• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.273-280
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• 1986

'Medicinal water' have been used for the treatment of disease and the promotion of health. To study the quality and health effect of 'medicinal water', the eleven springs located near Taegu City during the period of March 27-February 17, 1986 were tested for biological and physiochemical examination and were checked for sanitary environment around the spring. Among them three springs (27.3%) had a good sanitary equipments and only one was negative for biological examination. Three 'medicinal warer' were accepted as potable by physicochemical examination. According to above findings, all of the 'medicinal water' sampled from the springs located near Taegu City were not potable by this sanitary survey adopted Drinking Water Standard in Korea. Kachang and Youngchum 'medicinal water' were more contaminated by heavy metals and bacteria than those of other springs. To solve the problem of contamination by heavy metals that originated from uncertain sources, we should search for the sources of water contamination, remove it completely and also support the environmental equipments and management system in protection of safe 'medicinal water' supply.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2004

Purpose: The Hospice Oriented Medical Record (HOMR) was developed for assessing the pain and symptoms of terminal cancer patients. Methods and Results: The HOMR consists of an instruction for users and 2 assessment pages which include the graph showing vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiration rate and pain score), current problem lists, performance status, laboratory data, pain characteristics and management, sedation score, associated symptoms and drug side effects, etc. Pilot study was performed in the inpatient Hospice Care Unit in Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center. Because an one-week progress data was recorded in HOMR as a flow sheet, the patient's condition and pain control status could be seen at a glance. Conclusion: The HOMR is useful for assessing the terminal cancer patients because it is simple and convenient to use. Further research is needed before it can be universally used in the clinical settings.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-291
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• 2020

Shield TBM is a tunnelling method that has a wider range of applications in the poor ground condition compared to conventional tunnels (Drill and Blast). Currently, a 13.3 m large-diameter slurry shield TBM is preparing for construction to pass under the Han River. Shield TBM is divided into slurry and EPB shield TBM, and management items during construction are different depending on each characteristic. In this paper, the equipment type, origin, application case and trouble case were analyzed for slurry shield TBM, which is mainly constructed in soft ground. In addition, 2D and 3D model tests were conducted on the condition of soil depth for the possibility of slurry leakage into front of the equipment, with appropriate chamber pressure. Based on this paper, it proposed to provide basic and reference data for proper excavation surface pressure and chamber pressure during construction of slurry shield TBM under soft ground conditions, and proposed measures to minimize stability and environmental decline due to slurry ejection.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2011

