• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2008

The methods of surface modification of commercial implants were various according to the manufacturer. Surface modification of implant may produce diverse physical and chemical surface characteristics resulted from the treatment method and treatment condition. As a result, the bone response might be different. Even though surface modified implants have been used clinically, most researches are focusing on the bone response of surface modified implants comparing to machined implants rather than surface modified commercial implants. This study compare and analyze bone responses of 4 surface modified commercial implants with different shapes and surfaces. Eighty surface modified commercial implants with 4 different surface characteristics were installed in the tibia of white Newzealand rabbits. Biomechanical stability tests and histomorphometric evaluation were done. The results were as follows: 1. Surface modified commercial implants showed stable osseointegration at 6 weeks after installation. 2. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that there was no significant differences in bone to implant contact among 4 different commercial titanium implants. In comparing the implants with different shape the measurement of bone growth in subcortical area would be more reliable than entire bone to implant contact length. 3. Resonance Frequency Analysis showed that there was no significant differences among 4 types of implants, even though they were significantly different in installation. 4. There was significant differences in interfacial shear strength among 4 type of implants. 5. It is difficult to observe accurate bone to implant interface using Micro-CT. However, it is possible to measure the entire contact length of the implant to the bone.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

In this paper, a high LO-RF isolation W-band MIMIC single-balanced mixer was designed and fabricated using a branch line coupler and a ${\lambda}/4$ transmission line. The W-band MIMIC single-balanced mixer was designed using the $0.1\;{\mu}m$ InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs Metamorphic HEMT diode. The fabricated MHEMT was obtained the cut-off frequency($f_T$) of 154 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency($f_{max}$) of 454 GHz. The designed MIMIC single-balanced mixer was fabricated using $0.1\;{\mu}m$ MHEMT MIMIC process. From the measurement, the conversion loss of the single-balanced mixer was 12.8 dB at an LO power of 8.6 dBm. P1 dB(1 dB compression point) of input and output were 5 dBm and -8.9 dBm, respectively. The LO-RF isolations of single-balanced mixer was obtained 37.2 dB at 94 GHz. We obtained in this study a higher LO-RF isolation compared to some other balanced mixers in millimeter-wave frequencies.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.444-449
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• 2004

The microwave dielectric properties of low temperature sintered BaO-Nd$_2$O$_3$-TiO$_2$ (here after BNT) with a Pb-based glass-ceramics were studied in order to investigate their applicability to Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) for fabrication of multilayered Radio Frequency (RF) passive components module. The BNT ceramics, with 5∼30 wt% of PbO-TiO$_2$-A1$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ based glass-ceramics, were sintered at 105$0^{\circ}C$, which is lower than 130$0^{\circ}C$, sintering temperature of pure BNT ceramics. With increasing the amount of the glass-ceramics, sintering rate of the ceramics become activated due to the softening of glass, resulting in low-temperature densification. BaO-Nd$_2$O$_3$-TiO$_2$ microwave ceramics with 20 wt% glass-ceramics exhibit sintered relative densities over 95% and dielectric constant of 72, quality factor of 1500, and temperature coefficient of frequency of +22 ppm/$^{\circ}C$. This enhanced dielectric properties are attributed to mainly the presence of crystalline phases PbTiO$_3$ within the Pb-based glass.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.110
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• pp.605-614
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• 2006

In this paper, a 3D structure skimmer-shaped circular microstrip antenna is designed, the ends of whose both sides are made as DC(Depressed Carving part) applying perturbation effect to reduce the patch size of microstrip antenna operating at design frequency 1.575 GHz. The result shows its return loss, - 10 dB bandwidth, gain, - 3 dB beamwidth E, H-plane are -26.59 dB, 65 MHz(4.13 %), 4.66 dBd, $79^{\circ},\;87^{\circ}$ respectively. The diameter of the antenna is 85 mm, which is 12.4 % reduced compared to the size(97 mm) of general microstrip patch antenna. Therefore its area reduction is 23.2 %. Furthermore, a linear and circular polarized baseball-shaped circular microstrip antenna is designed to minimize the patch size of the antenna. This structure of antenna operating at the design frequency 1.575 GHz is applied with the optimum RC(Raised Carving part) & DC ratio and an asymptotic line angle. In case of linear polarized baseball-shaped circular microstrip antenna, the patch size of the antenna is 74 mm, which is 41.8 % area reduction compared to general microstrip patch antenna. In case of circular polarized baseball-shaped circular microstrip antenna, the diameter of patch is 82 mm, which is 28.5 % area reduction compare to general microstrip patch antenna linear polarized. We have verified that the perturbation effect can be applied to minimize the circular microstrip antenna.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2014

This paper describes an integrity evaluation method for emergency diesel generator(EDG) and rotor part of EDG. EDG is a very important equipment in the nuclear power plant(NPP). EDG supplies electricity to the safety-related equipments for the safety shut down of NPP in an emergency situation of earthquake. The safety of the rotor part of EDG is also important during seismic impact from earthquake. The finite element modelling of the EDG including rotor part was constructed. The modal analysis of EDG was firstly performed. The first natural frequency was calculated and revealed higher than the cutoff frequency of seismic spectrum. Then the stress analysis was done to compare with the allowable stress. The safety of the rotor part was investigated by the finite element analysis of the rotor and journal bearing interaction to find film thickness and critical speed. The seismic load was applied to rotor part in a manner that the load was a weighted static load. Analysis results showed that the maximum stress was within the range of allowable stress and the film thickness is larger than the permissible minimum thickness, and the critical speed was out of the operating speed. Hence, the structural and dynamic integrity of EDG could be confirmed by the numerical analysis method used in this paper. However, dynamic analysis of a rotating rotor and supporting bearing with the seismic impact needs to be investigated in a more rigorous method since the seismic load to the rotating part complicates the behavior of rotating system.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.10 s.269
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• pp.783-787
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• 2004

