• The tire
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• s.80
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• pp.41-45
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• 1979

편집자주 : 일반적으로 공해중에서도 가장 심한 것이 소음과 진동문제로 생각된다. 고무공업에 있어서의 소음과 진동은 지산업에 비해 다소 적다고 한다. 용도지역별로 보면 지산업과 마찬가지고 거주지역과 준공업지역에서 압도적으로 많다고 한다. 한편 최근에는 저주파진동(공기진동)까지도 주의할 필요가 있다고 한다. 본고는 일본 석천도방음공업(주)의 연구논문에거 발췌한 것으로, 특히 고무공장의 공해문제대책에 많은 도움이 되었으면 합니다.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 수상구간의 우물통 기초 철거공법을 약액(팽탕성 과괴제) 주임공법에서 발파공법으로 변경하여 공사기간을 단축시키면서도 주변의 보안물건에 대한 공해를 발생시키지 않고 안전하게 공사하여 원가를 절감한 사례를 중심으로 발파공법을 고찰하였다.

• Environmental engineer
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• v.18 s.185
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• pp.51-55
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• 2002

우리나라는 1991년에 중앙환경분쟁조정위원회를, 일본은 1972년 공해등조정위원회를 설립하여 환경분쟁조정제도를 운영하고 있다. 두 나라의 제도는 법률적 체계가 유사하지만 운영해 오면서 그 나라의 특성에 맞게 발전하여 왔다. 이 글에서는 두 나라의 환경분쟁조정 제도의 내용 및 운영에 대하여 비교 검토해 보고자 한다. 일본과 관련된 내용은 일본의 공해등조정위원회 `99연차보고서를 주로 참고 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.507-516
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• 1999

More than twenty-five major international bodies of water bear the names of particular nations or states. Many of these are not names are widely accepted, but considerable disagreement has developed in some cases. A systematic examination of the level of conflict over the use of national names for international bodies of water indicates that conflict is most likely to develop where shifting power relations among interested states produce concern about the hegemonic ambitions of the state after which the body of water is named. This is the case in the three situations where considerable contention exists over the use of a national name for an international body of water: the Persian Gulf/Arabian Sea, the Sea of Japan/East Sea, and the South China SealBien Dong. Cases evidencing little contention are those where either no state has a significant interest in the naming issue, or where the name that is attached to the body of water is that of a state that has not been a historic threat to others in the region. Naming international bodies of water after nations or states is potentially problematic because such appellations can connote ownership or control by a single people or political entity. An understanding of the controversies surrounding these place names requires consideration of the geopolitical context in which they are embedded.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.484-489
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• 2014

In this paper, we examined factors that influenced light pollution in Korean national parks during peak and off-peak tourist seasons. Cloud-and moonlight-free nighttime satellite images that were collected during October 2012(for peak season) and January 2013(for off-peak season) by the Day and Night Band (DNB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor were used to estimate the levels of light pollution in 19 national parks (excluding the Bukhansan and Mudeungsan National Parks). Bootstrapping regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of socioeconomic and policy factors on light pollution in the study national parks for peak and off-peak tourist seasons, separately. The characteristics of light pollution in the national parks varied by season. During the peak tourist season, light pollution in the national parks were affected more by night lights nearby the parks than those within in the parks, while in the off-peak season, light sources in the parks were more important. Scattering of light emitted from hotels and other recreational facilities outside the parks that led to the sky glow effect can be attributed to the greater impact of night lights nearby the parks during the peak season. This result suggests that regulating light pollution nearby the park areas is needed to mitigate light pollution in the national parks, especially in a peak tourist season.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.3 s.68
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• pp.216-224
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• 2007

Blasting, using shock and dynamic energy of explosive, is very effective tunnel excavation method. But it had serious problem which is the blast vibration and over-break. In recent study, pre-cracked excavation method using notch hole reduced blast vibration and over-break in tunnel, so we performed study about developing notch bit system for making notch hole. In order to make notch hole effectively we had perform drilling experiments changing length and height of notch and in order to improve speed and precision of drilling we had developed notch bit system which consists of drilling bit, notch bit, adapter and notch guide.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Artificial lighting is an essential part, but it causes light pollution due to unnecessary or excessive use of light. Light pollution has negative effects such as power waste, adverse health effects, destruction of the ecosystem. But currently, light pollution is managed only post-management. The purpose of this study is to standardize methods of environmental impact assessment focusing on light pollution to effectively manage and reduce the negative effect of areas that may cause light pollution in advance.

