• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.204-209
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• 2006

Despite the recent depression of the construction industry, overseas plant market especially Middle East plant market is booming owing to the high oil price. Since many Middle Eastern countries are placing orders of big scale projects based on the high oil price, Korean EPC contractor are trying to get over the depression through theses plants. Presently, since the plant market is in prosperous condition in general, it is not hard to get overseas orders; however the original licenses that requirehigher technology and high added values are exclusive for advanced engineering companies which great difficulty is predicted for developing countries like us to join the crowd. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose establishment of material management system on the filed to gain optimized effect of material management in connection with procurement system that all the procurement related personals execute tasks in advanced level by systemizing the task operation within the knowledge and task ability in time for plant construction procurement as a method to strengthening the competitiveness of Korean companies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.9C
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• pp.697-703
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• 2008

The H.264/AVC video coding standard provides higher coding efnciency compared to the conventional MPEG-2 standard. Since a lot of videos have been encoded using MPEG-2, the format conversion from MPEG-2 to H.264 is essential. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for the conversion of DCT coefficients to H.264/AVC transform coefficients. This conversion is essential, since $8{\times}8$ DCT and $4{\times}4$ integer transform are used in MPEG-2 and H.264/AVC, respectively. The mathematical analysis and computer simulation show that the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced compared to the conventional algorithm, while the loss caused by the conversion is negligible.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.609-627
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• 2010

Finding the ideal location for your business is one of the most critical and important steps you will have to undertake. Otherwise, done in the wrong way you will only end up paying an expensive cost for an unsuitable location. Therefore to select the perfect location for your business, this study makes a reasonable and simple model for retail shops by calculating occupation population for each store applying Huffs "Probability Theory" to Hypermarket in Seoul. Then this study, based on occupation population, has divided every unit section (dong scale) into 4 market types which represent the state of the competitive markets, including monopoly, oligopoly, competitive, and noncompetitive markets. Consequently, the most reasonable place to locate a new store is where it can take most of the customers, that is, a place which can take non-competitive market as much as possible and is distant far enough from competitive market where competition is severe.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.427-436
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• 2020

Prior literature shows that audit market concentration which is measured as the Herfindahl index is negatively associated with audit quality in Korea. This study analyzes whether characteristics of an audit committee have effect on the relation between audit market concentration and audit quality. This is because it is expected that effective audit committees restrict the tendency of dominant auditors to neglect their duties. The empirical results of this study using the sample firms having an audit committee listed in the Korea Composite Stock Price Index market for 2006-2015 are summarized as follows. First, consistent with prior research, audit quality decreases as audit market concentration increases. However, audit quality is not lowered as audit market concentration rises only when the audit committee has financial expertise among representative characteristics of an audit committee - independence, financial expertise, and activity. This research finds contributions in that it explores the effect of audit committee characteristics on audit quality in consideration of audit market concentration and utilizes the differential types of the characteristics of an audit committee at the same time.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2008

The latest flow in Korea's distribution market is characterized by the deterioration of small/medium distribution market due to the rapid growth of multinational discount stores. As various multinational discount stores have merged with Korean discount stores (Homever acquired Carrefour and E-Mart acquired Wal-Mart), these discount stores have enlarged in size and dominated the market. On the contrary, small/medium distributors with relatively weak infrastructures are losing competitiveness in the market. Traditional marketplaces in local areas, in particular, are facing a serious crisis as they are neglected in the depressed local markets and have been beaten by the increasing discount stores and the diversifying distributors. The purpose of this study was to propose alternative plans to revitalize traditional marketplaces that are endangered by the unbalanced development of the distribution industry. This study analyzed the distribution performances and problems of Daejeon Metropolitan City and used the analysis to point out the problems specific to traditional marketplaces and propose a way to revitalize them. I hope that this study can help discount stores and small/medium distributors find balance in the market, and give traditional marketplaces the competitiveness to pursue sustainable growth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1434-1438
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• 2010

수문자료의 계절성은 수자원관리의 관점에서 매우 중요한 요소로서 계절성의 변동은 댐의 운영, 홍수조절, 관계용수 관리 등 다양한 분야와 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 수문 자료의 계절성 평가는 주로 이수과점에서 이루어지고 있으며 치수관점에서 극치수문량의 계절성을 평가하는 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 이는 극치수문량을 해석하는 방법론으로서 연최대치계열(annual maxima) 즉, Block Maxima가 이용됨에 따라 나타나는 문제점이다. 그러나 부분기간치계열(partial duration series)을 활용하게 되면 자료의 확충뿐만 아니라 자연적으로 극치수문량의 계절성에 대한 평가 또한 가능하다. 이러한 분석과정을 POT(peak over threshold)분석이라 하며 일정 기준값(threshold) 이상의 자료를 모두 취하여 빈도해석에 이용하는 방법으로서 기존 방법의 경우 연최대값이 일반적으로 7월과 8월에만 존재하게 되지만 POT 분석의 경우 여러 달에 걸쳐 빈도해석을 위한 자료가 구성되게 된다. 이를 빈도해석으로 연계시키기 위해서는 계절성을 비정상성으로 고려하여 모형화 할 수 있는 방법론의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 목적을 위해서 계절성을 고려할 수 있는 비정상성빈도해석 기법의 개념을 제시하고 모형으로 개발하고자 한다. GEV 또는 Gumbel 분포의 매개변수와 계절성을 연계시키기 위해서 Fourier 급수가 활용되며 매개변수는 Bayesian 기법을 통해 최적화 된다. 이를 통하여 설계강수량의 계절적 분포를 정량적으로 해석할 수 있으며 미래의 극치강수량에 대한 분포특성 또한 확률적으로 해석이 가능하다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법은 국내외 시간강수량자료에 적용되어 적합성과 적용성이 평가된다.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.121
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• pp.2-18
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• 2005

