• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.882-892
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate several indicators of fruit maturity, and expert sensory evaluation was done to determine the most appropriate maturity time for the new Korea grape cultivar 'doonuri' for high quality winemaking. The grape component changed dramatically during ripening, after veraison. Considerable drops in berry firmness (<0.60 kgf/$cm^2$) and titratable acidity (<0.66%) were found at the ripening stage while the soluble solid content significantly increased in the ripening process. Most of the organic acids contained were tartaric and malic acid. The malic acid content was about twice the tartaric acid content in the fruit-growing period but was less than the tartaric acid content in the maturity period. The total anthocyanin and polyphenol contents increased sharply after veraison. In particular, the total anthocyanin and polyphenol contents reached their maximum levels when the acidity was 0.55%, and after that, there was almost no change. Correlations between anthocyanin accumulation and several factors were found in sugar 0.7811 (p<0.05), pH 0.9315 (p<0.05), and Brix/acid ratio 0.9409 (p<0.05). $Brix{\times}pH^2$ and brix/acid ratio were used as indicators of the proper maturation of the grapes when the acidity was 0.53 to 0.55%, and at sugar 17 Brix. When surveyed, the quality characteristics and sensory evaluation of the wine made using the latest harvested grapes showed the most reliable sourness. The color, aroma, and overall harmony of the wine, however, were evaluated to be the best when the wine acidity was about 0.60% or when the grape acidity was below 0.55%.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.51-62
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• 1985

일반적으로 과수라 하면 사과, 배, 포도, 감, 밤 등 많은 종류가 포함되며 그들을 함께 묶어 해충관리에 대한 얘기를 하기는 어려움으로 여기서는 주로 사과, 배, 복숭아를 중심으로 많이 발생되는 주요 해충들에 대해서만 언급하기로 한다. 과수의 전 생육기간을 통하여 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 과실 등을 가해하는 해충들을 대별하여 보면 나방류 해충으로 잎을 말고 가해하는 심식충류, 잎의 조직속으로 굴을 파고 들어가는 굴나방류, 성숙한 과실로부터 당분을 흡즙함으로서 피해를 입히는 과실 흡아류를 비롯하여 줄기속을 가해하는 유리나방, 하늘소 등의 줄기식입해충, 진딧물을 비롯한 각종의 잎 가해해충 그리고 곤충은 아니지만 일반적으로 편의상 곤충에 포함되어 취급되고 있는 응애류 등 각양각색이다. 우리나라에서는 이들 과수해충들에 대한 조사연구가 극히 미비한 상태로 주로 일본의 연구결과를 토대로 모든 방제대책을 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 이들 과수해충들에 대해 연구하는 전문가가 국내에는 몇사람 되지않는 것이 심히 유감스러운 일이다. 본호에서는 이들 해충들중 여름철에 문제되는 종류들을 중심으로 그들의 개략적인 생태와 방제요령을 알아본다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1984

Volatiles from Mallus pumila Miller Var. Fuji, Ralls Janet and Jonathan during maturity were examined. The volatiles of apples were collected by the headspace trapping method using. Tenax GC and identified by gas liquid chromatography and GC-mass spectrometry. Among over 34 GLC peaks, 23 esters, 9 alcohols and 2 aldehydes were identified. The quantity of volatiles produced was increased in proportion to the degree of maturity, and 1-butanol, isobutyl butyrate, 2-pentanol, ethyl valerate and hexanal were major.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.317-320
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• 2009

'Niitaka' (Pyrus pyriforia) has been the major cultivar of the Asian pear since the 1970s, and yielded about 70% of pear production in South Korea in 2002. When Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving Day) is earlier than the fruit maturation period, farmers seek to advance the harvesting date to keep pace with the increase in consumer demand caused by the holiday. However, unripened fruit is of suboptimal marketable value because the flesh has a low soluble solid content, the fruit color is not attractive, and stone volume is high. Compost treatment can enhance soil microbial activity and affect soil chemistry, which may accelerate fruit maturation and allow an earlier harvesting date. Therefore, we examined the effect of 2 years of compost application on the fruit quality of Asian pear trees grown under conventional management conditions. The Hunter "L" and "a" values were higher in compost-treated fruit, which also showed greater sweetness and lower acidity than did conventional fruit. The stone volume was reduced and fruit calcium concentration was increased by compost treatment. Therefore, compost treatment may advance fruit harvesting owing to the increased marketability afforded by attractive skin color, sweetness, and reduced stone volume.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to select the affected main factors on growth and fruit characteristics of 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) in 25 factors of air temperature factors in Naju. Mean air temperature, cumulative temperature and days for March and April of 25 factors were the highest annual variation. Number of the first and second principal components extracted from 25 air temperature factors were 14 and 3 factors related with mean temperature for annul and April, and cumulative contribution of these was 52.2%. Also the affected years by the first principal components were 1990, 1980 and 1986. Annual standard deviation on leafing, flowering and maturing date were 4.0~6.7 days range, and flowering date and days from leafing to flowering had the highest coefficient of variation. Annual variation of days from flowering to maturing date was affected by greatly mean air temperature and days of cumulative temperature in October, days from March 1 to leafing date was affected by cumulative temperature for growing period, days from leafing to flowering date was affected by mean air temperature in April. Annual variation of fruit weight was affected by mean air temperature for March and October.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water states (water, osmotic potential and turgor pressure) of fruit vesicle and leaf on soluble solids and organic acid contents of fruits of 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrid, M16 A line during the fruit maturing season in plastic house cultivation. The 'Shirauhi' grafted on 'Swingle citrumelo', strong strength of rootstock, produced fruit with lower soluble solids and organic acid content than 'Trifoliate' orange rootstock. The fruits vesicle water potential and turgor pressure measured before dawn in 'Swingle citrumelo' were higher tendency than the 'Trifoliate' orange, but osmotic potential values were lower than the 'Trifoliate' orange. The changes of leaf water potential were very similar to the fruit. The results suggest that in the 'Shirauhi' fruits grafted on two rootstocks changes of soluble solids and organic acid content of the fruit were influenced by the leaf water potential and the osmotic potential of the fruit vesicles, which might be caused by the difference of root distribution between two rootstocks.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.270-278
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• 2022

