• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.18
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• pp.135-183
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• 2003

Aerospace force is a determining factor in a modem war. The combat field is expanding to space. Thus, the legitimacy of establishing aerospace force is no longer an debating issue, but "how should we establish aerospace force" has become an issue to the military. The standard limiting on the military use of space should be non-aggressive use as asserted by the U.S., rather than non-military use as asserted by the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union's argument is not even strongly supported by the current Russia government, and realistically is hard to be applied. Thus, the multi-purpose satellite used for military surveillance or a commercial satellite employed for military communication are allowed under the U.S. principle of peaceful use of space. In this regard, Air Force may be free to develop a military surveillance satellite and a communication satellite with civilian research institute. Although MTCR, entered into with the U.S., restricts the development of space-launching vehicle for the export purpose, the development of space-launching vehicle by the Korea Air Force or Korea Aerospace Research Institute is beyond the scope of application of MTCR, and Air Force may just operate a satellite in the orbit for the military purpose. The primary task for multi-purpose satellite is a remote sensing; SAR sensor with high resolution is mainly employed for military use. Therefore, a system that enables Air Force, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute, and Agency for Defense Development to conduct joint-research and development should be instituted. U.S. Air Force has dismantled its own space-launching vehicle step by step, and, instead, has increased using private space launching vehicle. In addition, Military communication has been operated separately from civil communication services or broadcasting services due to the special circumstances unique to the military setting. However, joint-operation of communication facility by the military and civil users is preferred because this reduces financial burden resulting from separate operation of military satellite. During the Gulf War, U.S. armed forces employed commercial satellites for its military communication. Korea's participation in space technology research is a little bit behind in time, considering its economic scale. In terms of budget, Korea is to spend 5 trillion won for 15 years for the space activities. However, Japan has 2 trillion won annul budget for the same activities. Because the development of space industry during initial fostering period does not apply to profit-making business, government supports are inevitable. All space development programs of other foreign countries are entirely supported by each government, and, only recently, private industry started participating in limited area such as a communication satellite and broadcasting satellite, Particularly, Korea's space industry is in an infant stage, which largely demands government supports. Government support should be in the form of investment or financial contribution, rather than in the form of loan or borrowing. Compared to other advanced countries in space industry, Korea needs more budget and professional research staff. Naturally, for the efficient and systemic space development and for the prevention of overlapping and distraction of power, it is necessary to enact space-related statutes, which would provide dear vision for the Korea space development. Furthermore, the fact that a variety of departments are running their own space development program requires a centralized and single space-industry development system. Prior to discussing how to coordinate or integrate space programs between Agency for Defense Development and the Korea Aerospace Research Institute, it is a prerequisite to establish, namely, "Space Operations Center"in the Air Force, which would determine policy and strategy in operating space forces. For the establishment of "Space Operations Center," policy determinations by the Ministry of National Defense and the Joint Chief of Staff are required. Especially, space surveillance system through using a military surveillance satellite and communication satellite, which would lay foundation for independent defense, shall be established with reference to Japan's space force plan. In order to resolve issues related to MTCR, Air Force would use space-launching vehicle of the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Moreover, defense budge should be appropriated for using multi-purpose satellite and communication satellite. The Ministry of National Defense needs to appropriate 2.5 trillion won budget for space operations, which amounts to Japan's surveillance satellite operating budges.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2022

The interest in LID facilities is increasing worldwide for recovery of natural water cycle system to destroy by urbanization. However, problems are raised when installation of LID because comprehensive analysis about design capacity adequacy of LID facilities was not conducted completely. In this research, removal efficiency and design volume adequacy of LID facilities were analyzed based on rainfall monitoring data in four LID facilities(Vegetated Swale, Vegetative Filter Strip, Bio-Retention and Permeable Pavement). As a result, group of LID facility designed on WQV was shown higher flow(37%) and pollutants(TSS, BOD, TN and TP) removal efficiencies(20 ~ 37%) than group of LID facility designed on WQF. SA/CA graph was drawn for evaluation of design volume adequacy based on rainfall monitoring data. In this SA/CA graph, coefficient of determination show over 0.5 in all parameter, especially, Flow and TP were show over 0.95. And, 'SA/CA & L/CA' graph considering difference of structure mechanism in LID facility suggested in this research was confirmed that improved coefficient of determination in flow, TSS and TP than SA/CA graph. According to this research results, feasibility of applying 'SA/CA & L/CA' graph for evaluation of design volume adequacy in LID facility, and it is necessary to follow up research for generalization and normalization.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2022

