• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.B
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

We prepared the nano-sized $TiO_2$ particles by the diffusion flame reactor and investigated the effects of several process variables on the generation and transport properties of $TiO_2$ particle. As the length from the tip of diffusion flame reactor increases, the size of $TiO_2$ particle increases by the coagulation between particles. The structure of $TiO_2$ particles prepared is almost found to be anatase. It was found that the $TiO_2$ particle size depends more largely on the change of reactor temperature than on the change of inlet $TiCl_4$ concentration. By the photo-degradation experiment of phenol and toluene with the prepared $TiO_2$ particles, we found that the photo-degradation efficiencies of phenol and toluene change, depending on the process variables such as size of $TiO_2$ photocatlysts, concentration of phenol or toluene. Degradation efficiencies of phenol and toluene was above 90% in our experiments in 60 minutes.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2003

최근 각종 산업 기술의 발달과 함께 다량의 악취, 오염 물질이 심각한 사회문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히 산업 현장의 경우, 악취로 인해 작업 환경이 매우 열악하여 환경 설비의 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 스크러버 집진 장치의 친수성 가스를 제거할 수 있는 장점을 유지하면서, 소수성 기체의 제거율이 낮은 단점을 보완할 수 있는 TiO$_2$나노 입자의 광분해 특성을 이용한 스크러버 집진 장치를 제작하였다. TiO$_2$ 광촉매 나노 입자는 실험실에서 합성한 QT를 비롯하여, 국내외에서 생산된 P-25, NT-20, ST-01로 특성 분석을 실시하였다. 광촉매 나노 입자의 특성 분석에는 X선 회절 분석법, 적외선 분광기, 제타 전위 분석기, 동적 광산란 분광기를 사용하였으며, 그 결과 ST-01이 본 실험에 가장 적합한 광촉매로 선정되었다. 악취 및 대기 오염 물질 선정은 염색 가공 공장에서 정련제, 산화 환원제등으로 많이 사용하고 있는 암모니아, 아세트산, 옥탄올, 휘발성 유기물질인 톨루엔, 벤젠으로 하여, 실험실 자체 제작한 batch type과 산업 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 continuous type의 스크러버 이용하여 실험하였다. 이들 물질의 제거율은 가스 크로마토그래피, 자외선/가시광선 분광기를 이용하여 조사하였으며, 친수성 기체인 암모니아와 아세트산의 경우는 기존의 스크러버 효율의 약 70%인 반면에, 광촉매를 이용한 스크러버의 경우 90%이상의 우수한 제거 효과를 보였다. 또한, 기존의 스크러버가 거의 분해를 할 수 없었던 소수성 기체 옥탄올, 톨루엔, 벤젠의 경우는 기존의 스크러버가 약 10%내외를 제거하는 것에 비해, 광촉매를 이용한 스크러버의 경우 약 80% 이상의 제거 효율을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 광촉매를 이용한 스크러버의 제거효율이 기존의 스크러버에 비해, 친수성 가스의 경우 20% 이상, 소수성 가스의 경우70% 이상 향상되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 본 연구를 통해 광분해를 이용한 스크러버가 기존설비의 장.단점을 충분히 보완 가능한 환경 설비임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.144-148
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• 2003

알루미나볼 위에 Titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP)를 원료로, 화학기상증착법으로 제조된 $TiO_{2}/Al_{2}O_{3}$ 볼을 이용하여 벤젠의 기상 광 분해 실험을 실시하였다. 기상분해 과정의 연속적 측정을 위하여 순환식의 반응장치를 자체 제작하였으며, PID(Photo Ionization Detector)방식의 VOCs meter를 이용하여 광조사에 의한 벤젠의 분해율을 실시간으로 측정하였다. 기상의 벤젠과 $TiO_2/Al_{2}O_{3}$ 볼의 원활한 흡착을 위해 30분간 암반응 시킨 후 광분해율을 측정한 결과 광조사에 의한 분말표면에 흡착된 VOCs의 탈착에 의한 초기 농도증가 현상이 공통적으로 측정되었으며, 흡착 면적이 작을수록 농도 증가 또한 낮게 측정되었다. 또한 최적조건을 기준으로 실시한 분해 실험 결과 60ppm이상의 고농도 영역에서는 VOCs의 분해가 비교적 느리게 진행되었지만, 60ppm이하의 저농도 영역에서는 급속한 VOCs의 분해가 측정되었다. 마찬가지로 반응 표면적이 넓을수록, 광원이 많을수록 그리고 광분해에 사용된 자외선 램프의 강도가 클수록 광반응에 의한 벤젠의 분해율이 증가하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2011

