• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2009

We investigated a method to improve anticancer activities of Acer mono by ultra high pressure extraction process. The extract yields by ultra high pressure were 9.49% and 9.87% for 5 min and 15 min processing time, respectively, which were relatively higher than 3$\sim$4% of conventional extraction processes due to their resid bark structure. The extract for 15 minutes extraction (HPE15) showed higher potent scavenging effect as 94.56% than the control, BHA as 93.24%. On SOD-like test, HPE15 also showed the highest activity as 38.6% at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The cytotoxicity of HPE15 on normal human lung and kidney cell were below 23.54% in adding 1.0 mg/mL. Generally, human cancer cell growth stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and liver adenocarcinoma (Hep3B) were inhibited up to 75% with higher selectivity of above 4.0. High antioxidant activity of HPE15 resulted in high anticancer activity, and its activity was also due to higher yields of Acer mono by ultra high pressure extraction process. It was also proved by HPLC comparison analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

This study investigated the beneficial effects of crude saponins from soybean cake on body weight and glucose tolerance in high-fat (37% calories from fat) diet fed C57BL/6 mice. The mice were supplemented with three doses of saponins (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, wt/wt) and 1.0% Garcinia cambogia (wt/wt), positive control for 9 weeks. The body weight, visceral fat weight and epididymal adipocyte area were significantly reduced in the saponin supplemented groups in a dose dependent manner compared to the high-fat group. Saponins did not significantly affect food intake; however, cambogia significantly lowered food intake compared to the high-fat fed control group. The crude saponins from soybean cake supplement significantly lowered plasma leptin, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, whereas they significantly elevated the fecal excretion of triglyceide in a dose dependent manner compared to the high-fat group. Cambogia did not affect the fecal excretion of lipid in the diet-induced obese mice. Supplementation of 1.5% saponin reduced the hepatic triglyceride content compared to the high-fat group. High-fat induced glucose intolerance with the elevation of blood glucose levels compared to the normal group; however, the saponins supplement significantly improved postprandial glucose levels. After 9 weeks of being fed a high-fat diet, the mice presented with significantly increased activities of hepatic fatty acid synthase and fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation; however, saponins and cambogia normalized these activities. These results indicate that saponins from soybean cake exhibit a potential anti-obesity effect and may prevent glucose intolerance by reducing body weight and plasma lipids, increasing fecal lipid excretion and regulating hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat fed mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of excessive sugar, sodium, cholesterol, and saturated fat consumptions by elementary school students through processed food's intake. A survey study was conducted with 384 fourth and sixth grade students and their mothers from two schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The data were analyzed for the frequency analysis, chi-square test and Pearson correlation using the SPSS/Windows (ver. 15.0). Results showed that students consumed high amounts of sugars through processed milk and carbonated beverages, and yogurt. Additionally, they had high sodium and saturated fat levels in their diet through Ramen. There was significant correlation (p<0.01) between mothers' purchasing and students' intake of processed food. Overall, both students and mothers had some knowledge on the impact of sodium on human health. About 50 percent of the respondents did not have accurate information about cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat. More than 50 percent of students and mothers had no nutritional education on the risk of excessive intake of sugar, sodium, cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat. Top twenty percent of the students had 39.7 g of sugar, 940.1 mg of sodium, 17.8 mg of cholesterol, and 11.2 g of saturated fat through processed foods per day on the average. These results suggest that execution of nutritional education about processed food is needed for high risk group of elementary school students and their mothers. Moreover, government must enact the regulation and policy for the food industry to reduce the risky nutrients from children's favorite processed food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1794-1800
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• 2009

This research was performed to acquire dietitians' attitudes toward events marketing at school foodservice operations in the Busan area. A total of 359 questionnaires were distributed to dietitians employed at school foodservice operations in Busan from July 1 to 31, 2006 (response rate: 93%). All dietitians assessed the importance and performance of event marketing at 3.39/5.00 and 2.78/5.00. The elementary and high school had significantly (p<0.01) higher average scores of performance of event marketing than those of the middle school. The contract managed foodservices had significantly (p<0.01) higher average scores of performance of event marketing than those of the independent managed foodservices. In the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), high importance and high performance (B area: doing great) were seasonal event, traditional festival day event, subdivisions of the seasonal event, environment event, school event, the day event and high importance whereas low performance (A area: focus here) was health event. Event marketing increased customer satisfaction and confidence. Therefore, these results suggest that there may be a need to implement special events at school foodservice in order to increase students' satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2018

