• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.171-187
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the lifestyle factors influencing behavioral problems such as Inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and internet overuse in elementary and middle school students. Data from 889 elementary school students and 676 middle school students were used and teacher reporting on students' attention deficit and hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms was also included in the analysis. Lifestyle included opportunities for family interaction, sleep, watching TV, playing Video games, eating breakfast, eating junk food, and private education. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, Video games, junk foods, and family interactions significantly predicted the inattention of elementary and middle school students. Video games, TV, junk foods, and family interactions significantly predicted elementary school students' hyperactivity and impulsivity, but the lifestyle variables hardly accounted for the hyperactivity/impulsivity of middle school students. Video game, and family interactions significantly predicted Internet overuse for both elementary and middle school students. Current study suggest that family interaction opportunities and the use of video games, TV and junk food should be considered to intervene in behavior problems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.291-299
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• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of ADHD, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, impulsivity, suicide idea and quality of life as well as burnout of kindergarten teachers for the first time in Korea. Also, it examined the odds ratio with ADHD, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, impulsivity, suicide idea and quality of life between burnout group and the comparison group through logistic regression analysis. A set of questionnaires was provided to a total of 310 participants (80 with higher burnout risk and 230 without burnout risk) from April 2015 to July 2015. All of participants were evaluated using the Korean Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scales, Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Baratte' Impulsivity Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Inventory and Qulity of Life Scale. The results of this study indicated that burnout risk group is related to ADHD and anxiety and impulsivity. For the treatment of burnout in kindergarten teachers, effective evaluation and treatment of ADHD and impulsivity, as well as anxiety, seem to be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 2005

The incidence of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder secondary to the traumatic brain injury, such as traffic accidents, is increasing;the variety of the treatment modality is also increasing. This case was studied to see if OROS Methylphenidate(Concerta), which is one of the most commonly used medication in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients, not only improves the patient's attention, but also their impulsivity, hyperactivity and aggression. According to the case result, the medication showed an improvement of the impulsivity, aggression, and attention in the secondary Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients after the traumatic brain injury.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1998

A 12-year-old girl with a 6 year history of childhood-onset schizophrenia required 2 hospitalizations and long-term clozapine trial due to inadequate responses to combinations of typical neuroleptics and traditional treatments of schizophrenic disorder. On admission, she had continuous auditory and visual hallucinations, persecutory delusion, emotional instability, regression of behaviors including temper tantrums as well as specific developmental delays in learning, language, and motor coordination. The clozapine trial significantly reduced most of the positive symptoms, and facilitated in successful discharge from the hospital. During the 4 year clozapine treatment, no significant adverse reactions were noted, and she returned to a structured school setting with minimal degrees of schizophrenic symptoms. From this clinical experience, we suggest that clozapine might be safe and effective in treating treatment-refractory schizophrenic children.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.337-346
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and the attributes related to Internet use in patients with Internet addiction. This study is a descriptive secondary analysis study, at Internet addiction clinics used the data of 63 patients diagnosed with Internet addiction. Data were obtained from Internet addiction clinic Electronic Medical Records(EMR), there was included the Korean Internet addiction scale(K-scale), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Barratt Impulsivity scale(BIS), Conners ADHD Rating Scale(CAARS), Lubben Social Network Scale(LSNS). K-scale had significantly correlations with Internet use time per day, anxiety, impulsivity, Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) symptom. In stepwise multiple regression, factors significantly affecting ADHD symptom (${\beta}=.37$), Internet use time per day(${\beta}=.29$), Impulsivity(${\beta}=.25$), which accounted for 44% of the variance. Results indicate that patients with Internet addiction had psychological difficulties and suggest that children with ADHD needed to intervention for appropriate internet use.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 1998

Object：The purpose of this study was to investigate that infection with group $A[{\beta}]$ hemolytic streptococcus may associate the mechanisms that cause or exacerbate the tic symptoms in some cases of Tourette's disorder Method：Fourteen cases with abrupt worsening of tics participated in this study：10 males,4 females. The subjects were divided into two groups composing of the group with increasing level of ASO titer and the group with normal level of ASO titer. The subjects were administered Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS). Result：The global severity scores and overall TS impairment rating scores of YGTSS in the group with increasing level of ASO titer were more higher than in the group with normal level of ASO titer Conclusion：These results suggest that increasing level of ASO titer, resulting from group $A[{\beta}]$ hemolytic streptococcal infection has affected worsening the tic symptoms in Touette's disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

