In indirect ELISA method, coating concentration of LPO and dilution rate of anti-LPO IgY was 0.25$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL and 1:8,000 respectively. Sensitivity in the standard curve of LPO was ranged from 0.01 to 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL using anti-LPO IgY.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2009

In 2008, 110 isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were obtained from infected twigs of persimmon collected at Sangju and five fungicides (prochloraz manganese complex, tebuconazole, mancozeb+myclobutanil, fluquinconazole+prochloraz, and tebuconazole+tolyfluanid) were evaluated to determine their growth on fungicide-medium. Among them, the mycelial growth of 97.3 and 98.2% of isolates was inhibited over 91% in response to prochloraz ($250\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and tebuconazole ($125\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), respectively, compared to untreated control. In response to mancozeb+myclobutanil, fluquinconazole+prochloraz, and tebuconazole+tolyfluanid, isolates of 96.4, 99.1 and 96.4% of them were inhibited by fungicides, respectively. Isolates showed the highest sensitivity to fluquinconazole+prochloraz among 5 fungicides. The correlation between tebuconazole and tebuconazole+tolyfluanid was higher (r=0.85).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.155-166
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• 2002

Since 1990s. there has been an increasing number of traffic accidents at intersection. which requires more urgent measures to insure safety on intersection. This study set out to analyze the road conditions, traffic conditions and traffic operation conditions on signalized intersection. to identify the elements that would impose obstructions in safety, and to develop a traffic accident prediction model to evaluate the safety of an intersection using the cop relation between the elements and an accident. In addition, the focus was made on suggesting appropriate traffic safety policies by dealing with the danger elements in advance and on enhancing the safety on the intersection in developing a traffic accident prediction model fir a signalized intersection. The data for the study was collected at an intersection located in Wonju city from January to December 2001. It consisted of the number of accidents, the road conditions, the traffic conditions, and the traffic operation conditions at the intersection. The collected data was first statistically analyzed and then the results identified the elements that had close correlations with accidents. They included the area pattern, the use of land, the bus stopping activities, the parking and stopping activities on the road, the total volume, the turning volume, the number of lanes, the width of the road, the intersection area, the cycle, the sight distance, and the turning radius. These elements were used in the second correlation analysis. The significant level was 95% or higher in all of them. There were few correlations between independent variables. The variables that affected the accident rate were the number of lanes, the turning radius, the sight distance and the cycle, which were used to develop a traffic accident prediction model formula considering their distribution. The model formula was compared with a general linear regression model in accuracy. In addition, the statistics of domestic accidents were investigated to analyze the distribution of the accidents and to classify intersections according to the risk level. Finally, the results were applied to the Spearman-rank correlation coefficient to see if the model was appropriate. As a result, the coefficient of determination was highly significant with the value of 0.985 and the ranks among the intersections according to the risk level were appropriate too. The actual number of accidents and the predicted ones were compared in terms of the risk level and they were about the same in the risk level for 80% of the intersections.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.786-796
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• 1999

Background: It has been anticipated that the amount and composition of mucin are changed in patients with chronic airway diseases. We evaluated whether RTO3(mAb against rat tracheal mucins) could quantify the amount of mucin from the airway in the patients with chronic airway diseases. Methods and results; 1) RTO3 was bound to high molecular weight of mucin based on Western blot in sputum and BALF from patients with chronic airway diseases. 2) The goblet cells and submucosal glands in main bronchus from human were observed by PAS stain. And immunohistochemical stain with RTO3 showed immunoreactivity on some goblet cells. 3) The amount of mucin was more increased in patients with chronic airway diseases compared to those in normal subjects. 4) In the exacerbation of asthmatics, mucin amounts were more increased than stable asthmatics. Conclusion: We suggested that secreted mucin in chronic airway diseases can be quantified by ELISA with RTO3.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2014

