• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.431-438
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• 2010

This study was designed to identify the relationship between emotional labor and reaction factor(job satisfaction, fatigue), buffer factor(social support) among dental hygienist. The number of respondents was 50 who work in dental clinic and period of investigation was march 2010 through April 2010. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the level of participants' sociodemographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, emotional labor and self-perceived fatigue, job satisfaction, social support. While the mean values of emotional labor were higher than thosewho work in hospital and lower than those who work in service employees. These results suggest that emotional labor was related to an increase in fatigue and strong correlation between involuntary emotional expression, self-perceived fatigue, job satisfaction, social support in dental hygienist. Multiple regression analysis has found that social support and no. of personnel were main factors that influence to the level of emotional labor in dental hygienist. The results of this study suggest that emotional labor was a determinant predictor of self perceived fatigue. Thus, a management program for emotional labor is strongly recommended for promotion of quality of life in dental hygienist and to improve dental service and competitiveness.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

In scientific argumentation, students can use rebuttals to escape uncertainty, which, in this case, can be defined as a vague and fuzzy feeling about other students' explanations. As rebuttals can play a critical role in the sophistication of arguments and the alleviation of uncertainty, this study aims to understand the dynamics of uncertainty and rebuttals by exploring the context of the uncertainty experienced by elementary school students in the argumentation of "Why did the kidney beans not germinate?" and to get insights based on the research results. Twenty fourth-grade students and their homeroom teacher in Kyong-Ki province, South Korea, took part in the research. Students engaged in argumentation in five small groups of four students. The researcher collected qualitative data through video transcriptions, student interviews, and field notes. In the data analysis, the researcher employed the constant comparative method to explore in what context students experienced uncertainty and how they used rebuttals. The results of this study were as follows: First, students tried to reduce their uncertainty through argumentation on why the kidney beans did not germinate. Second, students used elaboration-oriented rebuttals, personal opinion-oriented rebuttals, and blame-oriented rebuttals to reduce this uncertainty. However, when they used blame-oriented rebuttals, their uncertainty and negative emotions increased. Third, intervention by the teacher led students to stop using blame-oriented rebuttals. Instead, they employed elaboration-oriented rebuttals to explore why the kidney beans would not sprout, and finally, they escaped uncertainty by discovering an appropriate explanation. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher discussed how the interaction between uncertainty and elaboration-oriented rebuttals could shape and facilitate argument development in elementary school students.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.456-465
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational effects of an animation materials developed with the macroscopic particle moving sight. The 11 animations developed by the researchers showed the movements of molecules, ions, and electrons. The materials were developed for teachers to use when they taught "electrochemical cell' unit. The subjects were 151 students of 9th grade who were divided into the experimental and control group and were taught during 16 hours. In order to figure out the characteristics of each student before the instructions, a short-version GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Thinking) and the pretest of conceptions were carried out. After the instructions, students tested 3 types of exam; the posttest of conceptions, attitude test connected with science, cognition test. After 4 months later, students tested the posttest of conceptions agin for long-term memory effect. It was found that the exper-imental group using the developed animation materials had significantly higher scores of conceptual understanding than control group. The experimental group had also significantly higher scores of the long-term memory test and attitude test than control group. The results mean that animation materials which shows the macroscopic particle movement help stu-dents to understand scientific concepts and to elevate interests.

• Journal of the Korea Knowledge Information Technology Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.327-339
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• 2018

This study is on the elderly people's use and experience of pet robots (companion robots). Applying companion robots for the elderly's daily lives can enhance their quality of life. Leisure is main activity of the elderly who are out of work. Therefore, the quality and diversity of leisure can affect the quality of their life. Companion Robots could provide them with more advanced and interesting experiences. Around the world, population aging becomes one of the most important trends in each country. The social and economic burden of aging is serious challenge on sustainability of the world, including S. Korea. The authors examine use of Companion Robots for elderly (from 50 years old to 90 years old). In this experiment, the authors study and measure many factors including system quality, interface quality, displeasure, enjoyment, willingness to reuse, perception on new technology. In regression analysis, intimacy(t=-2.006, p<.05) is significant factor on displeasure of Companion Robot. In another regression, displeasure of Companion Robot (independent variable) is significant factor on enjoyment(t=-3.327, p<.01) and willingness to reuse(t=-2.636, p<.01). Therefore, when elderly one feels less displeasure of Companion Robot, he/she feels more enjoyment and willingness to reuse. As a result, the elderly who don't familiar to new technology could improve quality of life and leisure activity by using companion robot.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.151-165
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• 2011