Objective：The objective of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’s disorder. Method：Subjects consisted of 157 patients with Tourette’ disorder diagnosed by DSM-IIIR, who were examined and diagnosed from Jan. 1988 to May 1994 at the Tourette’s Clinic of Yonsei University Medical Center. Characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of Patients were assessed by a semi-structured interview schedule. Behavioral problems like hyperactivity, obsession-compulsion, self destructiveness, enuresis, sleep problem were assessed by global clinical impression. Results：The mean age of patients was 14.49(${\pm}7.99$) years. Patients consisted of 138 males (87.9%) and 19 females(12.1%). The sex ratio was 7：1, showing a male preponderance. The number of right-handers was 133(84.7%), and the number of non-right handers was 24(15.3%). Mean age of onset was 8.85(${\pm}4.56$) years, ranging from 2-to-16 years. More than half of the patients had their age of onset at 6-10 years. Bimodal peak in age of onset was observed；the first peak was around 6 and the second peak was around 10 years. There was no sex difference in bimodal age of onset. The most common initial symptom was eye blinking. More than 55% of patients reported eye blinking as their first symptom. The second common initial symptom was head turning and the third was vocal tic. The most common symptoms that patients reported on their first visit since onset were eye blinking(82.2%), head turning or nodding(57.9%), shoulder shrugging(52.7%) and forearm movement(32.6%). Of 157 cases, 101(64.3%) patients showed downward progression of symptoms, and 25(15.9%) showed upward progression of symptoms. Nineteen fathers(12%) of patients had a past history of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Seventeen fathers(10.6%) had a history of tic disorder. SSevenmothers(4.5%) had OCD, 4 mothers (2.5%) had tic disorder. One hundred and eighteen patients(75.1%) had comorbid hyperactivity, 95 patients(60.5%) had obsession, 55 patiens(35.0%) had self destructiveness, 46 patients(29.3%) had impulsivity, and 35 patients(22.3%) had enuresis. Age of onset had a significant positive correlation with age, duration, and the global severity of obsession；and a negative correlation with the severity of hyperactivity. Hyperactivity had a significant positive correlation with impulsivity, obsession-compulsion, enuresis, and self destructiveness. Obsession-compulsion had a significant positive correlation with hyperactivity, sleep problems, and self destructiveness. Conclusion：These data suggest that clinical characteristcs and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’ disorder in this study are similar to previous research findings in Korea and other contries. The younger the age of onset was, the more severe hyperactivity was, and the less severe obsession-compulsion was. And severity of hyperactivity had a positive correlation with the severity of obsession-compulsion, impulsivity, enuresis, and self destructiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.106-116
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• 2005

Summary : This study was designed to identify the difference in temperament, parent-adolescent's goodness of fit and behavioral problems between early-adolescent high risk group which can be divided into subgroups (ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C) and normal group. Method : Subjects of this study were students of a Boy's Middle School and their parents. ADHD high risk group was determined by using three rating scales of ADHD behavioral symptoms : 1. Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, 2. Abbreviated Conners Parents Rating Scale, 3. Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale. Final research was based on the subjects including 25 people in ADHD-I high risk group, 70 ADHD-HI/C high risk group, 70 in normal group. Revised Dimensions of Temperament (DOTS-R) was used for students to assess their temperament, while DOTS-R : Ethnology for parents to access environmental demands. Goodness of fit between parent and adolescent was figured out by results of the two scales. Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) was used to examine behavioral problems. Results : When it comes to temperament of adolescents, ADHD-HI/C high risk group was found to be associated with higher scores on general activity level. In contextual parent demand to adolescent, ADHD-HI/C parents showed higher level of demands in general activity than other groups, and lower expectation of positive mood than ADHD-I parents. In parent-adolescent's goodness/poorness of fit, the research found out that ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C had lower level of fit on pesitive/negative mood than normal group and indicated that ADHD behavioral symptoms connected with poorness of fit in emotional relationship between adolescents and their parents. In behavioral problems, ADHD-HI/C high risk group had severe externalizing and internalizing problems distinctly. It had more severe in externalizing problems than ADHD-I, while there were no differences in internalizing problems between the two subgroups. Conclusion The two ADHD subgroups in high risk adolescents had differences on temperamental activity level and on goodness of fit about positive mood. In addition, they had different patterns in externalizing/internalizing problems.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.56-72
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose is to analyze the effects of parent training interventions in reducing the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to provide a basis for the effects. Methods : We collected literature published in international academic journals from 2009 to 2019 through ProQuest and Scopus databases. The search key terms were (ADHD OR Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) AND (Parent OR Mother OR Father) AND (Training OR Program OR Therapy OR Intervention) AND (Randomized OR Randomised OR Randomly). The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies, and a meta-analysis was conducted through Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0. Results : Of 628 studies that we reviewed, 20 were eligible for inclusion. of parental training interventions for children with ADHD appeared close to a medium effect size while parent-child interventions (0.639) appeared to have a medium to large effect size. Oppositional defiant behavior and conduct disorder (0.737) in children and children's emotions (0.679) appeared close to a large effect size. ADHD symptoms hyperactivity and impulsivity (0.590) and child behavior (0.521) appeared to be over a medium effect size. We chose a random-effects model since heterogeneity tests showed significant results. Conclusion : We were able to confirm the effects of parent training interventions on the symptoms of children with ADHD. This will be used as evidence to provide a clinical basis for occupational therapists. More research related to parental training interventions should be carried out to ensure better reporting in the future.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2006

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in Korean children. Method : This case-control study included 69 patients with atopic dermatitis and 42 normal students. Diagnoses of atopic dermatitis and assessments of its severity were made by the dermatologist. The MAST tests were administered to atopic dermatitis patients. The parents of all of the subjects completed the parent versions of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV(ARS). Results: Compared to the normal control group, the atopic dermatitis group scored significantly higher in the total, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity profiles of the ARS(t=3.35, p<0.01 : t=6.41, p<0.01 ; t=3.93, p<0.01, respectively), The atopic dermatitis patients with ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity subtype showed more severe symptoms of atopic dermatitis than those with ADHD inattentive subtype. The MAST-positive atopic dermatitis patients showed significantly increased incidence of ADHD symptoms than the MAST-negative counterparts. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest the possibility of an association between IgE-mediated atopic responsiveness and ADHD symptomatology.