• Strategy21
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• s.45
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• pp.60-90
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• 2019

The use of the high seas are supported by the two pillars of customary principles --the freedom of navigation and the flag state control on its vessels, which are codified in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. There have been attempts to limit and retrain the two pillars as maritime regimes are newly created to address new maritime threats, while coastal stares' control over the seas expand. The pillars have been created over thousands years since human beings took to the sea and have served as a foundation to use the oceans peacefully and orderly. Therefore, any retreat or exception from these principles would undermine the fundamental framework for the use of the oceans and eventually these regimes would be subject to control of maritime powers. In conclusion, new maritime regimes such as the sanction measures on North Korea should be enforced within the framework of international law and comply with the fundamental principles such as innocent passage and the freedom of navigation at the high seas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

This study characterized the spatial and seasonal patterns of light pollution in the Deogyusan National Park and examined the potential effects of light pollution on ecosystems in the park using light intensities derived from VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) DNB (Day and Night Band) nightlight images collected in January and August 2018. Results showed that the Muju Deogyusan resort had the greatest light intensity than other sources of light pollution in the park, and light intensity of the resort was much higher in January than in August, suggesting that artificial lights in ski slopes and facilities were the major source of light pollution in the park. An analysis of an urban-natural light pollution gradient along a neighboring urban area through the inside of the park indicated that light radiated from a light pollution source permeated for up to 1km into the adjacent area and contaminated the edge area of the park. Of the legally protected species whose distributions were reported in literature, four mammals (Martes flavigula, Mustela nivalis, Prionailurus bengalensis, Pteromys volans aluco), two birds (Falco subbuteo, Falco tinnunculus), and nine amphibians and reptiles (Onychodactylus koreanus, Hynobius leechii, Karsenia koreana, Rana dybowskii, Rana huanrenensis, Elaphe dione, Rhabdophis tigrinus, Gloydius ussuriensis, Gloydius saxatilis) inhabited light-polluted areas. Of those species inhabiting light-polluted areas, nocturnal species, such as Prionailurus bengalensis and Pteromys volans aluco, in particular, were vulnerable to light pollution. These results implied that protecting ecosystems from light pollution in national parks requires managing nighttime light in the parks and surrounding areas and making a plan to manage nighttime light pollution by taking into account ecological characteristics of wild animals in the parks.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.201-224
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• 2017

The main subject of this article focused on the legal status of the military aircraft in the high seas. For this the legal status of the military aircraft, the freedom of overflight, the right of hot pursuit, the right of visit and Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) were dealt. The 1944 Chicago Convention neither explicitly nor implicitly negated the customary norms affecting the legal status of military aircraft as initially codified within the 1919 Paris Convention. So the status of military aircraft was not redefined with the Chicago Convention and remains, as stated in the 1919 Paris Convention, as a norm of customary international law. The analyses on the legal status of the military aircraft in the high seas are found as follows; According to the Article 95 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) warships on the high seas have complete immunity from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State. We can suppose that the military aircraft in the high seas have also complete immunity from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State. According to the Article 111 (5) of the UNCLOS the right of hot pursuit may be exercised only by warships or military aircraft, or other ships or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service and authorized to that effect. We can conclude that the right of hot pursuit may be exercised by military aircraft. According to the Article 110 of the UNCLOS a warship which encounters on the high seas a foreign ship, is not justified in boarding it unless there is reasonable ground for suspecting that: (a) the ship is engaged in piracy, (b) the ship is engaged in the slave trade, (c) the ship is engaged in an unauthorized broadcasting and the flag State of the warship has jurisdiction under article 109, (d) the ship is without nationality, or (e) though flying a foreign flag or refusing to show its flag, the ship is, in reality, of the same nationality as the warship. These provisions apply mutatis mutandis to military aircraft. As for Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) it is established and declared unilaterally by the air force of a state for the national security. However, there are no articles dealing with it in the 1944 Chicago Convention and there are no international standards to recognize or prohibit the establishment of ADIZs. ADIZ is not interpreted as the expansion of territorial airspace.