Microwave dielectric properties and the microstructure of $Ba_5Nb_4O_{15}$ ceramics with $PbO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ glass frit were investigated to reduce the sintering temperature of $Ba_5Nb_4O_{15}$ ceramics as a function of the amount of glass frit from $0.5wt\%$ to $10wt\%$ and the sintering condition. The sintered density and the microwave dielectric properties of $Ba_5Nb_4O_{15}$ ceramics were remarkably changed with the amount of glass fit which existed as a liquid phase and assisted the densification. $Ba_5Nb_4O_{15}$ with $3wt\%$ $PbO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ glass frit sintered at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2 h showed dielectric constant (K) of 41.4, a quality factor (Q $\times$f) of 13,485 GHz, and a Temperature Coefficient of resonant Frequency (TCF) of 9 ppm/$^{\circ}C$. Due to no trace of physical and chemical reaction between this composition and Ag electrode cofired at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, this ceramics can be a good candidate for the multilayer dielectric filter.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2003

In this paper, an investigation on the ZnO film deposition using radio-frequency magnetic sputtering techniques on aluminum bottom electrode for film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) filter applications and the temperature effects on the ZnO film growth is presented. The investigation on how much impact the actual process temperature may have on the crystal growth is more meaningful if it is considered that the piezoelectricity property of ZnO films plays a dominant role in determining the resonance characteristics of FBAR devices and the piezoelectricity is determined by the degree of the c-axis preferred orientation of the deposited ZnO films. In this experiment, it was found that the growth of ZnO crystals has a strong dependence on the deposition temperature ranged from room temperature to $350^{\circ}C$ regardless of the RF powers applied and there exist 3 temperature regions divided by 2 critical temperatures according to the degree of the c-axis preferred orientation. Overall, below $200^{\circ}C$, ZnO deposition results in columnar grains with a highly preferred c-axis orientation. With this ZnO film, a multilayered FBAR structure could be realized successfully.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.188-192
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• 2007

Today, the most pivotal issue in the national research and development, and national scientific and technical policy is to overcome uncertainties in the environment of technology development. The social and economic environment around us is at restricted uncertainty (complex system) where order and disorder coexist. Furthermore, the environment of technology development is more complicated. In order to bring about creativity in practices of technology development, we need a paradigm shift towards a new framework for the construction of the national scientific and technical information infrastructure, which entails a shift to creativity, self-organization and dynamic capability. The paradigm shift will lead the present scientific and technical information infrastructure which centers on information sharing, to move towards one that enables information coherence through self-organization. Thus, it is expected that the new Web 3.0 will provide a client-flexible analysis information system that will make information coherence and feedback possible. Through this system, the policy for the construction of a new scientific and technical infrastructure will evolve, which will bring about co-evolution of individual's knowledge through sharing of self-organizaed knowhow.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 1998

A three-dimensional numerical method based on the Green's integral equation is developed to predict the motion response and drift force in waves for the ocean monitoring facilities. In this method, we use source and doublet distribution, and triangular and rectangular eliments. To eliminate the irregular frequency phenomenon, the method of improved integral equation is applied and the time-mean drift force is calculated by the method of direct pressure integration over the body surface. To conform the validity of the present numerical method, some calculations for the floating sphere are performed and it is shown that the present method provides sufficiently reliable results. As a calculation example for the real facilities, the motion response and the drift force of the vertical cylinder type ocean monitoring buoy with 2.6 m diameter and 3,77 m draft are calculated and discussed. The obtained results of motion response can be used to determine the shape and dimension of the buoy to reduce the motion response, and other data such as the effect of motion reduction due to a damper can be predictable through these motion calculations. Also, the calculation results of drift force can be used in the design procedure of mooring system to predict the maximum wave load acting on the mooring system. The present method has, in principle, no restriction in the application to the arbitrary shape facilities. So, this method can be a robust tool for the design, installation, and operation of various kinds of the floating-type ocean monitoring facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.380-388
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• 2016

Using the magnet gear, it is possible to transmit power without mechanical contact. As the drive shaft in a magnet gear-based speed reducer system is isolated from the drive shaft, the system is a two-inertia resonance system that should cope with an external load with the limited air-gap stiffness. On the other hand, the drive shaft or low-speed side is controlled only by the torque of the drive shaft through an air-gap, and the excessive oscillation or the slip can then be generated because of an abrupt disturbance that is different from the general mechanical gear system. Therefore, the disturbance loaded at the low speed side should be measured or estimated, and considered in the control of the driving shaft. This paper proposes a novel full-state feedback controller with a reduced-order observer for the speed reducer system using a magnet gear with a unified harmonic modulator. The control method was verified by simulation and experiment. To estimate the load at the low speed side, a novel observer was designed, in which the new state variable is introduced and the new state equation is formulated. Using a full-state feedback controller including the observer, the test result against disturbance was compared with two D.O.F PI speed controllers. The pole slip was compensated within relatively a short time, and the simulation result about the estimated variable shows a similar tendency to the test result. The test results showed that the magnet gear-based reducer can be applied to an accurate servo system.