• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 1996

경북지역 재래종에 더뎅이병 저항성을 도입하기 위하여 작성한 칼미초$\times$PI271322, 수비초$\times$PI271322 조합의 BC\ulcornerF\ulcorner와 BC\ulcornerF\ulcorner세대로부터 BC\ulcornerF\ulcorner와 BC\ulcornerF\ulcorner세대까지 선발과 자식을 실시하였다. 이 결과 각 재래종의 원예적 특성에 PI271322에 들어있는 과민반응형 저항성 유전자 Bs\ulcorner와 비과민형의 일반저항성을 함께 가지는 계통이 육성되었다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.779-789
• /
• 2016

A total of 33 accessions of pepper (Capsicum spp.), including previously reported and newly discovered sources of resistance to bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, were evaluated for their resistance to bacterial spot. The selected accessions were then grown and their horticultural characteristics were recorded. In a test for hypersensitive resistance (HR) to four races (P1, P3, P7, P8) of the pathogen found in Korea, KC00939 and Chilbok No.2, which carry the Bs2 gene, exhibited a hypersensitive response to all four races, as expected. Chilbok No.3, which carries the Bs3 gene, showed a hypersensitive reaction to race 1 and 7, as expected. KC00939 exhibited a high ASTA color value and tolerance to multiple infections from a viral complex of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV). Thus, this accession represents a promising genetic resource for breeding cultivars with multiple disease resistance and strong red coloration. KC01327, KC01617, KC01015, KC01760, KC01779, KC01137, KC01328, KC01006, KC00127, KC01704, and KC00995 did not exhibit hypersensitivity but showed a high level of general resistance when evaluated by spray inoculation. KC01617, KC01760, KC01779, KC01137, KC01704, and KC01777 are newly identified sources of resistance to bacterial spot. The previously and newly identified sources of resistance to bacterial spot evaluated in this study, including information about their resistance to CMV and BBWV complex in the field, the contents of pungent and sweet taste components, and the color values of dry fruits, will be useful for breeding pepper cultivars with resistance to bacterial spot.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 1991

PI201232, a pepper line resistant to Phytophthora capsici Leonian, was crossed with PI2713222 and P1163192, resistant to Xanthomonas campestTis pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye and inheritance of the resistance to each disease and genetic relationship between the two disease resistances was studied. Non-hypersensitive resistance to race 3 of X. c. pv. vesicatoria of PI271322 was inherited in a quantitative mode. Resitance to P. capsici of PI201232 was inherited in a mode close to two dominant alleles. Hypersensitive resistance to race 1 of X. c. pv. vesicatoria of PI271322 was inherited in a mode of single dominant allele. PI 163192 was consistently resistant to both race 1 and race 3 of X c. pv. vesicatoria and the resistance was inherited in a quantitative mode with high dominance effect. Resistance to X. c. pv. vesicatoria was inherited independently from resistance to P. capsici.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.12
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 1994

A leading sweet pepper cultivar, Keystone Resistant Giant #3, was crossed with a line with resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, PI271322, for incorporation of the resistance and to study the inheritance of resistance to the disease. Seedlings of parents, $F_1$, $F_2$ and backcross populations of a cross between Keystone Resistant Giant #3 and PI271322 were inoculated with race 1 and race 3 of Xanthamonas campestris pv. vesicatoria by infiltrating bacterial suspension into abaxial side of leaves. PI271322 was carrying a gene ($Bs_3$) for hypersensitive resistance to race 1 of X. c. pv. vesicatoria and also a component of non-hypersensitive resistance to race 3 inheriting in a quantitative mode. Correlation coefficient between disease indices to race 1 and race 3 of non-hypersensitive plants in $F_2$ population was highly significant, thus indicating that a component of non-hypersensitive general resistance in PI271322 acted consistently to both races. Individual plants with resistance to both race 1 and race 3 of X. c. pv. vesicatoria were selected and a breeding program for incorporation of the resistance is continued.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 1998

Background: Bronchial asthma is a complex disease, which is characterized by spontaneous exacerbations of airway obstruction and persistent bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Animal models have fallen short of reproducing the human disease, particularly in mimicking the spontaneous and persistent airflow obstruction that characterized in asthma. In animals, airflow obstruction is usually assessed by measuring airflow resistance during tidal breathing under such invasive technique as tracheostomy and anesthesia. A noninvasive technique for measuring pulmonary function in small animals is needed to evaluate long-term changes in lung function during the course of experimentally produced disease without sacrificing the animal. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate early bronchoconstrcition after allergen challenge and airway responsiveness (AR) to inhaled methacholine in nonanethetized, unrestrained guinea pigs. Method: Guinea pig model of asthma was sensitized by subcutaneous injection with ovalbumin and challenged by inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin(1% wt/vol ovlabumin). Airflow obstruction of conscious guinea pig was measured as specific airway resistance (airway resistance $\times$ thoracic gas volume). Airway resistance and thoracic gas volume of conscious guinea pig were assessed by body plethysmography before challenge and at regular intervals for as long as 30 minutes after challenge. AR to aerosolized methacholine of asthma group was compared with that of control group in body plethysmography. Result: Asthma model<> developed in 13 (65%) among 20 guinea pigs, in which early responses occurred in the airways after the exposure to inhalation with ovalbumin. Airway challenge with ovalbumin caused increase in specific airway resistance, which peaked at 6 minutes and amounted to a $231.5{\pm}30.4%$ increase from baseline. AR to aerosolized methacholine of asthma model increased significantly compared with control group. Conclusion: These results have showed a useful animal model to evaluate early bronchoconstrcition after allergen challenge and airway responsiveness in nonanethetized, unrestrained guinea pigs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.12-28
• /
• 2001

