• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 2009

In this study, the basic data for calculating the proper construction cost as minimizing the uncertainty at the stage of forecasting construction cost with the basis of the analysis on the actual construction cost within completed domestic public apartment house. In this regard, 23 public apartment houses by each region which were ordered by the Korea National Housing Corporation and completed from 2004 to 2007 were selected as the objects of study. Four works such as common temporary installation, construction work, civil work and machine/equipment work which are the important direct cost items based on the actually inputted and settled construction costs were classified by completion year, region, architectural area, and the distribution type considering inflation rate. The sequent actual construction costs per 3.3m2 were compared and analyzed by each work, the proper construction costs were analogized and the calculating formula were presumed with the basis of average actual construction costs to be analyzed and presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.578-579
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• 2021

According to a survey on the infringement of SMEs, the level of technology protection capability is improving every year, but technology leaks and damage continue to occur. This shows that there is a need for a security management and supervision system that can strengthen the security awareness of SME executives and employees and maintain the security level continuously. The Personal Information & Information Security Management System(ISMS-P) authentication systems is the latest related standard, which has the problem of applying the same certification criteria without considering the types of certification target organizations such as ISPs, IDC, hospitals and schools, and SMEs.. In this paper, 73 evaluation items that can be specialized and applied to SMEs were derived by referring to ISMS-P certification and Personal Information Protection Management System (PIMS) certification. The results of the study show that the number of evaluation items decreased by 28.4% compared to the existing ISMS-P certification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.62-75
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• 2017

This study analyzes the multiple effects of the following three aspects of waterscape facilities within apartment complexes: planning/designing, maintenance/management, and use of the facilities and suggests primary documents that will be fundamental for the methods to accelerate the implementation of waterscape facilities. A survey and analysis was conducted among a few of the most representative private apartment complexes in Seoul in accordance with the management and operation of waterscape facilities. The analysis used frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability test, t-test, and PLS regression analysis. The research findings are as follows: first, the degree of use of waterscape facilities was found to be low regardless of the levels of operation, but residents' preference for the facilities was shown to be high, thus indicating there are still high expectations on the part of residents. Second, regardless of whether the facilities are being operated efficiently, the two items of location and display method under the section of planning and designing and the two items of aptitude and convenience under the section of use were found to positively affect the operation and use of waterscape facilities. Particularly, the item of freshness, cleanliness was shown to be directly and indirectly correlated with obsolescence, administration costs, and noise, which negatively affect the operation. Third, it was found that the administration costs itself that had been shown as the most negative factor of operating landscaping facilities in previous research did not cause problems in the residential area where the facilities are not operated efficiently. The finding suggests that the administration costs do not matter but that in the case of experience- and entertainment-typed facilities that residents want, they are linked to problems that do not introduce the desired facilities. Fourth, it was found that various aspects of planning, designing, maintaining, and using facilities interconnect and affect one another in the process of operating and using waterscape facilities resulting in the need to have a comprehensive approach to these three factors of planning, design, maintenance, management, and utilization. This study proposes that the needs and values of residents should be reflected to activate the introduction of landscaping facilities in the apartment complexes.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.139-149
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of BTL(Build Transfer Lease) projects through comparative analysis on running costs, focusing on primary school, junior and senior high school education facilities, and then to provide useful information on the estimation of running costs by suggesting valid cost criteria. For this, eight schools from A and B consulting firms were sampled from capital region and other areas. Sampled schools were classified into four categories according to school grade, and running cost data are collected and analyzed from relative view points. The results of this study are as follows: 1) running costs which are analyzed by categories show some difference among sub-items, 2) major problems related to running cost prediction of BTL projects are revealed and improvement schemes are suggested for two groups (Owner and Project applicants).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

This study was wanted to select a value evaluation item to maintain the authenticity of the Planting Landscape in Hahoe and Yangdong villages. Above all, after checking the suitability of the 43 selected items by the Focus Group Interview, the weight was calculated in the Analytic Hierarchy Process expert questionnaire to establish the importance of the indicators for the development of the assessment items. The expert analysis analyzed the importance of 2 sections, 6 divisions and 11 detailed categories, and summarized the results of the study as follows : First, the comparative importance of each category and selection of the assessment items for the stabilization of the Planting Landscape of Hahoe and Yangdong indicated that cultural values are more important than biological values. In particular, details of the biological values of trees were derived with relatively low estimates, except for the specific characteristics of species and items of type of tree. Second, as a result of verification of the suitability of the 43 items selected by the Focus Group Interview, the source diameter, the collection width, reception, flushing, supersonality, records, memorials, 11 items were selected, Third, the results of the importance evaluation of the value properties for maintaining the resistance of vegetation through the Analytic Hierarchy Process were : specific in biological values (0.187), steady (0.094), and water pipe width (2007). There was relatively little difference in the highest weights, the width of the pipe except for the lowest value received, and the source diameter flushing. Fourth, the results of an evaluation of the importance of a value property aimed at historical values were whether or not the cultural asset was designated (0.134), the record value (0.092), the time (0.088), and the monument (0.063). In terms of the importance of evaluating the historical values of Planting sites consisting of Hahoe and Yangdong, the importance of designation of cultural properties was considered to be relative to the maintenance of the Planting Landscape including culture and history. Based on the assessment items and weighted values of the Planting Landscape of Yangdong Village and the World Cultural Heritage below and below, this study's Analytic Hierarchy Process can be applied to actual criteria for the assessment of the authenticity of trees in the village. Based on the assessment items and weighted values of the Planting Landscape in Hahoe and Yangdong villages, a follow-up study on the assessment standards for the authenticity of trees in the village will be left as a future task.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.274-282
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate factory workers' knowledge of sanitation management of school foodstuffs and sanitation practices. A questionnaire that identified employees' food safety sanitation management knowledge and practices was developed based on a review of literature. Subjects consisted of 221 factory workers employed at 34 factories in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. Almost half of the factory workers were 40~49 years of age (45.7%), 34.8% had 1~3 years of work experience, 62.4% of the respondents received food safety education 1~2 times a month and 75.1% of the respondents were satisfied with sanitation education. However, the total score for factory worker sanitation knowledge was low: 4.63/9. Sanitation performance was self-evaluated using a Likert 5-point scale. The total mean score for the factory workers' sanitation performance was 4.63/5. Satisfaction level and the amount of sanitation education, application of sanitation knowledge, attitude regarding sanitation management, and sanitation management performance level were significantly high among workers employed in a HACCP certification facility (p<0.05). The difficulties were found to be sanitation management and the time to deliver food to schools. To instill a sense of duty and pride among workers and to ensure that the food suppliers provide best-quality school foodstuffs safely, school dietitians and factory managers must actively educate workers in safe food handling and sanitation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.8 no.3 s.24
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• pp.37-42
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• 2004