In this study, two commercial PCR and ELISA test kits were examined for identification of eight animal species (beef, pork, chicken, duck, turkey, goat, lamb, and horse) from raw meat and meat products in Korea. The detection limit in RAW meat ELISA kit$^{(R)}$ on three types of meat samples blended with beef, pork and chicken, demonstrated that all meat species were differentiable down to 0.2%. RAW meat ELISA kit$^{(R)}$ on animal species resulted in differentiation rate of 94.5% for beef, 93.3% for pork, 90% for lamb, and 100% for chicken, duck, turkey, goat, and horse. In contrast, Powercheck Animal Species ID PCR kit$^{TM}$ resulted in 100% specificity at 0.05% limit of detection for all meat species. The detection limit of Cooked Meat ELISA kit$^{(R)}$ on mixed meat samples heat-treated with different temperatures and times, resulted in 0.1% for all heat-treated mixed meat except for chicken at 1.0%. Additionally, ELISA kit on sixty meat products resulted in specificity of 31.8% for ham, 13.6% for sausages, and 12.5% for ground processed products, and relatively low rate for more than 2 types of mixed meats. On the contrary, meat species differentiation using PCR kit showed higher percentage than that using ELISA kit$^{(R)}$: 50.0% for ham, 41.7% for sausages, and 28.6% for ground processed meat. Futhermore, PCR kit on 54 dried beef meats detected pork genes in 13 products whereas ELISA kit showed negative results for all products. Hence, the possibility of cross-contamination during manufacturing process was investigated, and it was found that identical tumblers, straining trays, cutters and dryers were used in both beef and pork jerky production line, suggesting the inclusion of pork genes in beef products due to cross-contamination. In this study, PCR and ELISA test kits were found to be excellent methods for meat species differentiation in raw meat and heat-processed mixed meat. However, lower differentiation rate demonstrated in case of meat processed products raised the possibility of inclusion of other species due to cross-contamination during manufacturing process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.314-315
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• 2012

최근들어 반도체 및 디스플레이 소자의 구조가 복잡해짐에 따라 다층 박막 증착에 대한 중요성이 날로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다층 박막을 효율적으로 증착하기 위해 회전이 가능한 육각건을 개발하였고, 이를 이용하여 에너지 절약형 단열 유리 증착 공정을 구현 하였다. 개발된 회전형 육각건은 기존 플래너형 스퍼터링 건의 확장형으로서 최대 6개의 물질을 하나의 챔버에서 증착이 가능하도록 구성되었다. 기존 공정의 경우 서로 다른 물질 증착을 위해서는 각각의 챔버가 필요한 반면, 회전형 육각건을 이용할 경우 하나의 챔버에서 공정을 진행할 수 있어 원가 절감이 가능하다. Fig. 1은 개발된 회전형 육각건의 모식도로서, 스퍼터링 타겟이 장착 가능한 건과, 회전부로 구성되어 있다. 이를 이용하여 투명전극-금속-투명전극-금속-절연체로 구성되어 있는 에너지 절약형 단열 유리용 다층 박막 증착 공정을 개발하였다. 이때 알루미늄이 도핑된 ZnO (AZO)는 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터로, 금속 박막은 DC 스퍼터, $SiO_2$ 및 SiN과 같은 절연 박막은 $O_2$와 $N_2$ 분위기에서 반응성 RF 스퍼터로 각각 증착하였다. Base pressure는 $10^{-7}$ torr였으며, 증착 시 공정 압력은 1~3 mTorr로 조정하였다. 증착 균일도 향상을 위해 20 rpm의 속도로 기판을 회전시켰다. Fig. 2(a)는 ZnO-Ag-ZnO 구조로 이루어진 다층 박막의 단면을 관찰한 투과전자 현미경 사진으로 각 층간의 계면이 뚜렷하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있으며, 각 층간의 intermixing 현상이 발생하지 않음을 확인 가능하다. 이를 보완하기 위해 Fig. 2(b)에서 보는 바와 같이 XPS를 이용하여 depth profile을 측정하였다. 각 층에서 서로 다른 물질이 발견되는 현상, 즉 교차 오염이 발생함에 따라 나타나는 intermixing 없이 거의 순수한 형태의 ZnO, Ag 박막 성분이 검출되었다. 이는 6개의 서로 다른 물질이 장착된 회전형 육각건을 이용하여 고 품질의 다층 박막 증착이 가능함을 제시하는 결과이다. 증착된 다층 박막의 균일도는 3.8%, 가시광선 영역에서 80% 이상의 투과도, 면저항 값은 3 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$ 이하를 보임으로서 에너지 절약형 단열 유리로서의 사양을 만족시키는 결과를 제시하였다.