In this study, anatase/brookite hybrid $TiO_2$ was prepared using different acid catalysts and microwave to improve photodegradation of organic pollutants. The methylene blue photodegradation properties of the prepared photocatalysts with different particle/crystal size and brookite fractions were investigated. Surface characteristics and particle sizes of anatase/brookite hybrid $TiO_2$ were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser diffraction particle size analyzer, respectively and crystal structures were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Methylene blue photodegradation properties were evaluated with UV-vis spectrophotometer. Anatase and anatase/brookite hybrid $TiO_2$ had less than 500 nm size of clusters and the average particle size of $6.66{\sim}6.85{\mu}m$, suggesting that types of acid catalysts did not affect the size. XRD of the prepared $TiO_2$ showed that the photocatalysts had anatase/brookite hybrid crystal structure and applying microwave did not change their crystal structure. Photodegradation of methylene blue with the prepared photocatalyst did not increased proportionally to the fraction of brookite and the crystal size and decreased when brookite fraction and the crystal size increased further. Anatase/brookite hybrid $TiO_2$ with brookite fraction of 9.4% and crystal size of 4.53 nm shows the best photodegradation activity of methylene blue.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 2017

Air pollution associated with the $NO_x$ emission from the ship engines is becoming one of the major environmental concerns these days. As the regulations on ship pollutants are strengthened, the wet absorption method, for controlling complex pollutants in a confined space, has the advantage of simultaneously removing various pollutants, but the low solubility of nitrogen monoxide is drawback. In this study, for improving existing denitrification scrubber system, NO oxidation process by hydroxyl radical produced from irradiating UV light on $H_2O_2$ is suggested and the $H_2O_2$ decomposition rates and hydroxyl radical quantum yields were measured to find the optimum condition of $H_2O_2$ photolysis reaction. As a result, the optimum quantum yield and photolysis rate of $H_2O_2$ were 0.8798, $0.6mol\;h^{-1}$ at 8 W, 2 M condition, and oxidation efficiency of 1000 ppm NO gas was 40%. In batch system, NO removal efficiency has a range of 65.0 ~ 67.3% according to input gas concentration of 100 ~ 1500 ppm. This results indicate that the scrubber system using hydrogen peroxide photolysis can be applied as air pollution prevention facility of ship engines.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2008

Titania nanoparticles were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in water-in-oil (W/O) and microemulsion stabilized with a nonionic surfactant, N P-10 (Polyoxyethylene Nonylphenol Ether: $C_9H_{19}C_6H_4(OCH_2CH_2)_{10}OH$)). The nanosized particles prepared in W/O microemulsion were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, XRD, TGA, and DTA. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol has been studied by using a batch reactor in the presence of UV light in order to compare the photocatalytic activity of prepared nanosized titania. The nanaosized titania particles calcined at $300{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ showed an anatase structure, but it transformed to a rutile phase above $700^{\circ}C$ of calacination temperature. With an increase of $W_o$ ratio, the crystallite size increased but photocalytic activity decreased. The titania synthesized at $W_o=5$, R = 2, and calcined at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ showed the highest activity on the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2009

During the past few years, titanium salts were investigated as alternative coagulants for the removal of organic matter of different molecular sizes in contaminated water. The flocculation efficiency of Ti-salt was comparable to those of $FeCl_3$ and $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ salts, commonly used coagulants. Incinerated sludge-$TiO_2$ showed higher surface area and photocatalytic activity than commercially available $TiO_2$. Metal-doped forms were produced by adding coagulant aids such as iron (Fe-), aluminium (Al-) and (Ca-) calcium salts during Ti-salt flocculation to increase pH. Ca- and Al- doped $TiO_2$ showed very high photocatalytic activity compared to Fe-doped $TiO_2$. When tested in a pilot scale plant for treatment of dye wastewater to check practical feasibility of the novel process, the removal ratio of the chemical oxygen demand was comparable to those of commonly used coagulants but the settling of sludge was faster. The $TiO_2$ generated after sludge incineration showed a high photocatalytic activity for degradation of volatile organic compounds and increased the rate of hydrogen production by water photosplitting. $TiCl_4$ coagulant and $TiO_2$ produced from different water sources with different concentrations had low acute toxicity compared to heavy metals and commercial $TiO_2$ when examined based on D. Magna mortality. This paper presents the production, characterisation and the photoactivity of $TiO_2$ produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge. Different case studies are discussed to highlighted recent advances in this field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.316-322
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• 2006

The current study evaluated the technical feasibility of the application of $TiO_2$ photocatalysis for the removal of nocotine which has well known as a representative material of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS). Four different preliminary experiments were performed for the evaluation of nicotine removal using photocatalyst-coated construction materials. The photocatalytic removal of nicotine was investigated for five parameters: dry condition of coating tiles, type of coating sol, number of coatings, relative humidity(RH), and input concentrations. Prior to performing the parameter tests, adsorption of nicotine onto the current experimental system was surveyed. All the variables tested in the present study exhibited to influence the photocatalytic decomposition of Nicotine. A dry condition of high temperature and short dry period presented higher photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) efficiency compared to that of low temperature and long dry period. ST-KO3 sol showed higher decomposition efficiency than E-T Sol. The PCO efficiency increased as the number of coating increased. High humidity and low input concentrations exhibited higher PCO efficiency. Consequently, it is noted that the five parameters tested in the present study should be considered for the application of photocatalyst-coated construction materials in cleaning nicotine in ETS.