In order for the military to review the introduction of virtual reality technology into various education and training systems and fully utilize it, it is important to reflect the characteristics of the technology and education system and to accurately identify and selectively apply the characteristics of commercialization. In this study, the evaluation criteria were selected through the Analitic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for factors to be considered when commercializing a virtual reality-based education and training system, and the priorities of the projects were determined. Based on previous studies, an initial AHP model was constructed and the relative importance of six factors, including reality, was analyzed as the level 1 evaluation criteria. Next, for Level 2, each evaluation criterion was evaluated to confirm the importance of each of the 11 tasks in the six evaluation criteria, and priorities were selected for each task. As a result of the analysis, level 1 showed that reality and ripple had higher importance than other factors. As a result of evaluating the final relative importance, the priority was shown in the order of ① flight training, ② disaster training, ③ shooting Training, and ④ driving a vehicle. Based on the relative priorities determined in Levels 1 and 2 of the model presented in this study, the importance of each project necessary for final decision-making of the research priorities for the defense virtual reality project was presented. It is expected that this study can be used as a reference material for prioritizing the commercialization of education and training systems in the defense sector.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.188-188
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• 2012

기존 농업용저수지는 농업용수 공급이라는 단일한 목적으로 비교적 간단하게 운영되어왔다. 그러나 둑높이기사업 후 기존 농업용수를 공급함과 동시에 하천유지용수를 연중 공급해야 하기 때문에 경험적 물관리로는 갈수기간 동안의 물관리 및 홍수기 동안의 저수율 조정 문제를 해결할 수 없다. 따라서 기왕의 경험적 용수공급에서 탈피하고 가이드라인에 의한 공급이 이루어져야 용수목적별 공급이 원활하게 이루어질 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 물수지 분석 등 기술적으로 분석해야하는 과정을 종합하여 관리자가 쉽게 운영할 수 있도록 의사지원체계가 구축되어야 한다. 본 연구는 둑높임저수지 운영데이터를 구축하고 저수지 운영곡선을 프로그램화 하여 현장 계측데이터를 연계한 물관리 의사지원 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 시스템은 지리정보시스템을 기반으로 작성되었으며, 운영물수지 프로그램이 모듈로 구축되어 농업용수와 하천유지용수 등 용수목적별로 월별 공급량을 계획하여 운영자 및 유관기관에게 제공하는데 있다. 기존 설계용량산정 프로그램을 기반으로 운영에 필요한 운영 물수지분석 모델을 개발하였으며, 이를 기반으로 둑높임저수지의 일부 사업지구에 대한 운영곡선을 프로그램화 하였다. 시스템 개발은 분석에 필요한 정보를 DB화하고, 이를 활용한 운영물수지분석, 운영곡선 모의 등을 수행할 수 있도록 구축되었다. 물관리 센터-현장을 연계하여 운영할 수 있는 의사지원 모듈 즉, 센터에서 운영기준과 운영계획량을 수립(모의)하고, 이에 따라 조견표, 개도율로 현장을 운영할 수 있도록 단순화하였다. 추가적으로 스마트 단말기를 통해 홍수기 업무지원이 가능토록 기능을 구현하였다. 본 시스템은 가이드라인에 의한 농업용저수지 운영관리라는 관점에서 유일한 시스템으로 유역별 환경변화 인자와 현장운영 경험치를 적용한 첫 번째 사례이다. 또한 관행적 물관리에서 탈피하여 과학적 수자원 관리로 국가 물관리 정책수립에 필요한 의사결정지원에 활용될 예정이다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2020

By facing the era of the 4th industrial revolution, personalized medical services for patients are expanding with the development of information and communications technology. With these changes, digital medical devices have begun to be used to support diagnosis, patient monitoring, and decision-making of diseases, and recently software medical devices for the purpose of preventing, managing, or treating disorders or diseases have become popular. The aim of this article is to understand the current concept and status of Software as a Medical Device (SaMD), which are actively being carried out in the United States, and to find out what fields can be applied in the future. In addition, it intends to find out the Korean domestic policy trends related to smart healthcare and find out the application of digital software as a medical devices that can be used in dental clinic to keep pace with the upcoming changes in the medical field.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.107-115
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers of supply chain vulnerability and internal/external disruptive events and to verify the moderating effect of SCRM to mitigate negative disruption impacts. The analysis results of 182 SMEs are as follows. First, SC vulnerability proceeded from excessive efficiency. Second, the probability and severity of internal factors were higher than that of external factors. In particular, the priority of responding to risks arising from the supply chain process was higher than the value chain within the firm. Finally, the higher the level of risk management in the supply chain, the more positively the negative disruption impact was mitigated. This study is valuable in providing practical clues to the decision-making of a firm's managers and policymakers responding to supply chain risks.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2022

