• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1985

This is a retrospective analysis of 54 patients with stage I or II Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the head and neck region treated with curative radiotherapy in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period of February 1979 through September 1982. The minimum follow-up period was 24 months. The review of histologic slides was available in 36 cases. Waldeyer's ring was the most common extranodal sites $(40\%)$. $41\%$ of patients were in the stage 1 and $59\%$ in the stage II by Ann Arbor classification. Of the 44 patients who responded after radiotherapy, 24 patients$(54.4\%)$subsequently relapsed. Regional recurrence rate was $29\%$, distant metastasis was $54\%$ and simultaneous regional recurrence and distant metastasis was $17\%$. The survival rate and disease free survival at 2 years were $57\%\;and\;45\%$ respectively. Those patients with a large primary lesion (over 6cm in diameter), multiple conglomerated, extranodal site and diffuse ceil type, experienced a high rate of distant metastasis. Therefore it seems desirable to study the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in those patients with a high probability of distant metastasis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 1990

Twenty one patients of malignant thymoma treated with curative aim at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology of Seoul National University Hospital from 1979 to 1987 were analysed retrospectively. The 3 year overall and relapse free survival rate was $80.5\%\;and\;78.6$, respectively. Myasthenia gravis (MG) was seen in $43.5\%$ at presentation and disappeared in $40\%$ (4/10) after radiotherapy with or without operation. The 3 year cumulative survival rate with and without MG was $90\;and\;78.8\%$, respectively. We could consider that MG was no longer adverse prognostic factor. The complete response rate after partial resection was $100\%$ (3/3), and that after biopsy was $20\%$(3/15). The overall local control rate including complete and partial response rate ($33\;vs\;56\%$)was$89\%$ and the 3 year actuarial survival rate by the response rate was $88.9\%\;and\;81.7\%$, respectively. There was no statistically significant survival difference between two groups. The crude rate of relapse at 3 years was $23.8\%$ (5/21), and $80\%$ (4/5) were locoregional failures. All failures were observed in biopsy only group, while no failure was observed in resected group. The major pattern of the treatment failure was the locoregional failure and the distant metastases was rarely observed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1990

From 1984 to 1988, fourty two patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology in Kyungpook National University Hospital. Thirteen patients refused treatment and the median survival time was 7.8 months. Twenty nine patients received a full course of radiation at least 70 Gy to the primary site and 60 Gy to the nodal sites. These patients were all belonged to stage III or IV, The local control rate was $75\% in squamous cell carcinomas, and all the patients with lymphoepithelioma showed a complete response. Overall locoregional failure was $27.6\%. Distant metastasis was the predominant pattern of failures; 4/6 in lymphoepithelioma, 4/10 En squamous cell carcinoma. The Three-year-survival rate for squamous cell carcinoma was $40.5\%$, and for lymphoepithelioma $25.9\%, respectively. This may be due to the more frequent distant metastases in lymphoepithelioma and ineffective chemotherapy. No survival correlation was found with the level of neck node involvement. Though adjuvant chemotherapy was found to be of no benefit in overall survival, more prudent and aggressive chemotherapy would be necessary.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 1988

A retrospective study was performed on 15 patients with suprasellar germ cell tumors treated by megavoltage external beam irradiation between Feb. 1979 and Dec. 1985. Follow-up period of survivors was 30 to 91 months. Histologic diagnosis was obtained before radiation therapy in 10patients (9 germinomas and 1 mixed). Five patients were treated without histologic verification. In 9 patients with biopsy-proven germinomas radiation therapy was delivered to the craniospinal axis in 6, to the whole brain in 3. In 5 patients with mixed germ cell tumor or elevated tumor marker, irradiation was delievered to the craniospinal axis in 2, to the whole brain in 2, and to the primary site only in 1. Total doses ranged from 5,000 to 5,500 cGy to the primary site, 3,000 to 4,400 cGy to the whole brain, and 1,300 to 3,000 cGy to the spine. In these 14, local tumor was controlled and primary or spinal failure was not observed. One patient without elevated tumor marker was treated to the whole brain. The tumor was not controlled and he had spinal recurrence. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were $86\%$ at 5 year. It is proven that radiation therapy is an effective treatment for suprasellar germ cell tumors. The neuroendocrinologic presentation, tumor marker status, early response to radiation measured on CT seem to be useful means for selecting patients for radiation therapy when tissue diagnosis is not available.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.282-285
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• 2004

We report a case of advanced gastric cancer with Virchow's node and lung metastasis that responded remarkably to preoperative chemotherapy. A 47-year-old female patient was diagnosed as having incurable advanced gastric cancer with Virchow's node and multiple lung metastasis. Preoperative chemotherapy with Taxotere, CDDP and 5FU was carried out. After four courses of the regimen, the Virchow's node and the lung metastasis had disappeared, and a marked reduction of the gastric lesion was observed on the CT scan. Consequently, the patient underwent a total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. On histopathological examination, cancer cells were found to have infiltrated up to the muscle layer of the gastric wall, and 42 out of 60 resected lymph nodes were found to be metastatic. The patient received another two courses of chemotherapy after the operation. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2004;4:282-285)

