• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.207-218
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• 2010

Objectives : This case report presents a 33-year-old male patient who complained chest pain and anxiety. diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia improved by Herbal Extracts. SRP(Stress Reduction Program) and Acupuncture treatment. Methods : In early treatment period. we evaluated his general psychological state through interview and self-questionnaires(STAI, SCL-90-R, STAXI, BDI) for treatment planing. And then we had prescribed herbal extracts for 20 weeks with applying SRP and acupuncture treatment. After 20 weeks we assessed his psychological symptoms with same evaluation tools. Results : After 20 weeks. We found that patient's somatic and psychological symptoms(anxiety, depression, anger) were alleviated. Frequency and severity of panic attacks were reduced also. Conclusions : Herbal extracts. especially Gyejigayonggolmoryo-tang(桂枝加龍骨牡蠣湯) and Jakyakgamcho-tang(芍藥甘草湯), may be useful therapeutic tool for control of panic attack symptoms and anxiety.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2014

Objective : Social Phobia is associated with extensive disability and reduced quality of life. The concept of 'social self' is a representation of the self-reflected in the eyes of others, and is recruited during self-face recognition, which is closely related to self-esteem. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship of face recognition for self and others using measures of social anxiety and self-esteem in patients with social phobia. Methods : Twenty-seven patients with social phobia and twenty-three normal controls were evaluated with scales of self-esteem, depression, anxiety and other psychiatric symptoms. All participants completed the self-face recognition task. Nine self-faces, nine other faces and eighty-one morphed faces were presented randomly for each trial. The participants were instructed to make a decision as to whether the stimuli were self-face or not. The responses and reaction times were recorded during the task. Results : There were no group differences of the morphing composition at the recognition start point as self-face. In patients with social phobia, the mean reaction time at the start point of recognizing as a self-face was 1,037.6 ms, which was significantly longer than that of normal controls (911.3 ms, p<0.05). Patients with social phobia showed a significant negative correlation between the mean reaction time and the severity of depression when the stimuli were recognized as a self-face (r=-0.421, p<0.05). Conclusion : A difficulty in attention rather than avoidance may be an important factor of face recognition in patients with social phobia. When considering self-face recognition in such patients, many factors, such as anxiety, depression, working memory and theory of mind, need to be considered.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2007

Objective : It is suggested that disturbance of dopaminergic system might be related to the possible mechanism of social phobia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of DRD2 TaqI polymorphism and social phobia. Method : Fifty-one patients with social phobia and 200 comparison subjects were tested for DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism. The severity of social phobic symptoms was measured by self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale(LSAS-SR) and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAM-A). Results : There was no signigicant difference in the genotype, allele frequency, A1 carrier frequency, and heterozygote frequency DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism between the social phobia patients and the control groups. However, we found significant decrease in somatic anxiety of the HAM-A in the patients having A2A2 homozygotes(p=0.014). In addition, patients having A1A2 heterozygotes showed more anxiety in two subscales (p=0.042 in anxiety, p=0.019 in performance) of the LSAS-SR. Conclusion : These results suggest that DRD2 A2 homozygote might have a protective role against somatic anxiety, and molecular heterosis of DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism might be related with more severe anxiety in social phobia.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

Objectives : Gender differences in demographic characteristics, symptom presentation, and severity may influence the selection of target behaviors as well as the course and outcome of therapeutic interventions for patients with social phobia. The purpose of this study was to explore the gender differences in the symptomatic characteristics of Korean patients with social phobia. Methods : A total of 256 outpatients with social phobia at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were included in this study. All subjects were evaluated using the Korean version of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus. Potential differences in demographic characteristics, severity of anxiety, and situational fear and avoidance were examined. Self-report questionnaires and interviewer-administered instruments, including the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Social Phobia subscale of the Fear Questionnaire (FQ-social), Appraisal of Social Concerns (ASC), and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), were used to evaluate the severity of the patients' symptoms. Results : There were no gender differences in demographic characteristics, age, age at onset of social phobia, total SPS score, FQ-Social score, ASC score, and LSAS score. In addition, there was no gender difference in the severity of fear in specific social situations. However, women reported significantly higher total scores on the social helplessness category of the ASC than men (p=0.009). Conclusion : Previous studies reported that the severity of social phobia symptoms is greater in women than in men, but our results suggest that there are no significant gender differences in the severity of social phobia symptoms. Thus, gender differences among patients with social phobia are discussed in the context of traditional sex-role expectations.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.138-146
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• 1992

The study presented the experience of playtherapy of a 6-yr old girl with elective mutism and attempted to understand her psychopathology and formulated her psychodynamic which was expressed though the therapeutic process of playtherapy in the viewpoint of developmental model. Therapist's attitude was nondirective and supportive. Main theme of her play, fantasy and art was separation anxiety and abandonment fear as the result of continued psychic traumas such as separation from her grandmother and physical abuse by her father and mother etc. So she couldn't achieve developmental tasks such as autonomy and separation individuation and became generally inhibited and selectively mute. The process of play therapy was summarized and coceptualized as her successful progress through sequential developmental phases within the therapeutic relation ship. By reexperiencing this developmental process, she could accomplish her autonomy and separation individuation and developed to oedipal stage and successfully resolve oedipal conflict.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.3 s.51
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• pp.715-725
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• 1995