This study established a catastrophic scenario and a likely scenario by qualitative and quantitative risk assessments to consider climate condition with season, and assessed efficiency of safety management cost with scenarios by cost-benefit analysis. As results, the catastrophic scenario was the maintenance error for unsteady state operation, and the likely scenario was the gas release accident at node $\sharp$4 of HAZOP Also, benefit/cost ratios for total safety management cost and effective items of safety management could be assessed at each scenario.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

Occupational safety and health management expense in construction industry means the monetary amount that the purchaser appropriates to prevent various disaster from happening during the construction period by setting aside a certain amount from subcontract based on the construction type and scale. The current appropriation standard of the Ministry of Employment and Labor has been enforced since its stipulation in 1988 although various policy changes for the safety in construction industry, e.g. the development of occupational safety management techniques in construction industry, changes in construction field site environment, cost depreciation, etc., are happening in Korea and overseas. Therefore, it is required at this point to examine whether the current occupational safety and health management expense appropriation is proper or not on the basis of time trend and the changes in the construction industry environment. Accordingly, this study aims at investigating the appropriation of occupational safety and health management expense for construction industry by the construction type and target expense in response to current construction industry environment and proposing the proper appropriation. The above research result proposes the calibration of the appropriation as specified and stipulated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor by the construction type and target expense, which is necessary to reflect the actual condition of the current construction industry environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze people who applied for and passed engineer landscape architecture examination that had been conducted from 2007 to 2016, the test frequency and trends by the question types in the landscape structure construction and management area, and the test tendencies and features by question types, and thereby to find the test trends for landscape structure construction and management in engineer landscape architecture examination. the analysis results are presented as follows: The people who applied for and passed engineer landscape architecture examinations that had been conducted from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. as a result, the numbers of applicants and those who passed the examination have been on the decrease from 2011 and from 2012, respectively. the 10-year average rate of successful applicants for engineer landscape architecture examination was 11.2%. The test frequency and trends by the question types in the landscape structure construction area, and the test tendencies and features were analyzed. as a result, based on the key words in the seven categories (construction plan & process management, landscape materials, landscape planting foundation, work classification based construction, landscape estimation, basic structural mechanics, and survey), the questions about work classification based construction accounted for the largest, or 25.2%, and the questions about landscape planting foundation accounted for 3.3%. therefore, landscape planting foundation had lower test frequency and was less important than other categories. The test frequency and trends by the question types in the landscape management area, and the test tendencies and features were analyzed. as a result, based on the key words in the nine categories (operation and use & maintenance, pruning management, fertilization management, weed management, irrigation and drainage management, wintering management, pest management, and lawn management, and landscape facility management), the questions about operation and use & maintenance accounted for the largest, or 37.2%, and the numbers of the questions about fertilization management and irrigation & drainage management and of the questions about waterscape facility of landscape facility management have been on the increase from 2011 and from 2015, respectively. According to the analysis on the test tendencies for landscape structure construction and management areas in the examination there have been questions in a wide range and variety of categories. in terms of the landscape structure construction area, the frequency of questions in work classification based construction, landscape materials, and excellent quality in terms of the landscape management area, the frequency of questions in fertilization management, irrigation & drainage management, and waterscape facility of landscape facility management tends to increase because of environmental factors like climate change.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the difference of Importance and Performance Related service management and feeding practices of teachers at mealtime in childcare centers. Methods: In December, 2013, questionnaires were completed by teachers working at childcare centers in Geumcheon-gu, Seoul. A total of 179 teachers responded to questions regarding perceived importance and degree of performing related service management and feeding practices at mealtime in childcare centers. Factor analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) were used. Results: Four factors including 11 items were represented by factor analysis: 'Personal hygiene management', 'Feeding practice', 'Food material management', and 'Service at serving foods'. For 'Personal hygiene management', scores for perception on importance and performance were 4.42 and 3.84 points of 5 that were the lowest among factors. As a result of IPA, teachers were aware of the importance and performed well, 'Encouraging and praising children's eating habits at mealtime', 'Giving thanks before and after a meal', and 'Sitting and eating with children at mealtime' belonged to 'Feeding practice'; whereas they were not aware of the importance and performed insufficiently, 'Wearing the hygiene hat for serving foods', 'Wearing disposable gloves for serving foods', and 'Wearing the apron for serving foods' belonged to 'Personal hygiene management'. Conclusion: For children's health and safety in foodservice at childcare centers, personal hygiene management is very important when cooking as well as serving food. The results suggest that education targeting personal hygiene management is necessary for management of hygiene by teachers while serving food in childcare centers. In addition, guidelines on service management and feeding practice are needed for teachers working at childcare centers.