국제기구인 정부간 기후변화협의체(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 이하 IPCC)에서는 기후변화가 기온 상승에 따른 증발산량의 증가, 강수량 및 유출량의 시공간적 분포의 변동 등을 초래하여 수자원의 효율적 관리 및 안정적인 공급에 어려움을 증대시킬 것으로 전망하였다. 또한 IPCC 4차 보고서에 따르면 21세기말 지구의 평균기온은 현재보다 최대 $6.3^{\circ}C$정도 더 상승할 것으로 전망하였다. 전구평균기온이 $3.0^{\circ}C$ 증가할 경우 아시아에서만 연간 700만 명이상이 홍수피해 위기에 직면할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 국내의 경우 기온은 전구평균기온에 비해 2배 이상 높은 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 정도 상승하였으며, 최근 50년간의 강우일수는 감소한 반면 일강수량이 80mm 이상인 호우일수의 발생빈도는 증가되고 있다고 보고되었다. 또한 최근의 물수지 해석과 관련하여 거시적인 관점에서 기온 및 강수량 증가에 따른 물순환 과정을 모의하고, 농업용수, 댐건설, 도시화, 토지이용의 변화 등 인위적인 환경 변화 및 기후변화에 따른 유출량의 변화를 정량화하려는 연구들이 수행되고 있다(한국건설기술원, 2007). 이를 위하여 단기적이 아니라 장기적인 측면에서 유출분석을 할 필요가 있으나, 현재까지 보유하고 있는 실측 자료의 한계 및 이러한 조사를 위해 요구되는 시간 및 비용의 한계 때문에, 유출해석 모형을 주로 이용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 장래 건설예정인 미계측 호소의 유량과 수질을 모의하기 위하여 하천, 하구, 호소 및 해역에 고루 적용할 수 있는 3차원 수리 동력학적인 모델인 EFDC 모형과 시간의 변화에 따른 수질을 모의하는데 가장 널리 이용하는 WASP 모형을 도입하였다. 향후, 내성천의 영주댐 건설과 같은 큰 변화가 발생하였을 기후 변화의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 EFDC와 WASP모형을 이용하여 대상유역에 대한 유출량과 수온의 변화를 통하여 A2, B1 기후변화 시나리오별로 2020년, 2050년, 2080년의 수질(BOD, TN, TP)변화를 분석하여 보았다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. EFDC 및 WASP 모형의 연계를 통한 기후 변화 시나리오에 따른 미래의 저수지 수질예측 모의를 수행한 결과, BOD, TN, TP 등 수질농도 변화는 2020년에서 2080년도로 갈수록 BOD, TN 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, TP농도는 감소하였다. 시나리오별 변화 특성은 TN, TP 농도는 A2 시나리오가 다소 높고, BOD 농도는 B1 시나리오가 A2보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. EFDC와 WASP을 이용하여 미계측 호소에 대한 기후변화 시나리오별로 적용하여 수질변화를 예측하여 보았는데, 향후 기후변화에 따른 기온, 유량변화와 수질 항목간의 상간관계 정립 및 수질 모의의 불확실성 등에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.94-104
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the spatial variation in land use and topographic effects on water quality at the Geum river watershed in South Korea, using the ordinary least squares(OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. Understanding the complex interactions between land use, slope, elevation, and water quality is essential for water pollution control and watershed management. We monitored four water quality indicators -total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen levels - across three land use types (urban, agricultural, and forested) and two topographic features (elevation and mean slope). Results from GWR modeling revealed that land use and topography did not affect water quality consistently through space, but instead exhibited substantial spatial non-stationarity. The GWR model performed better than the OLS model as it produced a higher adjusted $R^2$ value. Spatial variation in interactions among variables could be visualized by mapping $R^2$ values from the GWR model at fine spatial resolution. Using the GWR model, we were able to identify local pollution sources, determine habitat status, and recommend appropriate land-use planning policies for watershed management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

Recently, large-scale projects are required in the water resources sector considering safety and publicitythe due to uncertainty of securing water resources and changes in the ecological environment by climate change. Among these large-scale projects, the projects that fall under the preliminary feasibility study are determined by comprehensive analysis based on economic analysis, policy analysis, and balanced regional development analysis. However, most of the results of the preliminary feasibility study showed a tendency to depend heavily on economic analysis. For this reason, projects in non-metropolitan areas sometimes fail in the preliminary feasibility study. To supplement this point, the Korea Development Institute revised the standard guidelines for preliminary feasibility studies for water resources sector projects that place a high weight on policy feasibility analysis. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the cases of the preliminary feasibility study conducted previously and to suggest the direction of policy analysis in the preliminary feasibility study for water resources sector projects. For this, we analyze preliminary feasibility studies conducted for 18 years from 2002 to 2019, and suggest direction of policy analysis method using the benefit items not included in the economic analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2021

Republic of Korea has many nuclear facilities in the country, and Democratic People's Republic of Korea(North Korea) locates in the surrounding country. Therefore, it is necessary to construct the target facility's nuclear forensic data in a preemptive response to the changing international situation. For this reason, this study suggests "signature" materials used to understand the origins and sources of nuclear and other radioactive materials, taking into account domestic nuclear facilities and the nuclear fuel cycle. In domestic, pressurized light water reactors and pressurized heavy water reactors are in operation, and enriched and natural uranium are used as fuels. In the front-end fuel cycle, the signature materials can be nature uranium and UF6 in the uranium enrichment process. The domestic back-end fuel cycle adopts a non-circulating cycle excluding the reprocessing process, and the primary signature material is spent nuclear fuel. According to IAEA recommendation, the importance of these materials as the signature and characteristic contents are suggested in this study. To prove the integrity of nuclear material and build a national nuclear forensics library, it is necessary to grasp the signature material and acquire the characteristic data considering the domestic nuclear facilities and the nuclear fuel cycle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2021

