• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.877-882
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• 2015

This study was carried out treatment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to increase of survival rate of acclimated plants of strawberry's in vitro plantlets through bioreactor culture. We used PEG with molecular weight 6000 (PEG 6000) in this study. Concentration of PEG is non-treatment, 5, 10, 15, and $20g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each bioreactor. $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG was treated at $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, and $5^{th}$ week during culture. We investigated growth characteristics of in vitro plantlets after 6 weeks cultivation. Growth amount of all PEG treatment decreased as compared to non-treatment. The more concentration increased, the more plant growth decreased. In $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG, shoot length was shorter than non-treatment that shoot length was 7.9 cm and especially fresh weight that is 1.6 g was more decrease than non-treatment. Shoot length was ranged 3.0-3.9 cm at $1^{st}$ week treatment to $4^{th}$ week treatment of $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ PEG. The shoot length was not significant by 5.3 cm at $5^{th}$ week treatment. The survival rate was improved 5.4% at the treatment of $4^{th}$ week and was improved 8.7% at the $5^{th}$ week as compared to non-treatment. In order to improve of survival rate of strawberry' in vitro plantlets through bioreactor culture, the method is suitable that adding $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG in the medium and $5^{th}$ week's treatment is suitable.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.612-620
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• 2000

In developing soil wetting agent using polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether [$C_8H_{17}O(C_2H_4O)_{10}H$, POE], the effect of mixtures of POE and polyoxyethylene+polypropyleneoxide tridecylether (1:1, w/w, CM-1), polyoxyethylene+polypropyleneoxide tridecylether+propyleneglycol monomethylether (1:1:2, w/w/w, CM-2) or glycerin+ditridecyl phthalate (1:1, w/w, CM-3) on changes of concentration of POE, initial wetting, evaporative water loss, water infiltration, and changes of physical properties in root media were determined. The mixtures of POE and CM-1, 2, or 3 with zeolite or vermiculite as carrier had high concentrations of POE in root media during 6 elution times, but those after 6 times decreased rapidly indicating unstable elution of POE. The commercial AquaGro was more effective than the mixtures of POE+CM-1, 2, or 3 in water retention during 18 hours. Root media incorporated with POE+CM-2 held more water than any other treatments at 84 hours after watering, but the differences among treatments except control were not significant. In the treatments with zeolite as a carrier, POE+CM-3 had the greatest evaporative water loss followed by POE+CM-2, AquaGro, control, and POE+CM-2. In the treatments with vermiculite as a carrier, POE+CM-1 had the highest evaporative water loss followed by POE+CM-3, AquaGro, control, and POE+CM-2. In the effect of mixtures with zeolite as a carrier on infiltration of water into root media, the treatment of POE+CM-1 had the highest amount of water infiltrated followed by POE+CM-3, AquaGro, POE+CM-2, and control. In the effect of mixtures with vermiculite as a carrier on infiltration of water into root media, the treatment of POE+CM-3 had the highest amount of water infiltrated followed by AquaGro, POE+CM-1, POE+CM-2, and control.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.829-842
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• 2003