Patent information as the innovative index for activity of industry, science and technology reflects the inventive outcome of the nation, region, technology, or company etc.. and is able to be used as a tool evaluating the R&D product and technology diffusion. In this study, the index for analysing the productivity, innovation, and activity of the technology is provided to evaluate the technology in fields of the pharmaceutic, transport, biotechnology, textile, construction, machine parts, information media, and electric/telecommunication, which are becoming the national core technology. As a result of analysis, the technology activity in fields of the construction, pharmaceutic, and biotechnology shows a growing trend which reflect the interest in the quality and the extension of the life, but vice versa in fields of the textile, and information media. The innovation index in fields of the construction, pharmaceutic, and biotechnology index more than average, but vice versa in fields of the information media and electric/telecommunication. In case of technology productivity, more than 2 patentees are included in one patented technology. It has been determined that the technology productivity is decreased because of an increasing number of researcher participating the technology development, which is the recent trend of technology advancement.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.25-50
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• 2017

Declining research competitiveness and inefficiency are constantly being raised in the National Assembly and the media for the Government-funded Research Institutes(GFRIs), which are highly dependent on government funding. These external stakeholders point to the workforce aging of the GFRIs as one of the main causes of inefficiency. They insist that the aging leads to an increase in labor costs, a discontinuity in research, a decrease in employment of new researchers, and a decrease in research competitiveness. However, the GFRIs argue that the aging is a natural phenomenon due to an increase in the age of recruitment, and even if there is an side effect, it is extremely small or even vice versa. It is interesting that there is no empirical study identifying the correlation between the workforce aging and the research performance of the GFRIs, despite the discussion. This study tracked and analyzed the changes of the research performance and the workforce for the five years from 2011 to 2015, and tried to demonstrate the correlation between the workforce aging and the research performance. As a result, we confirmed that there is an inverted U-type correlation between the aging and the papers, one of the research performance, and that the optimal age is 44.96 years. Also, we could not find any correlation between the aging and the patents.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.111-129
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• 2004

This paper develops the argument that the 'Healthy Cities Approach' extends beyond the boundaries of officially designated Healthy Cities and suggests that signs of it are evident much more widely in efforts to promote health in the United Kingdom and in national policy. It draws on examples from Leeds, a major city in the north of England. In particular, it suggests that efforts to improve population health need to focus on the wider determinants and that this requires a collaborative response involving a range of different sectors and the participation of the community. Inequality is recognised as a major issue and the need to identify areas of deprivation and direct resources towards these is emphasised. Childhood poverty is referred to and the importance of breaking cycles of deprivation. The role of the school is seen as important in contributing to health generally and the compatibility between Healthy Cities and Health Promoting Schools is noted. Not only can Health Promoting Schools improve the health of young people themselves they can also develop the skills, awareness and motivation to improve the health of the community. Using child pedestrian injury as an example, the paper argues that problems and their cause should not be conceived narrowly. The Healthy Cities movement has taught us that the response, if it is to be effective, should focus on the wider determinants and be adapted to local circumstances. Instead of simply attempting to change behaviour through traditional health education we need to ensure that the environment is healthy in itself and supports healthy behaviour. To achieve this we need to develop awareness, skills and motivation among policy makers, professionals and the community. The 'New Health' education is proposed as a term to distinguish the type of health education which addresses these issues from more traditional forms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1372-1376
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• 2006