We conducted a study to identify the relationships between the investigated factors and provide a methodology and generate data by applying deterioration classes to the Seonjaryeong Forest Trail (4.3 km) in the Baekdudaegan Ridge. The average trail width (1.7 m) and bare width (1.4 m) were wider than those obtained in the previous studies. The frequency of trail deterioration was also high. Specific data on deterioration classes were obtained and evaluated using qualitative criteria. Specific data for heavy class stands at 20.1% in trail grade, 13.3 cm on average, and 16.1 cm in the center of erosion depth, 16.2 cm of CSA, 12.3 kg/cm (20.1 mm) on average and maximum 39.3 kg/cm (29.6 mm) of soil hardness. We observed a positive correlation between the deterioration class and trail grade, and the average and maximum soil erosion depths of the hill side were deeper than those of the ridge. The soil hardness data showed a statistically significant difference in terms of the transect site and calculation method (㎏/㎠, mm). Therefore, trail deterioration was observed at the sites having ≥20% trail grade; thus, continuous monitoring at fixed sites over time will be required for sustainability. Furthermore, the trail grade should be of the utmost priority in trail design and management.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-153
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• 2011

This study tries to categorize innovation types for social welfare organizations and investigate the level of innovation in each type in practical field. Firstly, this study scrutinizes the concept and classification's criterias of innovation. Secondly, this study reviews not only classification of innovation in profit organization but also several researches of innovation in service industry and public sectors, and finally, this study makes a suggestion of innovations' classification that is applicable for social welfare organizations. Based on this suggestion, fifteen questions are designed to ask the innovative activities in the organizations. And total 496 respondents from 116 organizations answered these questionnaire. The outcomes of this survey were substantiated by second data through converted procedures to mean value of organizations. Consquently, service innovation, administrative innovation and human resource innovation, proposed based on theoretical review, were subdivided into six categories such as service innovation, structural innovation, internal and efficiency innovation, marketing and communication innovation, external and employment innovation and evalution and mission innovation. The mean value of service(mean=14.7) and marketing innovation(mean=13.3) are higher than other type of innovations, which shows the aspect of innovative activities in social welfare organizations. Based on this result, we can get the directions of following study in investigating innovation of social welfare organization.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.165-181
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• 2002

The purpose of this survey was to assess the nutritional status of preschool children a county of Jeju Island. This study used health examinations results for preschool aged children, performed by the public health center of Pukjeju-gun in Jeju-do for over three years from 1999 to 2001, of children in kindergartens and children homes. The target children totaled 5,990 from the ages three to six. For a control group, 316 children from the nearby Jeju-city areas were included as well. The items of this research included height, weight, and hemoglobin values. 1. The average height of boys from ages three to six were 96.35cm, 102.14cm, 109.94cm, 111.00cm respectively, and girls were 94.96cm, 100.93cm, 108.33cm, 110.54cm respectively. The average weights of boys from ages three to six were 15.42kg, 16.93kg, 19.65kg, 19.67kg respectively, and the weight of girls were 14.90kg, 16.45kg, 18.88kg, 19.50kg respectively. 2. The percentages of children who did not reach 90% of the Korean standard height were 4.3% in boys 4.1% in girls. The percentages of children with less than 80% of the Korean standard weight were 7.6% in boys and 6.8% girls. The percentages of children over 120% of Korean standard weight were 10.4% in boys and 11.4% in girls. 3. As for the obesity level, the percentage of boys under-weighed(under 10% for standard weight for height) were 11.6% and girls, 9.5%, and the percentages of boys and girls with obesity($\geq$20%) were 3.6% and 4.4% respectively. 4. The mean hemoglobin value of boys were 11.83g/$d\ell$ and girls, 11.83g/$d\ell$. These were lower than the value of average normal Korean children (12.5g/$d\ell$). The mena hemoglobin values of the children in Pukjeju-gun were considerably lower than that of the children living in Jeju-city(12.3g/$d\ell$) as well. Anemia of Children of Pukjeju-gun were estimated at 38.1%(male) and 37.2%(female), by using Hemoglobin level(<11.5g/$d\ell$ 5. The rates of children included within the normal range of obesity level in Jeju-city and Pukjeju- gun were boys 80.2%, 71.6% in boys, and 77.4%, 72.4% in girls. The percentage of children living in PukJeju-gun included within the normal range were considerably low. 6. There were no changes in the Body Mass Index (BMI) during the three years from 1999 to 2001, but the percentage of children with anemia significantly increased. Health care for preschool aged children, especially in the rural areas, is very important. Centering on public health centers, it is necessary to systematically promote health care in the rural areas.