Background and Object : Immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ISS CpG-ODN) up-regulate the $T_{H1}$-type immune response and down-regulate the $T_{H2}$-type response. This study was performed to investigate the immune response changes resulting from ISS CpG-ODN on bronchial hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in rat asthma. Materials and Methods : 10 normal controls(NC) and 26 asthmatic rats, which were generated by ovalbumin(OVA) sensitization and challenge, were studied. The asthmatic rats were randomized into 11 asthma controls(AC) and 15 in the asthma-CpG treatment group(CpG). The CpG group was administered ISS CpG-ODN intramuscularly and the AC group was administered a placebo(0.9% NaCl) on day 15 and 20. After CpG-ODN or placebo administration, we measured the IFN-${\gamma}$($T_{H1}$-type cytokine) and IL-4($T_{H2}$-type cytokine) levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), the specific airway resistance(sRaw), eosinophilic fraction in BALF, eosinophilic infiltration, goblet cell dysplasia and MUC5AC gene expression in the lung tissue. Results : In the BALF of the CpG group, the IFN-${\gamma}$ concentration was significantly high and the IL-4 concentration was significantly low when compared with the AC group. Both the sRaw and eosinophilic fraction, and infiltration into the BALF and lung tissue significantly lower in the CpG group when compared with the AC group. However, little difference in goblet cell dysplasia and MUC5AC gene expression was observed between the CpG group and the AC group. Conclusion : ISS CpG-ODN decreases bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation in the rat asthma model through the up-regulation of the $T_{H1}$-type immune response with the down-regulation of the $T_{H2}$-type response. However, the effect of these immune response changes on mucus hypersecretion was is not remarkable in this study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 2000

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness(BHR) and inflammation. The cyclooxygenase(COX) is believed to be one of the important enzymes in these inflammatory reactions. Recently, the COX was divided into two isoforms, COX1 and COX2. COX2 is induced by lipopolysaccharide and some cytokines at the inflammation site. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2), produced from COX2, may affect airway inflammation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of COX2 inhibitor on COX2 expression, plasma PGE2, airway resistance and histologic finding in an animal asthma model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. The normal control group did not receive any treatment, but the asthma control group was sensitized by ovalbumin but not treated with the COX2 inhibitor(nimesulide, Mesulid$^{(R)}$). The treatment group was sensitized and treated with nimesulide. Specific airway resistance(sRaw) before and after nimesulide ingestion was investigated. The PGE2 level in the plasma was examined and COX2 immunogold-silver stain on lung tissue was performed. Results: sRaw and eosionophilic infiltration on airway, which increased in the asthma control group, was compared to normal control(p=0.014). However, there was no difference in eosinophilic infiltration between asthma control and treatment groups(p=0.408) and no difference in COX2 expression on bronchiolar epithelium among the three groups. Plasma PGE2 levels were not statically different among the three groups. Conclusion: The role of COX2 in the allergen-induced BHR was not significant The effect of nimesulide was not observed on BHR, COX2 expression, and plasma PGE2 level. Therefore, COX2 may not be a major substance of allergic asthma.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.450-456
• /
• 2016

Rhizoctonia leaf blight (large patch) has become a serious problem in Korean lawn grass, which is extremely hard to treat and develops mostly from the roots of lawn grass to wither it away. Rhizoctonia leaf blight (large patch) is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 (IV). To develop zoysia japonica with strong disease tolerance against this pathogenic bacterium, ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$ was cloned from zoysia japonica, which is one of the PR-Proteins known to play a critical role in plant defense reaction. ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$ is known to be generated within the cells when plant tissues have a hypersensitive reaction due to virus or bacterium infection and secreted outside the cells to play mainly the function of resistance against pathogenic bacteria in the space between the cells. This study utilized the commonly preserved part in the sequence of corn, wheat, barley, and rice which had been researched for their disease tolerance among the ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$ monocotyledonous plants. Based on the part, degenerate PCR was performed to find out the sequence and full-length cDNA was cloned. E.coli over-expression was conducted in this study to mass purify target protein and implement in vitro activation measurement and antibacterial test. In addition, to interpret the functions of ZjGlu1 gene, each gene-incorporating plant transformation vectors were produced to make lawn grass transformant. Based on ZjGlu1 protein, antibacterial activity test was conducted on 9 strains. As a result, R. cerealis, F. culmorum, R.solani AG-1 (1B), and T. atroviride were found to have antibacterial activity. The gene-specific expression amount in each organ showed no huge difference in the organs based upon the transformant and against 18s gene expression amount.