This study was done for identifying the factors which affect psychologic symptoms of low back(LBP) patients. The study subjects were 43 work-related low back pain patients, 28 work-related non-low back pain patients and 47 general low back injury patients. The study materialis SCL 90-R for checking psychologic symptoms and questionnaire for obtaining general information about the subjects. The data were analyzed by model of analysis of covariance adjusted by several variables such as gender, age, education and marital status and then compared the least square means of symptom score between groups. To identify the factors that affect psychologic symptom, duration of suspension, return to work and interaction factor of these two variables were analyzed by multivariate model and we calcuated partial correlation coefficient of these variables. As a result, work-related LBP patients showed higher score of symptoms in somatization, depression and psychosis than work-related non-LBP and non-work-related LBP. Duration of suspension and return to work were significant explanatory variables for psychologic symptom score of work-related LBP. Then, we may conclude that the treatment and rehabilitation programe for work-related LBP should cover the strategy of early return to work.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2002

Objectives : The object of this study was to compare perceived stress and quality of life among patients with HIV infection, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls Methods: Stress Response Inventory(SRI) and Symptom checklist 90-Revised(SCL-90-R) were used to measure perceived stress responses and psychopathology. Smithklein Beecham quality of life scale was used to measure quality of life. Results : Patients with HIV infection scored significantly higher on scores of tension, anger, depression, fatigue and frustration subscale of the SRI than those with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls. Scores of the SCL-90-R, somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism subscale were also significantly higher in patients with HIV infection than those with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls. Patients with HIV infection scored significantly lower in quality of life than those with pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients with HIV infection, age had a significantly negative correlation with scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism sub scale of the SCL-90-R. but the level of education had a significantly positive correlation with somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism sub scale of the SCL-90-R. Conclusion : The results suggest that patients with HIV positive were likely to have higher levels of perceived stress response and psychopathology, and lower quality of life than those with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.225-237
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Relationshipss of Ego-Identity, Social support and Mental health of Adolescents. The subjects for this study were 347 adolescents composed of 169 middle school students, 347 high school students in Kyung-gi Do. The data was conducted by using a correlations coefficient and the multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: First correlations among measured subordinate variables of Ego-Identity, Social support on subordinate variables of Mental health of Adolescents were significant. except compulsiveness and support of friend, hostility, phobia and support of teacher, somatization and confidence of one's future, intimacy, support of teacher, support of friend, depression, psychosis and confidence of one's future. Second, the result of the multiple regression analysis, the significant variables affected mental health are ranked in the order of self-acceptance, aim for goal, support of parents, intimacy, independence. while confidence of one's future, leading, support of teacher, support of friend are not significant. The result of this study shows that adolescents of high level of self-acceptance, aim for goal, intimacy, independence and perceived highly support of teacher are high level of mental health.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.203-211
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of some adult dental fear and depression, and stress. Among the patients who came to the dental clinic for periodontal treatment, 68 patients who agreed to participate in the study and who met the selection criteria were included. Dental fear, depression symptom questionnaire, salivary cortisol, which can objectively evaluate blood pressure, pulse, and stress. The results of the analysis showed that depressive symptom was related to 'delayed treatment promise', 'cancellation of treatment appointment', 'increased muscle tension', 'rapid breathing when entering dentistry', 'fear when waiting in the waiting room', 'fear when you smell the hospital', 'fear when looking at the dental clinic', 'fear when seeing the anesthetic needle', 'fear when tooth whistle was heard', 'fear when teeth were removed', and 'total fear of dentistry'(p<0.05). Stress symptoms were higher in 'having sweated in the dentist', 'faster pulse', 'fear of entering the dentist' and 'total fear of the dentist'(p<0.05). Based on these results, it is necessary to study the effective methods to control the depressive symptoms and stress of patients who visit dental clinics, and it seems that continuous management is needed to prepare methods such as relaxation therapy for dental fear patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.225-241
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• 2001

구취에 대한 환자의 주관적 감각은 다양한 심리학적 요소들에 의하여 영향을 받을 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 구취 환자의 심리학적 특징을 살펴보기 위하여, 구취를 주소로 내원한 환자 446명과 일반적인 치과 치료를 위하여 내원한 환자 63명을 대상으로 간이정신진단검사 (SCL-90-R), 구취 설문검사, 구취 측정 검사를 시행하여 분석한 결과 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 남성 구취 환자와 여성 구취 환자의 연령분포는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.001). 남성에서는 20대, 30대, 40대에 고르게 분포한 반면, 여성에서는 20대와 30대에 집중되어 분포하였다. 2. 구취의 인식 유형은 남녀간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.01). 구취 인식 유형 중 타인에 의한 지적이나 타인의 행동으로 인한 추측 없이 스스로 구취를 인지하는 유형은 여성 구취 환자에서만 관찰되었다. 3. 구취 환자는 대조군에 비하여 강박증, 불안, 적대감, 전체심도지수에서 높은 수치를 보였다 (p<0.05). 4. 여성 구취 환자는 남성 구취 환자에 비하여 강박증(p<0.05), 불안 (p<0.05), 편집증 (p<0.001)에서 높은 수치를 보였다. 5. 남성 구취 환자에서는 표출증상합계를 (p<0.05) 제외한 모든 간이정신진단검사 항목에서 고농도 VSC군과 저농도 VSC군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 여성 구취 환자에서는 저농도 VSC군이 신체화를 제외한 모든 간이정신진단검사 항목에서 고농도 VSC군에 비하여 높은 수치를 보였다 (p<0.05). 6. 여성 구취 환자에서 주관적 구취심도는 강박증, 대인예민성, 불안, 적대감, 공포불안, 전체심도지수, 표출증상심도지수 들과 유의한 상관관계를 보였고 (p<0.05), 주관적 구취불편감은 모든 간이정신진단검사 항목들과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다 (p<0.05).