The effect of $SO_2$ treated pads (Sodium metabisulphate 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg) on the quality of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were investigated. The $SO_2$ treated pads did not affect to weight, moisture loss rate, and soluble solid contents of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices. The color change (${\Delta}E$) of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices after storage for 8 weeks were the highest (value=6.0, 6.2) in control, whereas that was the lowest (value=4.8, 4.7) under $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg condition, respectively. When we measured the browning degree of dried persimmons, they showed O.D. 0.65, 0.57, 0.29, and 0.18 in serial dilution treated pads with $SO_2$ pad 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg. The browning degree data from aforementioned dried persimmons after 8 weeks was similar to that from dried persimmons slices. The decay rate of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices after storage for 8 weeks were the highest (value=33.3%, 36.7%) in control, whereas that was the lowest (value=3.3%, 6.7%) under $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg condition, respectively. The concentration of residual $SO_2$ in dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were detected within a safe range of 15.3~30.0 ppm. Therefore, the shelf-life of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were lengthened in $SO_2$ treated pads (especially in $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg) for inhibiting of browning and decay.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of seed pre-treatments and pellet coating materials to enhance the efficiency of large-scale propagation of Aster koraiensis seeds were investigated. Seeds were immersed in water for one day, and only those that sank were used for pre-treatment to use filled seeds. Pre-treatments were divided into hormone treatments, with gibberellic acid (GA₃; 200 and 500 ppm) and 24-epibrassinolide (10^-6, 10^-7, and 10^-8M), and priming with potassium nitrate (100 mM of KNO₃). To produce pellet-coated seeds, pellet materials (DTCS or DTK) were applied to control (unprimed) and primed seeds with binders (PVA or CMC). The maximum germination percent (GP) of seeds before pellet coating was 65% (with the priming treatment), and there was no difference in the GP of seeds among hormone treatments. For seeds sown in a growth chamber on filter paper, GP was 41% for control (unprimed/uncoated) seeds, 65% for uncoated primed seeds, 71% for DTCS/PVA-pellet-coated seeds, and 42% for DTK/CMC-pellet-coated seeds. Seeds that were primed first and then pellet-coated showed greatly improved GP, mean germination time (MGT), and germination rate than seeds that were only pellet-coated. For seeds sown in commercial soil in a greenhouse, control seeds had a GP of 27%, whereas primed seeds had the highest GP (58%), and their MGT and GT were 9.4 days and 7.0%·day, respectively. In addition, DTK/PVA-pellet-coated seeds (40%) also had a GP higher than the control (27%), and their MGT was 15-27 days. For seeds sown in sandy-loam soil in a greenhouse, unprimed-pellet-coated seeds and primed-pellet-coated seeds both had GPs ranged of 39%, which were lower than that of control seeds. In general, the seeds that were pellet-coated with DTK had a higher GP than those pellet-coated with DTCS. Furthermore, the MGT of unprimed-pellet-coated seeds was 15.0-19.8 days, which was longer than the MGT of primed-pellet-coated seeds. These results suggest that priming enhances seedling emergence of Aster koraiensis seeds. Moreover, when priming is combined with pellet coating, DTK is a more suitable pellet material than DTCS, and PVA and CMC are equally suitable adhesives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2014