In this Paper, we propose the new face detection and tracking method based on template matching for real-time applications such as, teleconference, telecommunication, front stage of surveillance system using face recognition, and video-phone applications. Since the main purpose of paper is to track a face regardless of various environments, we use template-based face tracking method. To generate robust face templates, we apply wavelet transform to the average face image and extract three types of wavelet template from transformed low-resolution average face. However template matching is generally sensitive to the change of illumination conditions, we apply Min-max normalization with histogram equalization according to the variation of intensity. Tracking method is also applied to reduce the computation time and predict precise face candidate region. Finally, facial components are also detected and from the relative distance of two eyes, we estimate the size of facial ellipse.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity in induced vetch cultivars at paddy field of Cheonan (National Institute of Animal Science) and Naju (Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension) from 2004 to 2006. The vetch cultivars used in this study were 6 varieties ('VV4712', 'Welta', 'Penn-02', 'Ostsaat', 'Oregon com.', 'Sander 2'). At the Naju region, the most fast flowering date variety was Chinese milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 20th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 21.7%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Oregon com.' showed the highest DM yield by 5,406 kg/ha but the DM yield of 'Ostsaat' was low by 4,852 kg/ha. At the Cheonan region, the most fast flowering date variety was Korean milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 25th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 16.9%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' showed the highest DM yield by 2,173 kg/ha and 1,883 kg/ha respectively, but the DM yield of 'VV4712' was low by 1,079 kg/ha. Crude protein (CP) content of vetch was 11.5%. 'Sander 2' showed the highest CP content by 14.4% and Chinese milk vetch showed the highest content by 19.3%. Average acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content were 26.8%, 42.2% and 67.5%, respectively. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of vetch cultivar varied from winter hardness, therefore we will consider the winter hardness as main factor when induce vetch cultivars. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Oregon com.' at the Naju region and 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' at the Cheonan region would be recommendable for fall sown 'vetch' for dry matter production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1458-1464
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develope a new type of ready-to-eat smoked Sebastes schlegeli product with high acceptability and extended shelf-life. A Sebastes schlegeli was salted at 4% salt concentration for 6 hr at $4^{\circ}C$. The cold smoking conditions for the salted Sebastes schlegeli consisted of drying for 2 hr at $22{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ followed by smoking for 2 hr at $22{\sim}24^{\circ}C$. The warm smoking conditions for the salted Sebastes schlegeli consisted of drying for 2 hr at $22{\sim}24^{\circ}C$, smoking for 2 hr at $22{\sim}24^{\circ}C$, and smoking again for 30 min at $47{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The rancidity of the smoked Sebastes schlegeli did not change after 1 year storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ by monitoring the iodine value, peroxide value, and acid value. The number of viable cells in the cold and warm smoked samples were counted as $7.4{\times}10^5$ and $6.2{times}10^5$ CFU/g, respectively. Viable cells were not detected after 1 year of storage at $-20^{\circ}C$. The sensory evaluations of the processed Sebastes schlegeli showed that elastic texture increased with smoking as compared to with salting. There were no significant differences between cold and warm smoking in terms of sweetness, elastic texture, color, and smoke flavor. However, for overall acceptability, preference were in the oder of cold smoked, warm smoked, and salted.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.560-563
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• 2020

Cold plasma has been applied to improve quality of food product; however, studies on its effects on microbial and physicochemical qualities of rice noodles are rarely conducted. In this study, changes in the quality characteristics of rice noodles treated by cold plasma were determined. Cold plasma was generated in a square-shaped plastic container (250 W, 15 kHz, ambient air), and dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatments were applied to rice noodle samples for 0, 10, or 20 min. Rice noodles inoculated with either Bacillus cereus or Escherichia coli O157:H7 were subjected to plasma treatment for 20 min, and the approximate bacterial count reduction were 4.10 and 2.75 log CFU/g, respectively. The Hunter color values of the sample were increased after cold plasma treatment. Peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were increased with an increase in cold plasma treatment time. Futhermore, lipid oxidation was enhanced. Although further studies are warranted to evaluate changes in chemical qualities, such as lipid oxidation of rice noodles, induced by cold plasma, the results suggest that cold plasma can improve the microbial and physical qualities of rice noodles.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 2015

