• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2011

In this paper, a newsynchronization technique applied to burst-mode communication is proposed. A synchronization technique is to estimate carrier frequency and phase offsets in a noisy channel environment. A fundamental problem for estimating the parameters(carrier phase and frequency offsets) in burst-mode transmission is that the ways of pursuing estimation accuracy and transmission efficiency are always trade-off. To solve this problem, a new carrier recovery technique is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency with reliable performance especially at low S/N. In the proposed technique, the synchronization parameters are first estimated based on a data-aided feed-forward estimation scheme. Then, a phase tracker using decision-directed DPLL estimates the phase offset for the data portion of the burst data. From simulation results, it shows fast synchronization with shorter preamble maintaining reasonable BER performance at low S/N.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.819-827
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• 2013

Compared to legacy frequency hopping communications, future radio communications are required the secure and high data rate, ad-hoc network communication. In this paper, we have designed the network communication structure on the frequency hopping mode, and analyzed the performance of synchronization on the frequency hopping network radio systems. The design results are shown the initial sync. phase of approximately 9 hops and the traffic packet phase of approximately 30 hops. Also, we have simulated the performance on the communication conditions which are carrier bandwidth of 50kHz, user data rate of 64kbps and OQPSK modulation scheme in AWGN. In the simulation, we analyzed the correlation and the performance of synchronization success. The result of simulation show 99% probability for synchronization success at $E_b/N_o$ -4dB.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1497-1500
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• 2004

현재 사용되고 있는 CDMA 망에서 새로이 도입하고자 하는 동기식 IMT-2000과 비동기식 IMT-2000인 WCDMA을 제공하고자 하는 사업체들은 기지국 증설의 장소와 비용부담, 시스템 업그레이드 등의 유지보수 문제로 인해 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이를 해결 하기 위해 많은 회사 혹은 연구소에서 해결 방안을 연구 중이며 모든 이동통신을 하나의 시스템으로 서비스 할 수 있는 방법으로 SDR 기법이 많이 논의 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주로 DSP 기술을 응용하여 SDR 기법을 시스템에 적용하여 하나의 시스템에서 소프트웨어 업데이트만으로 시스템의 물리계층을 제어하여 시스템의 유연성을 가지게 하는 구현방안을 CDMA/WCDMA을 중심으로 제시하였다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.485-495
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• 2000

The parallel computer system that uses parallel program on the application such as a large scale business or complex operation is required. One of crucial operation of parallel computer system is synchronization. A representative method of synchronization is barrier synchronization. A barrier forces all process to wait until all the process reach the barrier and then releases all of the processes. There are software schemes, hardware scheme, or combinations of these mechanism to achieve barrier synchronization which tends to use hardware scheme. Besides, barrier synchronization lets parallel computer system fast because it has fewer start-up overhead. In this paper, we propose a new switch module that can implement fast and fault-tolerant barrier synchronization in hardware scheme. A proposed barrier synchronization is operated not in full-switch-driven method but in processor-driven method. An effective barrier synchronization is executed with inexpensive hardware supports. Therefore, a new proposed hardware barrier synchronization is designed that it is operated in arbitrary network topology. In this paper, we only show comparison of barrier synchronization on Multistage Interconnection Network. This research results in 24.6-24.8% reduced average delay. Through this result, we can expect lower average delay in irregular network.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.219-231
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• 2005

