• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 1997

This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the elimination of fenitrothion residues during the dietary fiber and bioflavonoid preparations from mandarin orange peels. Dietary fibers were prepared from contaminated mandarin orange peels through homogenization, enzyme treatment, ethanol precipitation, acetone washing and air drying, at the yields of 17.4% total dietary fiber, 13.1% insoluble dietary fiber and 1.7% soluble dietary fiber. The removal rate of fenitrothion residues at 13 and 0.5 ppm levels in orange peels was 98.4% and 91.9% in total dietary fiber, 99.7% and 97.1% in insoluble dietary fiber, 100% and 99.6% in soluble dietary fiber, respectively. When bioflavonoid was prepared from contaminated mandarin orange peels through homogenization, soaking, ethanol precipitation, hexane and butanol extractions, the removal rate of fenitrothion residues was 92.7% in intermediate extract and 100% in final extract.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

The antimicrobial and GTase(Glucosyltransferase) inhibition activity were investigated for solvent fractions of Gall-nut, variety of fork drugs and Red-grape husk water extracts. Among them, Gall-nut and Red-grape husk water extracts were selected for the powerful antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful antimicrobial activity on both B. subtilis and E. coli. The MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of gall-nut methanol fraction were 1.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. Red-grape husk were 2.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful Gtase inhibition activity. The concentrations of these fractions for 80% inhibition of GTase activity were 1.08$\times$10-3mg/ml and 1.08$\times$10-2mg/ml, respectively. The principal compound for the antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity in tese extracts seems to be polyphenol derivatives.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.562-568
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• 1989

The essential oils from ripe fruit peel and leaf of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC were extracted by gas co-distillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) and retention index matching. The experimental results revealed the presence of over 100 volatile components. Major components were 1,8-cineol (25.47%), limonene (11.91%), geranyl acetate (9.01%), myrcene (6.15%) in fruit peel and citronellal (23.11%), 1,8-cineol (18.38%), citronellol (6.04%) in leaf. Among the components identified were the following; in fruit peel, ${\alpha}-pinene$ and 13 hydrocarbons, linalool and 8 alcohols, citronellal and 3 aldehydes, carvone and 2 kotones, methyl salicylate and 7 esters, and 1,8-cineol and oxides, and in leaf, ${\alpha}-pinene$ and 7 hydrocarbons, linalool and 7 alcohols, citronellyl acetate and 5 esters, citronellal and 1 aldehyde, carvone, and 1,8-cineol and 1 oxide.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2020

In this study, fruit phenolics were investigated with using LC/MS and HPLC analysis in order to compare the differences between domestic ('Campbell Early', 'Kyoho', 'Heukbosuk', and 'Hongju SDS') and imported ('Crimson SDS' and 'Thomson SDS') grapes. In the case of fruit characteristics, imported grape 'Crimson SDS' and 'Thompson SDS', had lighter skin weight (300-350 mg/berry) and hard flesh (5.2-5.6 kg·f) than domestic grape cultivar. The phenolic compound contents of 'Crimson SDS' skin was higher, but resveratrol (25-29 mg/kg), quercetin (350-380 mg/kg), and myricetin (31-32 mg/kg) contents were similar in to those of 'Hongju SDS'. The anthocyanin content was different from differed between grape cultivars. 'Hongju SDS' grape was showed higher in Delphinidin-3-glucose (D3G) levels, and 'Crimson SDS' was showed higher in Peonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) levels. The contents of phenolic compounds were investigated differently for each grape berry part. Catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and B2 were found in grape seeds.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2007

Diffusion and accumulation of ethoprophos in fruit such as apple and two types of pears were examined by dipping them into the solution of ethoprophos. The effective diffusivities of ethoprophos at the skin and flesh of apple and pear were determined by simulation their experimental accumulation curves with calculated ones from the model assuming consecutive diffusion of ethoprophos from skin to flesh. Its effective diffusivity at the flesh with higher content of water were higher, $\sim10^{-10}\;m^2/s$, regardless of the types of fruits, while that at the skin was small, $\sim10^{-12}\;m^2/s$ and increased with the order of 'Niitaka' pear < 'Whangkeumbae' pear < 'Fuji' apple. The variation in the concentration of ethoprophos in its solution did not induce any change in affecting its effective diffusivity at the flesh of 'Whangkeumbae' pear, but the increase in the concentration caused the increase in its effective diffusivity at the skin. The penetration rate of ethoprophos at the skin was an important factor in determining its accumulation rate in fruit.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.388-396
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• 2002

