• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate growth performance, photosynthesis, water use efficiency (WUE), and stomatal conductance ($g_s$) of container seedlings of Liriodendron tulipifera and Zelkova serrata growing under three different irrigation periods (1 time/1 day, 1 time/2 days and 1 time/3 days) for high seedling quality. The root collar diameter and height of L. tulipifera and Z. serrata seedlings were highest with 1 time/1 day irrigation, whereas they were lowest with 1 time/3 days irrigation. The two species showed low drought tolerance. As irrigation period was shortened, biomass and seedling quality index (SQI) of the two species increased. The ratio of height to root collar diameter (H/D) and the ratio of below to aboveground biomass (T/R) of the two species were lower with 1 time/3 days than at other irrigation periods. L. tulipifera and Z. serrata seedlings showed significantly higher photosynthetic capacity with 1 time/1 day irrigation. As irrigation period was shortened, $g_s$ of two species increased, while their WUE decreased significantly (P<0.05) These results show that 1 time/1 day irrigation provides the most optimal water condition for container seedling production of two species and irrigation controlling is very important for growth and quality of container seedlings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.6 s.107
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

It was aimed to promote as a material for interior landscape by validating Rumohra aristata, in an indoor environment, especially irrigation interval, medium composition and drainage at indoor. 1. The result of physico-chemical analysis of medium composition showed that porosity, pH and Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg and Ex-K were high with peatmoss: vermiculite: perlite(1:1:1) and water contents, organic matter content, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity were high with sand: leaf mold(1:1). 2. Growth and indoor adaptability of Rumohra aristata were better with irrigation at 2 interval per week than irrigation at 7 interval per week regardless of drainage. 3. In the case of medium composition, of growth and indoor adaptability were higher with sud: leaf mold (1:1) than peatmoss: vermiculite: perlite(1:1:1). 4. Fronds fresh weight and dry weight decreased when irrigation interval increased and were higher with sand: leaf mold(1:1) than peatmoss: vermiculite: perlite(1:1:1) treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

It was aimed to promote Cyrtomium falcatum as a material for interior landscape by validating it indoor adaptability in the indoor environment, especially irrigation times, soil treatment and drainage level. Irrigation times were 2 times per week and 7 times per week. Soil treatment and drainage level were carried out drainage-peatmoss : vermiculite : perlite=1 : 1 : 1(D-PVP), peatmoss : vermiculite : perlite=1 : 1 : 1(PVP), drainage-saprolite : leaf mold=1 : 1(D-SL) and saprolite : leaf mold=1 : 1(SL). 1. Top of growth was better with irrigation 7 times per week than irrigation 2 times per week but indoor adaptability was decreased and shown yellowish green. 2. In case of soil treatment, growth was better with saprolite : leaf mold=1 : 1 but indoor growth adaptability was decreased than peatmoss : vermiculite : perlite=1 : 1 : 1. 3. Plant height and blade length were increased under non-drainage treatment but indoor adaptability, number of new fronds and number of sporophyll were decreased under drainage treatment, regardless of irrigation times and soil treatment. 4. Photosynthetic rate(Pn) was the highest in the drainage-peatmoss : vermiculite : perlite=1 : 1 : 1 treatment of irrigation 2 times per week and was the lowest in the saprolite : leaf mold=1 : 1 treatment of irrigation 7 times per week.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.947-951
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• 2015

This study presents proper irrigation interval for the soil condition of green roof system and the smooth growth of the landscaping herbaceous plants available and reveal the need for irrigation in rooftop conditions. Twenty kinds of greenery plants are tested on ground paved wood panels where rain and wind shielder is installed. Before test, irrigation is conducted fully to experimental plants and then soil moisture in pot is measured after every ten minutes. In conclusion, it is suggested that the irrigation has to be carried out every 4~5 days in order to minimize water and heat stress of plants. Also, irrigation management is an essential prerequisite for good condition and the smooth growth of plants and environmental effects in green roof system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate growth characteristics of woody plants that are widely used indoors in accordance with irrigation frequency and to find the optimum irrigation conditions for plants that help to improve the indoor environment. Four woody plants used in this study included Ardisia pusilla, Clusia rosea, Fatsia japonica, and Ficus elastica. They were planted in pots with a diameter of 10cm and cultivated in three different irrigation frequencies: two times per week, one time per week, and one time per two weeks. After 120 days, they were measured by plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, SPAD value, leaf color, leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and photosynthetic rate. The average soil moisture content was $48.8{\pm}2.1%$ in two times per week, $25.2{\pm}4.4%$ in one time per week, and $10.3{\pm}2.4%$ in one time per two weeks. For A. pusilla, leaf water potential was higher, and Fv/Fm value was 0.731 in two times per week irrigation, showing more wetness. For A. pusilla, F. japonica and F. elastica photosynthetic rate was significantly lower in one time per two weeks irrigation, appearing to be more sensitive to drying than C. rosea. When irrigated one time per week, with the soil's volume average moisture content of 25%, all four woody plants used in this experiment proved to grow smooth. Thus, it was determined to be good for use in indoor landscaping.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2017