Many applications in cluster computing require QoS (Quality of Service) services. Since performance predictability is essential to provide QoS service, underlying systems must provide predictable performance guarantees. One way to ensure such guarantees from network subsystems is to generate global schedules from applications'network requests and to execute the local portion of the schedules at each network interface. To ensure accurate execution of the schedules, it is essential that a global time base must be maintained by local clocks at each network interface. The task of providing a single time base is called a synchronization problem and this paper addresses the problem for system area networks. To solve the synchronization problem, FM-QoS (1) proposed a simple synchronization mechanism called FBS(Feedback-Based Synchronization) which uses built-in How control signals. This paper extends the basic notion of FM-QoS to a theoretical framework and generalizes it: 1) to identify a set of built-in network flow control signals for synchrony and to formalize it as a synchronizing schedule, and 2) to analyze the synchronization precision of FBS in terms of flow control parameters. Based on generalization, two application classes are studied for a single switch network and a multiple switch network. For each class, a synchroniring schedule is proposed and its bounded skew is analyzed. Unlike FM-QoS, the synchronizing schedule is proven to minimize the bounded skew value for a single switch network. To understand the analysis results in practical networks, skew values are obtained with flow control parameters of Myrinet-1280/SAN. We observed that the maximum bounded skew of FBS is 9.2 Usec or less over all our experiments. Based on this result, we came to a conclusion that FBS was a feasible synchronization mechanism in system area networks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.356-367
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying dimensions of push and pull motivators for Soraksan, Kayasan, Naejangsan, and Pukhansan national parks in mountain regions. This study also examined the nature and extent of the reciprocal relationship between the push and pull factors. The result showed that four dimensions were derived from 12 push items, which were cultural and natural experience, escape and rest, health, and socialization and novelty motivators. Three dimensions also were derived from 12 pull items, which were facilities and culture, nature, and accessibility. The push and pull dimensions were correlated and regressed against each other. Given the nature of relationship between the push and pull factors, facilities and culture pull factor was affected by the cultural and natural experience motivation. Nature pull factor had strongly associated with culture and nature, escape and rest, health, and socialization and novelty motivations. Finally, accessible attraction pull factor had a positive relationship with health motivator, however, had a negative with cultural and natural experiencing motivation.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.674-681
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 MHEG을 기반으로 한 원격 교육/훈련 시스템으 설계한다. 설계하는 시스템은 코스웨어를 제공하고, 비동기모드로 브라우징하여 개별 학습을 지원하던 기존 시스템과는 달리 , 교육적 효과를 높이기 위해 비동기 방식과 동기 방식을 동시에 수용할수 있도록 설계하였다. 특히 동기 방식은 사용자 공동 작업 환경을 위한 세션 관리 모듈을 두어 실시간 화상 강의 응용에서 학습자 및 세션 제어에 대한 연산을 제공함으로써 학습 효율을 향상시킬수 있으며, MHEG 표준을 도입하여 학습자와의 실시간 상호 작용을 충분히 지원함으로써 훈련 시스템에서의 시뮬레이션 지원 능력을 극대화 할수 있도록 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.197-209
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to develop of measured scales for purchasing motivation of inbound tourists about fashion goods. A self-administrated questionnaire survey method was conducted among foreign tourists visited in Dongdaemun market. Data from 615 of inbound tourists were analysed by using factor analysis. As the results of the survey, 6 factors related purchasing motivation were derived; satisfaction, practicality, fashion, memory of tourism, eonomy and impromptu. The adequate indexes were shown from final models, such as RMR=.047, SMSEA =.043, CFI=.935, GFI=.956, AGFI=.937 and NFI=.888. It means that these values are appropriate to the measured scales for purchasing motivation of inbound tourists for fashion goods.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.967-973
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 신뢰할 수 없는 고장추적 장치로 구성된 비동기적 분산 시스템 하에서 선출(election) 문제와 합의(consensus) 문제의 관련성에 관하여 연구하고자 한다. 먼저 선출 문제는 합의 문제보다 더욱 어려운 문제임을 보인다. Chandra와 Toueg는 [8]에서 합의 문제는 비동기적 분산 시스템에서 신뢰할 수 없는 고장 추적 장치(unreliable failure detector)를 이용하여 해결 할 수 있음을 언급하였다. 그러나, 합의 문제와는 대조적으로 선출 문제는 시스템 상에서 단 한 개의 노드가 죽은 경우에도 신뢰 할 수 없는 고장 추적 장치를 이용하여 선출 문제를 해결할 수 없다. 이는 선출 문제는 합의의 문제보다 더욱 어려운 문제임을 의미한다. 보다 엄격하게 표현하자면, 선출 문제를 해결하는데 필요한 가장 약한 고장 추적 장치 (perfect failure detector) 이어야 하는 것으로, 이는 합의 문제를 해결하는데 필요한 가장 약한 고장 추적 장치보다 확실히 강한 것이다. 선출 문제가 합의 문제보다 어렵다는 것을 보이기 위해 축소(reduction) 프로토콜을 이용한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1999

배리어 프리미티브는 병렬 프로그램을 수행할 때 계산에 참여한 프로세서들 사이에 동기화를 위하여 사용된다. 그러나 배리어에 일찍 도착한 프로세서들은 나머지 프로세서들이 배리어에 도착할 때 까지 배리어에서 기다리게 되므로 프로세서들의 활용율이 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 배리어 대기시간의 원인들을 찾기 위하여 병렬 프로그램들을 다양한 그레인 크기들로 수행하였다. 모든 프로세서들이 동일한 개수의 그레인들을 수행함에도 불구하고 그레인 크기에 따라 변화되는 명령어들과 캐쉬 실패들은 배리어 대기 시간에 영향을 미치고 있음을 시험한다. 또한 배리어에서의 맹목적 대기시간을 감소시키기 위하여 동기화 기능을 두 단계로 나누어 수행하는 두 단계 배리어를 제안한다. 모의 실험 결과는 병렬 프로그램의 그레인 크기는 배리어 대기시간에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주며 또한 제안된 두단계 배리어가 기존의 배리어 프리미티브보다 배리어에서의 대기시간을 줄여주고 있음을 보여준다.