기술개발자 혹은 기술공급자의 예측에만 의존하는 기술의 가치 추정은 과대평가 또는 과소평가될 우려가 있으며, 정확한 기술가치평가를 위해서는 공급측면에서의 분석과 함께 수요측면에서의 가치평가가 요구된다. 이러한 맥락에서 기술을 사용하게 될 잠재적 수요처를 파악할 필요가 있다. 또한 기술의 잠재적 수요처 파악을 통해 기술개발자들은 수요산업에 보다 적합한 제품을 개발하여 기술 가치를 극대화시킬 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구에서는 과학기술부가 시행하는 21C 프론티어 사업의 2단계 주요사업으로 선정된 수자원의 지속적 확보기술개발 사업에서 개발 중인 기술의 수요처 선정을 위한 준비 단계로써 공급지장비용 분석을 포함한 산업연관분석을 사용하여 수자원의 확보 또는 공급지장에 따른 산업부문별 파급효과를 산출하였다. 파급효과의 산업부문별 순위는 용수의 재분배 우선순위의 주요한 참고자료가 될 수 있으나, 공공재인 수자원의 특성과 산업의 특성에 따른 현실적인 제약조건들을 고려해볼 때 직접적으로 기술의 수요처라고 보기는 어렵다. 하지만 파급효과의 순위에 따라 기술의 수요가 발생했을 때 기술의 최대가치가 실현됨은 자명한 사실이며, 개별기술에 대한 사례연구 시에 수요산업의 대략적인 틀을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 기술개발자들이 수요처에 대한 인식을 보다 명확히 함으로써, 정부와 산업체를 통해 실용화될 수 있도록 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 연구결과 산업연관분석을 통해 수도산업의 수요측면 공급측면 파급효과가 산출되었고, 수도의 공급지장으로 인한 파급효과의 순위는 농림수산품 음식료품 제1차금속제품 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 개별기술의 달성가능한 최대가치가 산출되고, 개별기술의 사례연구 시에 설문대상 산업이 선정되어 수자원의 지속적 확보기술의 수요처 선정을 위한 토대가 마련될 것으로 기대한다. 수 있었다. 인공순환에 의한 저감효과가 크지는 않을 것으로 예측된다. 조사 기간중 H호의 현존 식물플랑크톤량의 $60%{\sim}87%$가 수심 10m 이내에 분포하였고, 녹조강과 남조강이 우점하는 하절기에는 5m 이내에 주로 분포하였다. 취수탑 지점의 수심이 연중 $25{\sim}35m$를 유지하는 H호의 경우 간헐식 폭기장치를 가동하는 기간은 물론 그 외 기간에도 취수구의 심도를 표층 10m 이하로 유지 할 경우 전체 조류 유입량을 60% 이상 저감할 수 있을 것으로 조사되었다.심볼 및 색채 디자인 등의 작업이 수반되어야 하며, 이들을 고려한 인터넷용 GIS기본도를 신규 제작한다. 상습침수지구와 관련된 각종 GIS데이타와 각 기관이 보유하고 있는 공공정보 가운데 공간정보와 연계되어야 하는 자료를 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 단계별 구축전략이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 상습침수구역관련 정보를 검색, 처리 및 분석할 수 있는 상습침수 구역 종합정보화 시스템을 구축토록 하였다.N, 항목에서 보 상류가 높게 나타났으나, 철거되지 않은 검전보나 안양대교보에 비해 그 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전략을 개발 및 활용할

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.495-507
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• 2009

As we move into the 21st century, the importance of marine resources is certain to increase due to the accelerated exhaustion of land resources. For the sustainable development of the world, therefore, we need to develop marine chemical bioindustries which enable us to produce industrial chemicals, advanced materials, fuels, and minerals from marine resources such as seaweeds and seawater. In this review, we selected five marine chemical bioindustries which include 1) seaweed polysaccharide industry, 2) marine advanced materials industry, 3) marine biofuel industry, 4) marine sea salt industry, and 5) deep-sea water industry, and discussed the current status and future prospects of each industry sector. It has been assessed that the future of marine chemical bioindustry looks very promising although there are many needs for more intensive research investments on marine bioprocess development through close cooperation between marine biologists and biochemical engineers.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.554-564
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• 1994