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of various root media on the growth of mother and daughter plants during propagation and early yield after transplanting of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. To achieve this, daughter plants were fixed to connected small pots that contained expanded rice-hull (ERH), a strawberry-specialized commercial medium (SSCM), soil mother materials (SMM), or loamy sand (LS). Then, growth of daughter plants in above- and below-ground tissue as well as early yield after transplanting to plastic house soil were investigated. The growth of daughter plants in terms of plant height, leaf area and fresh weight were the highest in the SSCM treatment. Root growth in terms of the amount of primary roots and root dry weight were the highest in the treatments of ERH and SMM and the lowest in that of SSCM, among treatments tested. The ERH treatment also showed the highest values among treatments in root length, surface area and volume when roots with 0 to 0.4 mm in diameter were investigated. The flower bud differentiation of daughter plants began on Sept. 3 in the ERH treatments, earlier than the SMM (Sept. 5) and in SSCM (Sept. 7) treatments. The tissue N contents of daughter plants were in the range of 1.41 to 1.55% in all treatments, and no significant differences were observed among treatments. This indicates that the low moisture retention capacity of ERH and water stress, rather than tissue N contents, promote the flower differentiation of daughter plants. In the evaluation of early yield after transplant, the ERH treatment of showed the highest yield in the period from November to December, reaching 667 g fruit weight per 10 plants. The yields per 10 plants in the other treatments were 581 g in SMM, 475 g in SSCM and 295 g in LS. Above results imply that the various root media have different effects on the growth of daughter plants as well as flower bud differentiation. Therefore, improvement in early yield after transplant can be achieved through selection of proper root medium for daughter plant propagation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grown at three planting times during the uncultivated period of strawberry. Cherry tomato was planted under condition filled with strawberry dedicated culture medium on a two-story bed with April 20, April 30, and May 10 at 2015. Fruit harvest was completed on July 31. The supply concentration of nutrient solution at the time of transplanting was started as EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and it was gradually increased to EC $2.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after blooming of the first flower cluster. Netherlands PBG solution was supplied for one minute six times per day. The heights of cherry tomato plants planted at earlier were significantly greater than those of tomato plants planted later. The heights of cherry tomato plants grown at the bottom of the bed were greater than those grown in the upper bed. The yield of cherry tomatoes planted on April 20 at the bottom of the bed was greatest with an average of 2,954 g of tomatoes per plant. There were no significant differences in the average weight and sugar content of fruit according to planting times and bed position. The yield of cherry tomato plants planted on April 20 was 18% and 34% higher than that of plants planted on April 30 and May 10. We confirmed to increase the yield of the cherry tomato when early plants planted on two-story bed. These results indicate that farmers can choose the best period of producing cherry tomato during the un-cultivated period of strawberry under two-story bed conditions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of glucosinolates (GSL) in kale at various development stages. Kale varieties 'Manchoo Collard' and 'TBC' were cultivated from 20 February 2012 to 3 July 2013 in the greenhouse at Chungnam National University. During the cultivation periods, samples were harvested at 35, 63, 91, 105, 119, and 133 days after sowing (DAS) and the amount of GSL quantified by HPLC. Ten types of GSL (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucoiberverin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, and neoglucobrassicin) were observed in 'TBC', whereas nine types of GSL (the same as above, except glucoiberverin) were identified in 'Manchoo Collard'. The amount of total GSL in 'Manchoo Collard' was comparatively higher at 133 DAS (mean $8.64{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and lower at 35 DAS ($1.16{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight, DW) of cultivation. In the case of 'TBC', the amount of GSL was higher at 91 DAS (mean $13.41{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and lower at 35 DAS ($0.31{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight, DW). Sinigrin was the most abundant GSL (57% of total GSL) in 'Manchoo Collard' at 133 DAS and was also highest (44%) in 'TBC' at 91 DAS. Together, progoitrin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin, the precursor of crambene, allylisothiocyanate, indol-3-cabinol, and phenethylisothiocyanate accounted for 94 and 78% of GSL in 'Manchoo Collard' and 'TBC', respectively. Our results demonstrate that the amounts of GSL, which have potential anti-carcinogenic activity, change during development in kale.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-219
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• 2016

Incandescent (INC) lamps have been commonly used to promote flowering of long-day (LD) plants during short-day (SD) seasons, but production of INC lamps has been prohibited due to their low energy efficiency. One of the light sources replacing INC lamps is a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). This study was carried out to compare the flowering and morphological responses of LD annuals grown in a controlled environment greenhouse at $20^{\circ}C$ with a truncated 9-h SD and a 2- or 4-h night interruption (NI) or 6-h day extension (DE) provided by lighting from INC lamps, CFLs, or a combination of the two (INC + CFLs), in which red (R) to far-red (FR) ratios were 0.60, 8.46, and 0.91, respectively, and their PPFDs were $2.3{\pm}0.3{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. After 12 weeks of treatment, $Petunia{\times}hybrida$ 'Wave Purple' plants did not flower under the SD photoperiod whereas 100% flowered under all of the LD treatments. Flowering was more rapid under the INC or INC + CFL lighting treatments compared to CFL and DE, and 4-h NI enhanced flowering compared to 2-h NI. In addition, plants under DE and 4h-NI generally flowered earlier than under 2-h NI. All petunia 'Single Dreams Red' plants flowered within 65 days after treatment, and flowering was hastened by some LD lighting regimens and lamp types. Plants under DE and 4h-NI generally flowered earlier than under 2-h NI INC or INC + CFL compared to FL, and flowering time under INC 6-h DE was earliest. In addition, INC lighting promoted stem elongation of both petunia cultivars. In both pansy (Viola${\times}wittrockiana$) 'Coiossus Yellow' and 'Delta Blue Blotch', LD treatments, especially using INC lamps, promoted flowering whereas the lighting period had little influence on days to flowering. Therefore, INC or INC + CFL with lower R:FR promoted flowering and stem extension and the promoting effect was larger with longer lighting periods. These results suggest that CFLs can be used to provide LDs to promote the flowering of petunia and pansy and to reduce stem elongation, although the promoting effect on flowering is sometimes less than that of INC lamps alone.