이 글은 시장지배적사업자의 배타적 거래행위에 관한 논문이다. 우리 독점규제법은 독점이나 과점 그 자체는 금지하지 않고 그 폐해, 즉 시장지배적사업자의 지위남용만을 규제하는 방식을 취하고 있다. 따라서 일반사업자의 불공정 거래행위를 규제하는 규정(동 법 제23조)과는 별도의 규정(동 법 제3조의2)를 두고 있다. 그러나 미국의 경우 독점의 시도자체를 원칙적으로 금지하는 입법 형식을 취하고 있으며(셔먼법 제2조), 사업자의 불공정거래행위에 대해서는 다른 규정에서 다루고 있다(셔먼법 제1조 및 클레이트법 제3조). 그러므로 독점사업자가 배타적 거래행위를 하는 경우, 우리 독점규제법에 따르면 동 법 제3조의2를 적용하여 해결할 수 있다. 그러나 미국의 경우, 우리 독점규제법 제3조의2와 같은 조항이 없기 때문에, 독점화에 관한 규정을 적용해야 하는지 아니면 불공정 거래행위에 관한 규정을 적용해야 하는지가 문제된다. 이 논문의 저자는 이처럼 독점화와 배타적 거래행위가 교차하는 부분을 문제의식을 갖고 보았다. 미국에서는 이 영역에서 발생하는 법적 문제들을 셔먼법 제2조에 관한 판례법을 통해 해결하고 있다. 이와 같이 이 영역을 독점화의 시도와 연관지어 검토했기 때문에, 매우 엄격한 잣대가 적용되었다. 그러나 최근에는 시장지배적사업자의 "효율적인" 행위가 과잉 규제되는 일이 없도록 해야 한다는 비판이 강하게 제기되면서, 이들의 거래행위에 대해 신중히 검토해야 한다는 주장이 일고 있다. 이에 대해 저자는 "신중한" 검토가 항상 중립적이지도 바람직하지도 않은 것이라고 항변한다. 신중한 검토를 하는 동안, 시장에서의 경쟁자들은 생존 자체에 위협은 느끼기 때문이라고 한다. 실제로 미국에서는 시장지배적사업자들이 신속하지 못한 독점금지 소송을 전략적으로 이용하고 있다고 한다. 또한 저자는 "독점금지법은 경쟁을 보호하기 위한 것이지 경쟁자를 보호하기 위한 것은 아니다"는 슬로건에 대해 강한 이의를 제기한다. 경쟁자 없이는 경쟁도 있을 수 없기 때문이다. 그리고 마지막으로 영화 스파이더맨에서 나온 대사로 끝을 맺는다. "큰 힘을 갖게 되면 큰 책임이 뒤따른단다."

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

This paper proposes a novel technique of marker-based 2D-3D registration to combine 3D information obtained from preoperative CT images into 2D image obtained from intraoperative x-ray fluoroscopy image. Our method is divided into preoperative and intraoperative procedures. In preoperative procedure, we generate CT-derived DRRs using graphics hardware and detect markers automatically. In intraoperative procedure, we propose a hierarchical two- step registration to reduce a degree of freedom from 6-DOP to 2-DOF which is composed of in-plane registration using principal axis method and out-plane registration using minimal error searching method in spherical coordinate. For experimentation, we use cardiac phantom datasets with confirmation markers and evaluate our method in the aspects of visual inspection, accuracy and processing time. As experimental results, our method keeps accuracy and aligns very fast by reducing real-time computations.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.583-594
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• 2020

In this study, the existing concept of density has a limitation in providing the cause of phenomena, and the concept of buoyancy poses a problem because it has many misconceptions and requires an overly difficult concept to understand quantitative calculation, so we suggest an explaining method as process viewpoint introducing the principle of lever. The new method of explanation has been proposed using the lever as visual tool to reveal the gravity as the fundamental principle and process viewpoint. As a result, teachers stayed on many alternative concepts and less than half of the teachers were aware that density was related to gravity. In addition, they recognized it as matter viewpoints, but there is a meaningful conceptual change after intervention(p<.000). Also, they evaluated that the new method is better able to recognize the principle and process viewpoint than the existing description method. Through this, we can confirm the educational value of explaining method as process viewpoint introducing the principle of lever.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.29-60
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• 2016

Research and Development(R&D) investment is an issue of central importance in any economy. In this paper we analyze the relationship between R&D spillovers and trade-related variables, using a two-stage model where duopolists simultaneously decide on R&D in the first stage and engage in Cournot competition in the second stage. We characterized and compared the free-trade and trade-restriction R&D equilibrium in a two-stage game of R&D investment followed by Cournot market competition. We also assessed the impact of varying the R&D spillover on the equilibrium outcomes and tariff. We showed for both free trade and protection cases that there exists a unique symmetric solution(subgame perfect Nash equilibrium). As the solution, while analytical, cannot be stated in closed form, we resorted to numerical experiments to investigate the equilibrium results. Our estimates indicate for both free trade and protection cases that the level of R&D investment and the rate of R&D expenditure decrease as the degree of R&D spillovers increases, and that there is an inverse relation between the degree of R&D spillovers and level of protection. The latter implies that the larger the degree of R&D spillovers, the lesser the level of protection.