This study investigated the biological activities and effects of Korean Zingiber mioga R. (flower buds and rhizome) on memory. The general composition, minerals, anti-oxidative activities, and AChE inhibitory effects were analyzed, and NORT (Novel object recognition test) and Y-Maze test in vivo were performed. The general contents (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and crude ash; wet basis) of ZB (flower buds) were 91.96%, 0.15%, 1.99%, and 11.90%, respectively. The general contents (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and crude ash; wet basis) of ZR (rhizome) were 75.21%, 0.53%, 2.20%, and 9.50%, respectively. The macro mineral contents (Ca, P, Na, and K) of ZB were 31.70 mg%, 15.20 mg%, 8.20 mg%, and 258.60 mg%, respectively. Inhibitory effects (IC50 value) of DPPH and ABTS radicals were higher with ZBD (flower buds water extract) than with ZBE (flower buds EtOH extract), ZRD (rhizome water extract) or ZRE (rhizome EtOH extract). AChE inhibitory effect of ZBD was higher and that of ZRD. NORT and Y-Maze test were performed with scopolamine-induced mice treated with ZBD and ZBE. In NORT, effects of ZBD and ZBE were similar to that of donepezil. In the Y-maze test, performances of ZBD and ZBE-treated mice were similar to that of the normal group. These results suggest that Korean Zingiber mioga R. has potential to be developed into a new functional food for cognition enhancement in the global food market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1036-1042
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• 2013

The aim of the present study is to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of Doenjang with and without salt in C57BL/6J mice. For the analysis, a total of forty mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet group (ND), high-fat diet group (HD), high-fat diet supplemented with 20% Doenjang group (DJ), high-fat diet supplemented with 20% unsalted Doenjang group (NS). During the study period, food intake and body weight were measured daily and weekly, respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Body weight gain, epididymal fat pad weight and serum triglyceride levels of DJ group were found to be significantly lower than those of the HD and NS groups. Serum total-cholesterol levels of DJ and NS groups were significantly lower as compared to the HD group. There were significant decreases in plasma insulin and leptin levels in DJ group compared with the HD and NS groups. We did not observe any significant changes in the expression of hepatic lipogenic-related gene $PPAR{\gamma}$ among the HD, DJ and NS groups. However, ACC expression was found to be significantly decreased in DJ group. Lipolysis-related gene ($PPAR{\alpha}$ and CPT-1) expression was significantly higher in the DJ group as compared to HD and NS groups. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Doenjang supplementation lowers body weight gain and improves obesity-related parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1592-1599
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• 2013

Despite numerous studies regarding overweight or obese children, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of underweight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of underweight among school-aged children. A total of 493 students (86 underweight and 407 normal weight students) aged 11 to 13 years were included in our study. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, health information, self-perception of weight, weight-control efforts and birth-related information were collected by using survey questionnaires for children and parents. Dietary information was obtained by two 24-hour food records, which were completed by both children and their parents. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in girls than boys, and the frequency of medical treatment and flu symptoms were higher in underweight children than normal ones. Overall, girls tended to overestimate their own weight; this misclassification was greater among underweight girls. Birthweight was positively correlated with current weight (P<0.05) and height (P<0.01) in girls, but these correlations were not seen in boys. In conclusion, underweight girls had inappropriate self-perception of weight, and underweight in girls may be related with birthweight and inadequate dietary intakes. Therefore, it is important to build a well-designed framework that integrates efforts of home, school, and community to maintain a healthy weight with balanced diet and exercise throughout the lifetime.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1560-1566
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• 2013

This study was conducted to find out the effects of aqueous extract from the leaves of Artemisia capillaris (AA) on the reduction of hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol in rats. In this experiment, Sprague Dawley rats were used in the experimental groups, which were divided into 5 groups; normal group, ethanol+UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid)-treated group (positive control), ethanol-treated group (control), ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated group (200 mg/kg of BW) and ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated group (400 mg/kg of BW). AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), GGT (gamma(${\gamma}$)-glutamyl transferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activities of the ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated group (400 mg/kg of BW) were significantly decreased compared to that of the ethanol-treated group (P<0.05). The triglyceride level of the ethanol-treated group was significantly increased and the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased compared to the normal group (P<0.05). On the other hand, the triglyceride level was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was enhanced significantly (P<0.05) in the ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated groups. Also, malondialdehyde contents were decreased in this group (P<0.05). Histologically, in the control group, there was a mild degenerative change around central venule. The AA treated group showed well preserved lobular architectures with no evidence of steatosis or liver damage in aqueous extract from the leaves of Artemisia capillaris treated group (H&E, ${\times}20$). As the results of this study, it is thought that Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract may have effects on the improvement of hepatic damage by ethanol.