Quality characteristics of Yukwa, Korean traditional rice cookie, added with citrus peel (2, 4 and 6%) were investigated. Yukwa was prepared by adding the water homogenate of the peel and the quality characteristics were evaluated by the expansion rate, texture, color, sensory quality and content of total carotenoid, hesperidine and naringin. The expansion rate (1,517~855%) of Yukwa with higher concentrations of citrus peel powder was lower than that of control product (1,740%) and the brittleness followed the same trend. However, the values were in the range of those of the traditional Korean Yukwa. The color of the control Yukwa (L* value: 63.3~49.9, a* value: 10.6~17.8, b* value: 12.6~56.4) was white, but with citrus peel (2~6%) light yellow~yellow (L* value. 63.3~49.9. a* value: 10.6~17.8, b* values: 12.6~56.4). Carotenoid, hesperidin and naringin contents of Yukwa with the addition of peel powder were 0.18~0.51 mg%, 36.55~101.60 mg% and 24.65~70.81 mg%, respectively. The color and the overall acceptability of yukwa with 4% of citrus peel powder were the best. This combination had some orange flavor, but no differences in both sweet and sour taste.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.3 s.40
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• pp.119-126
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• 1979

From the sample seeds of rice cultivar Palkoeng with the brown spot symptom, Helminthosporium oryzae was detected in $86\~92\%$ of hulls including empty glumes, lemma, palea, and rachilla in five to seven days of incubation. When the seeds were dehulled, the percentage detection decreased to $74\~83\%$ of pericarps. The fungus sporulated on whole surface of the seed and was detected within about ten cell layers deep of endosperm but not detected in embryo. Fusarium moniliforme was found in embryo as well as pericarp and endosperm. The frequency of F. roseum, Trichoconis padwickii, Curvularia spp., Atternaria tenuis, Cladosporium cladosporoides and Phoma sp. was less than three percent of hulls and pericarps. In seven days of incubation, $60\~87\%$ of the germinating seeds showed the symptom of H. oryzae while $13\~40\%$ were apparently healthy. This fungus in hilum of infected rice transmitted through pericarp to plumule shoot and radicle of the germinating seed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.572-578
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• 2006

The accumulation of phenol in apples was measured by exposing them to phenol vapor at $25^{\circ}C$. The effective diffusivities of phenol in the rind and flesh of apples were estimated by comparing the experimentally determined fractional uptake curve with the simulated ones based on a consecutive diffusion model in the rind and flesh. Phenol was detected in the flesh of apples after 5 day exposure due to its slow diffusion in the rind. The consecutive diffusion model of phenol in apples simulated well the measured fractional uptake curve when the effective diffusivities of phenol in the rind and flesh were assumed to be $5.0{\times}10^{-13}m^2/s$ and $1.5{\times}10^{-10}m^2/s$, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.370-373
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• 2010

Preharvest treatment with 4% ethyl oleate on 'Merlot' ($Vitis$ $vinifera$ L.) grape reduced the thickness of the epidermal and hypodermal layers with significantly enhanced pigmentation. Thickness of the skin in treated berries was $90-107{\mu}m$, whereas those in control berries were $126-189{\mu}m$. Decreases in the thickness of epidermal and hypodermal cell layers seemed to be due to cellular death or dehydration by rapid senescence after the treatment. Immediate change observed in treated berries was the deformation of the wax that appeared melted resulting in color improvement. Total anthocyanin was also increased by ethyl oleate treatment. Separate forms of anthocyanins, acylated and methoxylated anthocyanins increased, whereas hydroxylated anthocyanins tended to decrease.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.157-163
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the antioxidants activity by measuring electron donating ability and ABTS radical scavenging ability of the extracts from Rutaceae fruits (citron, grapefruit, lemon, mandarin orange, orange, trifoliate) to evaluate its use as a antioxidants in foods and cosmetics. Rutaceae fruits extract were separated in two parts of whole fruit (pulp, pulp fegment membrane, peel) and peel, dried, and then extracted with 70% ethanol. As a result of comparing the antioxidant effect at the concentration of 10,000 ㎍/mL, the electron donating ability was higher in the dried lemon peel extract (DLPE, 88.15%) and the dried citron whole fruit extract (DCWE, 80.44%), and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was highest in lemon peel and dried peel extract at 94.85% (FLPE) and 92.83% (DLPE). In conclusion, it was confirmed that lemon showed the highest antioxidant effect among the Rutaceae fruits(citron, grapefruit, lemon, mandarin orange, orange, trifoliate), and it was confirmed that the dried peel extract had a significant effect. Therefore it is considered that the dried lemon peel extract has the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant material in food and cosmetics.