This study was conducted using deep learning technology to classify for 'Mihwang' peach maturity with RGB images and fruit quality attributes during fruit development and maturation periods. The 730 images of peach were used in the training data set and validation data set at a ratio of 8:2. The remains of 170 images were used to test the deep learning models. In this study, among the fruit quality attributes, firmness, Hue value, and a^* value were adapted to the index with maturity classification, such as immature, mature, and over mature fruit. This study used the CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) models for image classification; VGG16 and InceptionV3 of GoogLeNet. The performance results show 87.1% and 83.6% with Hue left value in VGG16 and InceptionV3, respectively. In contrast, the performance results show 72.2% and 76.9% with firmness in VGG16 and InceptionV3, respectively. The loss rate shows 54.3% and 62.1% with firmness in VGG16 and InceptionV3, respectively. It considers increasing for adapting a field utilization with firmness index in peach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 1986

Pectic substance of hot pepper crude cell wall was fractionated during ripening and softening. The pectic substance was divided ionically associated pectin(IAP) and covalently bounded pectin with hemicellulose(CBP). And then, the composition and the modification of the pectic substance using gel filtration chromatography were studied. The polyuronide associated with the CBP increased owing to decreasing of pectin bound hemicellulose linked to galactose by the turning stage showed softening. The molecular weight profiles of IAP shifted from low molecular weight profiles of IAP shifted from low molecular weight to high molecular weight polymers. While, the CBP changed from high molecular weight to low molecular weight polymers during ripening. It is suggested that the changes in the pectic substance associated with fruit softening should involve the alteration of CBP-bound hemicellulose like galactan.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the influences of winter and summer pruning on the yield and fruit quality in southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. hybrid) cv. 'Misty'. The 5-year-old southern highbush blueberry 'Misty' were used. The pruning treatments were as follows: 1) control (no pruning), 2) winter pruning (30% removed), and 3) winter pruning + summer pruning (Aug. 5). Fruits harvested for six times over the harvest season and measured yields, unmarketable fruit (defected and immature fruit), changes of each fruit weight and analyzed fruit characteristics, such as total sugar, total anthocyanin contents and total phenolic contents. The differential pruning treatments were not significant for fruit yields of southern highbush 'Misty'. No pruning treatment showed regular yields after the 2nd harvest, but the other pruning treatments were appeared that fruit yields were more concentrated on the 2nd~4th harvest time. Total sugar and total phenolic contents were observed the highest at the 4th time among the harvest period. No pruning treatment showed the highest unmarketable fruit yield at 57%, however, that of winter pruning and winter + summer pruning treatment occurred at 26%, 31%, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.481-487
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• 1999

This study was determined to change in chemical composition of Mume(Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) fruits during maturation. There were no differences in the soluble solid and moisture content among varieties, but the soluble solid slowly increased with maturing. The pH and ash content were slightly decreased with maturation. The green color of 'Nanko' fruits was maintained for 92days after full bloom at the greeness value of -3.81 Whereas, the chlorophyll content of 'Koume' fruits remarkably decreased and it was not suitable for the processing of immature green Mume fruits. The titratable acidity increased during maturation. The organic acids were mainly composed of malic acid and citric acid. The malic acid was significantly decreased during maturation, whereas citric acid increased. Major free sugars and sugar alcohols were sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol and maltose. Sucrose content increased as the maturity proceeded, whereas glucose and sorbitol were decreased. The total contesnt of free amino acids decreased with maturation and the total free amino acids in the flesh of fruits were occupied by asparagine at the range of 60 to 78%.