세균이 세포내 공생하는 xD strain과 모 세포주인 tD strain Amoeba proteus의 열충격 대응의 차이를 알아 보기 위하여 방사선 동위원소로 표지된 아미노산을 Ca2+_less Chalkley's 용액에서 음작용 경로를 통하여 90분 동안 흡수하게 하고, 저온 및 고온 스트레스에 대하여 새로 합성되는 스트레스 대응 단백질의 양상을 1, 2차원 전기영동 및 자기방사 사진법에 의해서 비교하였다 저온(10"C) 충격에 대응하여 아메바는 두 strain 모두 56.0 kDa, pl 6.0 단백질을 강하게 발현하였으며, xD strain에서는 tD strain과 달리 저온 충격 초기에 66 0 kDa, pl 5.5 단백질의 발현이 중단되었다. 한편 고온(33"C) 열충격에 대하여 두 strain 아메바에서 모두 10여종의 단백질이 새합성되는 것으로 확인되었으며, tD 아메바에는 이들 단백질의 새합성이 완만하게 이루어지는데 비하여 xD 아메바에서는 그중 66.0 kDa 단백질이 고온 대응 단백질로서 신속하게 새합성되는 것으로 나타났다. 이외에도 2차원 전기 영동 분석을 통하여 열충격에 의해서 발현이 촉진되는 다수의 단백질들을 탐지하였다 탐지된 아메바의 열충격 단백질은 분자량에 따라 hsp100군 2종, hsp90군, 3종, hsp70군 및 hsp60군 각 1종, 그리고 small csp군 4종으로 분류해 볼 수 있었다 두 분석의 결과를 종합해 보면 tD 아메바에는 저온 및 고온 충격에 대하여 열충격 단백질의 합성이 완만하게 상승하는 데 비하여 xD strain에서는 신속하게 이루어졌다. 이상의 결과로 보아 아메바의 세포내 공생 세균은 숙주의 열충격 대응기작에 변화를 야기한 것으로 판단된다한 것으로 판단된다. 10mg과 20mg의 estrogen 처리구 사이에 유두 직경, 길이 그리고 용적의 증가량에 있어서는 차이가 없었다. 10mg 및 20mg의 estrogen 처리는 초발정일령을 각각 20일 및 124일 단축시켰다. 전체적으로 이러한 결과는 송아지에 estradiol의 삽입은 성장과 유선 발달을 촉진시키고 초발정일령을 단축시킬수 있다는 것을 강력하게 지적한다. 일치하지 않으므로 더욱 정밀한 조사를 실시하여 분류학상의 위치를 정확히 밝혀 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 생각되었다.연한 도구이자 정신활동으로 보게함으로써, 주제 및 연구방법에서 획일성보다 다양성과 창조성이 강조되고 있다. 그리고 연구에 있어서 주제 의 다양성을 통해 보다 현실생활에 밀접하게 연결되어야 할 필요성은 학문이나 과학의 사회 성에 대한 새로운 인식을 가져다 주고 있다. 이러한 지리교육과정의 좌표의 변화된 측면들 을 고려하여, 지리교육과정의 새로운 방향은 다음의 세가지로 모색될 수 있다. 첫째, 爭點中 心 地理敎育課程이다. 사회쟁점에 대한 접근은 쟁점의 이해와 문제해결에의 지리적 관점의 활용을 통해 학습내용의 시사성과 사실성을 높힐 수 있다. 이때 문제해결능력을 통해 현대 시민의 자질 및 능력을 기를 수 있음은 물론, 다른 한편으로 실제세계 즉 학생의 실생활, 사 회, 국가, 세계에서 일어나는 일들과의 관련성을 갖게 함으로써, 내적 동기화와 외적인 자극 을 강력하게 결합할 수 있을 것이다. 이는 개인적 유관적합성과 사회적 유관적합성을 동시 에 확보하는 데 유리할 것이다. 둘째, 思考中心 地理敎育課程이다. 지리교육은 학생들을 지 식 및 기능의 숙달자가 되도록 할 것이 아니라 기본적 문장해독력의 수준을 넘어 능력있는 사고자로 길러내는 것을 목표로 하여야 한다.