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1987

Forty seven patients with locally recurrent uterine cerival cancer after surgery were treated with radiation during the 6 year period from 1979 through 1984 at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology of Seoul National University Hospital. In 30 out of the 47 patients, recurrence was diagnosed within 2 years after surgery. Site of recurrence was vagina in 19 patients, vagina and parametrium in 21 patients and parametrium only in 7 patients. Complete tumor control was achieved in 35 patients $(74.5\%)$; the complete response rates were $94.7\%(18/19)$ in vaginal recurrences, $57.1\%(12/21)$ in combined vaginal and parametrial recurrences and $71.4\%(5/7)$ in parametrial recurrences. Overall and disease free survival rates at 4 years were 55.2 and 50.1 percent, respectively, for entire group. Overall 4 year survival rates were $77.0\%$ for vaginal recurrences, $44.1\%$ for vaginal and parametrial recurrences and $42.9\%$ for parametrial recrrences. When the disease extent was classified in the same way as the staging system of FIGO, the 4 year survival was 80.4, 73.0, 25.0 and 0 percent for stage IIa, IIb, IIIb and IVa, respectively.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

In this paper, firstly, 'value', 'vertices', 'height' are discussed, which are used in the multiple contexts. Then 'sketch', 'mental math', 'zero point oneth place/zero point zero oneth place/zero point zereo zero oneth place', 'number of place', 'natural number part/decimal part' are discussed, which are not used consistently. Finally, middle school mathematics terms 'distance', 'number line', 'the value of the expression' are discussed which are used in elementary school mathematics textbooks/workbooks. From these discussions, the following four suggestions are proposed as conclusions. First, as a mathematical term 'value' and 'distance' should be emphasized. As 'distance' is a middle school term, there is a need to consider the 'height' as 'the length of the line segment' instead of 'distance'. Second, 'number of place' which can be replaced with other suitable term, 'the value of the expression' including 'value of $20{\times}4$', 'natural number part/decimal part', 'vertex of pyramid/vertex of cone', 'mental math' should not be used. Third, there is a need to consider the use of 'mixed decimal' and 'proper decimal'. In addition, there is a need to expand the use of 'sketch'. Fourth, there is a need to consider the confirmation of 'number line' as an elementary school mathematics term. In addition, there is a need to consider to specify that 'decimal first place', 'decimal second place', 'decimal third place' can be used equivalently with 'zero point oneth place', 'zero point zero oneth place', 'zero point zereo zero oneth place' respectively.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

In this paper, in order to lay the foundation for clearly determining the scope of contents handled in elementary math textbooks in Korea, what may be issues are discussed with respect to the contents handled in the current math textbooks. First of all, handling of percent point, concave polygons, and possibilities of event that will happen are discussed, the handling of them can be a issue in the sense of inconsistencies to the curriculum. Next, handling of fractions attaching units of discrete quantities and fractions attaching 'times' are discussed, the handling of them can be a issue in the sense of gap between everyday life and definition in math textbooks. Finally, handling of representing natural numbers into fractions and the positional relationship of geometrical figures are discussed, the handling of them can be a issue in the sense of a logical jump. The following three implications obtained from these discussions are presented as conclusions. First, it is necessary to establish clearly the relationship of textbooks and curriculum. Second, it is necessary to give attention to using the way to define or deal with concepts in math textbooks mixed with the way to use them in everyday life. Third, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the logical jumps in math textbooks.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-77
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• 2014

Ampulla of Vater (AOV) cancer is rare malignant tumor which arises within the vicinity of the AOV. Metastatic AOV adenocarcinoma has poor prognosis, with an overall survival rate at 2 years ranging from 5 to 10%. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute indicated that lymph node metastasis was present in as many as half of patients which were associated with poor prognosis and liver was the second most common site of distant metastasis in AOV cancer. In this case report, we describe a case of complete resolution of AOV cancer, which was already spread to retroperitoneal lymph node and liver. The patient underwent gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy for palliative aim. After 12 month of chemotherapy, image study showed partial remission, so intraoperative radiofrequency ablation therapy and pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was done. AOV cancer was completely resected and the patient was followed up without recurrence for 7 months.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.64-67
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• 2014

Esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis, because the progression rate is faster compared to that of other cancers, Up to 30-40% of cases are inoperable at diagnosis, and most cases occur in the elderly. By this time, surgery has been regarded as the treatment of choice in patients suffering esophageal cancer and recent improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative management have significantly increased the resection rate and reduced the operative mortality. And Although the combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been reported to be an effective treatment for esophageal cancer, most cases show only partial remission. Moreover, radiation therapy alone or chemotherapy alone has limited efficacy. We report a rare case of an 80-year-old man who presented with a chief complaint of dysphasia and was diagnosed with advanced esophageal cancer, with a review of the literature. Considering his advanced age, generally poor performance status, and the risk of fistula development after radiation therapy due to indentation of esophageal cancer into the main bronchus, palliative, rather than therapeutic, chemotherapy was performed, and complete remission was obtained.