To identify the appropriate irrigation level for Pinus densiflora, a common reforestation species in Korea, we investigated their growth response characteristics according to different irrigation treatment levels for producing container seedlings with relatively high growth rate for higher survival rate when planted at the reforestation site. The container seedlings including control seedlings (no irrigation was applied) were grown in 104-cell trays were irrigated for 8 weeks from 15 weeks after seeding, at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days. Analysis of the height growth, root collar diameter growth, and dry matter production of the container seedlings according to irrigation showed that the highest growth reaction was observed for the irrigation interval of 1 day. A shorter irrigation cycle resulted in better growth of the container seedlings, but overall, longer total root length were observed with an irrigation cycle of 3 days compared with cycles of 1 or 2 days. Quality index (QI) was the highest for the irrigation interval of 1 day, and tended to decrease with increase in the irrigation interval. Thus, it was determined that irrigation at intervals of 1-2 days was appropriate for growing Pinus densiflora container seedlings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.414-422
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to find optimal water condition of containerized seedling production of two tropical species for high seedling quality. This study was conducted to investigate photosynthesis, water use efficiency(WUE), Stomatal conductance(gs) and growth performances of containerized seedlings of Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia mangium growing under three different irrigation periods (1 time/1 day, 1 time/2 days and 1 time/3 days). E. pellita showed outstanding photosynthetic capacities at 1time/1day irrigation and A. mangium showed good photosynthetic capacity at all treatments. As irrigation period were shortened, gs of two species increased, while WUE of two species decreased. Root collar diameter and height of two species were the highest at 1 time/1 day irrigation, while the lowest at 1 time/3 days irrigation. As irrigation period were shortened, H/D ratio, biomass and seedling quality index (DQI) of two species increased but T/R ratio of two species showed the opposite tendency. These results showed that 1 time/1 day irrigation is optimal water condition of containerized seedling production of two tropical species and irrigation controlling is very important for growth and seedling quality of containerized seedling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

Focusing on native plants that have high possibility of being introduced as rooftop material, this study was conducted to investigate extensive and easy-to-manage rooftop garden and to raise the utilization of native plants by verifying their growing response to artificial substrate soil depth and irrigation period. The study was conducted from March to September in 2002. Plants tested included Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Sedium middendorffianum, Thymus quinquecostatus, Allium senescens, and Dianthus superbus. Regarding soil depth, it was 5 cm and 10 cm. Irrigation period was non-irrigation, 1-week, 2-weeks, and 3- weeks, Its result is as follows; 1. In case of Sedum middendorffianum Maxim, mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil depth and irrigation period making it very suitable material for rooftop garden. 2. In case of Allium senescens L., mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil depth and irrigation period making it very suitable material for rooftop garden. Therefore, Provided that fertilizing is managed well, it is a plant that can be highly utilized.3. In case of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herb. Subsp. (Nakai) Y. Lee Stat., the growth of top was lower in 10cm than in 5cm and it grew well in 10cm. When utilizing for rooftop garden, it would be desirable to keep minimum viable soil depth at over 10cm. If there is enough rainfall, soil and soil depth seem to have greater effect on growth than irrigation period does. 4. In case of Diauthus superbus L. var. longicalycinus (Maxim) Williams, rooting rate and growth were better in 10cm than in 5cm. Therefore, it is desirable to keep minimum soil depth at over 10cm. 5. In case of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak, the growth of top and flowering were better in 10cm than in 5cm. Therefore, it seems desirable to have minimum viable soil depth to be over 10cm. In conclusion, the most suitable species for rooftop garden are Sedium middendorffianum and Allium senescens in this experiment. However, Chrysanthemum zwadskii, Thymus quinquecostatus, and Dianthus chinensis also can be utilized greatly when irrigation is managed regularly in artificial mixed soil over 10cm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum management system during a overwintering for the production of Pinus densiflora container 2-0 seedlings. The experiment performed between 2005~2006 in a polyethylene film house (PE house) located at Yeoju-Gun in Kyungki-Do. During the winter in the PE house, the difference in maximum day temperature and minimum day temperature was large, and the difference in temperature was detected between the container keeping locations. During the winter season, the maximum day temperatures at the seedling bench in January and February were $32.8^{\circ}C$ and$36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, whereas those at the ground in January and February were $16.0^{\circ}C$ and $24.4^{\circ}C$, respectively. Water contents of container seedlings was reduced gradually from the beginning the experiment, and reduced rapidly from February to March, and increased rapidly from April. Container seedlings showed different death rate according to the extending of the irrigation cycle. Death rate by one week and two weeks of irrigation cycle was 4.8% and 6.5%, and 38.5% and 49.4% of death rate occurred by three and four weeks of irrigation cycle, respectively. It is suggested that the proper irrigation cycle for P. densiflora 2-0 container seedlings during overwintering is two weeks. When containers placed directly on the ground, the root of container seedlings went out through the drainage of the container, and grew out in the soil. These roots were cut while moving the container to the bench in spring.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.335.1-335.1
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• 2007