앞으로 10년간 세계의 생물다양성 보전을 위한 유엔 생물다양성협약 당사국 총회가 2022년 12월 캐나다 몬트리올에서 열린다. 전 세계 전문가와 정책입안자들이 여러 내용을 다루지만 그중에서도 염기서열 정보에 관한 내용을 집중적으로 소개한다. 우선 생물다양성협약에서의 이익공유에 관한 내용은 북아시아 원산인 콩을 현재 대량으로 재배하고 수확하고 있는 미국, 브라질 등의 사례를 선별하여 소개한다. 이어서 생물다양성협약 체결 전후의 생물자원에 대한 인식 변화로 인해 국제적으로 합의한 나고야 의정서의 주요 핵심 내용을 발표한다. 그러나, 최근의 합성생물학은 유전정보만을 가지고 설계자의 의도대로 실물 생물자원 없이 새로운 생물과 원하는 물질을 합성할 수 있기에 국제적으로 마찰이 발생하고 있다. 유전공학과 합성생물학에서 가장 기본적으로 이용하고 있는 유전정보를 생물다양성협약에서는 어떻게 정의하고 있는지, 그리고 이익을 어떻게 공유하는지 알아본다. 생물자원 이용 국가들은 유전정보는 물리적인 실체가 없기에 이익공유대상이 아님을 주장하면서 유전정보는 원하는 누구에게나 이용되어야 한다고 보고 있다. 반면 생물자원 풍부국 입장은 생명과학기술 발전으로 인해 원산지 국가의 허가 없이 생물 유전정보를 활용하는 것은 생물 주권의 침해로 보고 있으며, 유전정보를 실물 생물자원과 동일하게 취급하여 나고야 의정서상의 이익공유를 요구하고 있다. 유전정보에 대한 대한민국의 공식적인 입장과 제 14차 협약 총회에서 합의한 결정문을 소개한다. 또한, 2019년 생물다양성과학기구(IPBES)에서 지구의 생물다양성과 생태계를 평가한 보고서에서 생물 멸종의 위협요인으로 제시된 토지이용 변화, 남획, 기후변화, 오염, 외래종에 대한 문제점을 기반으로 작성된 post-2020 생물다양성협약 10개년 실행 목표를 알아보고 2022년 12월 개최하는 제15차 당사국총회의 주요 의제에 대한 전망과 최근 문제가 되고 있는 '공동의 그러나 차별적인 책임(CBDR, Common But Differentiated Responsibility)'의 개념을 소개한다.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.111-129
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• 2004

This paper develops the argument that the 'Healthy Cities Approach' extends beyond the boundaries of officially designated Healthy Cities and suggests that signs of it are evident much more widely in efforts to promote health in the United Kingdom and in national policy. It draws on examples from Leeds, a major city in the north of England. In particular, it suggests that efforts to improve population health need to focus on the wider determinants and that this requires a collaborative response involving a range of different sectors and the participation of the community. Inequality is recognised as a major issue and the need to identify areas of deprivation and direct resources towards these is emphasised. Childhood poverty is referred to and the importance of breaking cycles of deprivation. The role of the school is seen as important in contributing to health generally and the compatibility between Healthy Cities and Health Promoting Schools is noted. Not only can Health Promoting Schools improve the health of young people themselves they can also develop the skills, awareness and motivation to improve the health of the community. Using child pedestrian injury as an example, the paper argues that problems and their cause should not be conceived narrowly. The Healthy Cities movement has taught us that the response, if it is to be effective, should focus on the wider determinants and be adapted to local circumstances. Instead of simply attempting to change behaviour through traditional health education we need to ensure that the environment is healthy in itself and supports healthy behaviour. To achieve this we need to develop awareness, skills and motivation among policy makers, professionals and the community. The 'New Health' education is proposed as a term to distinguish the type of health education which addresses these issues from more traditional forms.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.925-935
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• 2020

This study aims to provide guidelines for the activities of workplace health managers by identifying their excellent health promotion activities and motivations. For this, consent for the study was obtained from 21 workplace health managers who had worked at the same company for more than five years, and a semi-structured questionnaire was sent via email to collect and qualitatively analyze the data. As a result, 17 categories and three topics were drawn. The derived topics included a sense of reward and accomplishment as workplace health managers, difficulties encountered as workplace health managers, and how to solve the difficulties. The survey respondents answered that they feel a sense of reward and accomplishment when workers open their mind, change their daily life, express gratitude, and pioneer new fields. On the other hand, they feel difficulties with unpredictable health, changes in the organizational culture, secrecy of disease, and people who think their job is easy. As a way of overcoming such difficulties, the research subjects said that it is necessary to read the minds of workers, let them know by themselves, use existing programs, have the most difficult people on their side, and spread their achievements. The results of this study revealed that it is required for workplace health managers to develop professional skills and emphasize the importance of health management to the policy-makers and employees of their workplace by continuously reporting health management performance. In addition, they need to actively benchmark the success strategies of exemplary workplace health managers.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.562-571
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• 2014

In these days, many countries carry out many renewable energy policies to increase the renewable energy portion and to reduce the GHG(Green House Gas). In Korea, RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards) focused on over 500MW power producers is conducting. And they are using the bio-fuel oil to meet their RPS quota. The oil is a mixture of animal and vegetable fat or fatty acid ester of them and should satisfy some specifications to use the power generation such as viscosity, pour point, acid number. Depends on the raw materials, quality characteristics of power bio-fuel oil are changed. By adding the power bio-fuel oil, pour point, density, sulfur content and viscosity are decreased and acid number, iodine number, oxygen content are increased. In this study, we test the quality characteristic of power bio-fuel oil and the property changes by the blending ratio of power bio-fuel oil & conventional fuel oil.