• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

This study evaluated economic value recognized by the residents for the pleasant urban park management using contingent valuation method(CVM) to APEC Memorial Park in Pusan in terms of private fund development for the management of the city park. As a result, the estimated amount payable by each household for the management of APEC Memorial Park in Busan was between 5,673 won and 8,358 won. If such amount is expanded to households in park hosting area, it was 2.2~2.3 times of the park management budget in 2012, which demonstrates the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents for pleasant park was higher than the management budget. Social factors of respondents affecting WTP for city park management operation included age, educational level and income level. Those with high age and high education level had higher WTP. And, WTP was much affected by the use of park and recognition of residents. In particular, those with high frequency in the use of parks had higher WTP, and the users with more than once per week had 1.1 times higher WTP than overall WTP. Then, the satisfaction of park rather than recognition of necessity of park had led to higher WTP. Accordingly, it is necessary to manage park facility management and use program operation to enhance park satisfaction and it is also required to develop a park culture distribution policy to link such recognition to donation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.60-72
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest strategies of development and management for large parks by examining experimental cases of park governance models related to a shift away from public administration. The shifts towards governance as well as public-private partnership in city parks have involved the need for new public management. This study has analyzed two exemplary cases of Presidio Park and Sydney Harbour National Park in the aspects of planning process and management strategies, as the results derived the meaning and effect of park governance management and is also an essential prerequisite for the achievement of the model. There are six dimensions of research frames--namely policy, governance, partnership, finances and funds, design and maintenance-management, and evaluation-monitoring-taken as the basis for this study. Through the analysis, several key characteristics of these cases were elicited. First, the park planning process must be consistent in carrying a policy from planning to implementation, and furthermore, an independent operation body which can properly authorize an execution and uphold its responsibility from the public could serve in adaptable park services. Second, it has been suggested to build various partnerships with PAs and NGOs, private corporations, community groups, and academic institutes that allow it to expand the diversity of the park activities. Third, there has been experimental exploration to achieve a financially self-sufficient model by establishing internal revenue models and hence allow the reduction of reliance on public finances. The result of this type of park management would allow for improving park quality and make the park space a vital part of the local economy. Fourth, the strategies for a local community's participation are needed to allow the community to become a producer as well as a consumer. This study shows that the direction and significance of the park governance model regarding the fact that the plans sought by the two parks are extending the layout of public-centered discussion to the private sector and the third non-governmental sector including to the local community group. This shows both implications and limitations, such as the risk of privatization through non-governmental activities at the park or the violation of essential functions as a public good due to a profit-generating management policy for securing financial self-sufficiency. At the current point in which plans are under way for the development and management of large parks, a park governance model requires continuous study and expansion of discussion in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.44-56
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• 2023

This research explores the enhancement of park operation and management by analyzing the changing demands of park users. While traditional methods depended on surveys, there has been a recent shift towards utilizing social media data to understand park usage trends. Notably, most research has focused on text data from social media, overlooking the valuable insights from image data. Addressing this gap, our study introduces a novel method of assessing park usage using social media image data and then applies it to actual city park evaluations. A unique image analysis tool, built on Visual Question Answering (VQA) deep learning technology, was developed. This tool revealed specific city park details such as user demographics, behaviors, and locations. Our findings highlight three main points: (1) The VQA-based image analysis tool's validity was proven by matching its results with traditional text analysis outcomes. (2) VQA deep learning technology offers insights like gender, age, and usage time, which aren't accessible from text analysis alone. (3) Using VQA, we derived operational and management strategies for city parks. In conclusion, our VQA-based method offers significant methodological advancements for future park usage studies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-198
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• 2000

본 연구는 일본 국립공원의 경관관리를 위한 법제적 내용특성 중 공원시설물을 위주로 정리한 것이다. 이를 위해서 전국적 기준인 일본의 자연공원법규의 내용을 경관관리 측면에서 정리한 후. 아소. 쿠쥬 국립공원을 대상으로 공원계획서의 내용을 정리하여 전국적 기준과 지역적 관리기준의 차이를 파악하면서 국내범규와 차이점을 검토하였다. 그 결과 일본의 자연공원법규 중 우리 나라와 차이가 있는 공용제한의 내용과 공원계획의 내용 및 공원시설물의 차이를 파악하였고, 공원 내 각종행위에 관한 심사기준이 법제화되어 있음이 조사되었다. 한편, 일본의 경우에 있어서 법적인 근거는 없으나 집단시설지구에서의 이용허가 및 규제내용을 제시하기 위해 국립공원관리소장이 작성하는 관리계획은 보호, 유지할 지역의 경관자원을 명확히 하면서 각종 시설물의 건설행위에 대해 그 규모, 위치, 색채, 디자인 관련 사항 등에 관하여 관리지침을 작성하여 운영하고 있는 실체를 파악할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.127-139
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• 2012

This study aims to figure out the main agent of management in the 69 recently constructed neighborhood parks in Busan, and to analyze the present status of the main agents. For this purpose, the work resources on park and landscape management, interview to related staff, and the budget on urban parks were found as the main agents of management. In case the parks were managed by consignment or by other separate organization, this study collected resources through the homepage or personal visits. As a result for the management method on parks, about 48 parks(69.6%) were under direct management by the local governments' main office and its business offices. Eighteen parks(26.1%) were commissioned to corporation or private organizations and three parks(4.3%) were operated by both direct and commissioned management. Because of the overall management result on urban parks, the company under outsourced management is not sufficient for a comprehensive management. Such is mainly focused on the maintenance like landscape or cleaning, but have fewer programs for the users. Forty-six parks cared by the local governments are mainly small sized neighborhood parks. For the management, contract workers or short-term workers are hired. It demonstrates an urgent need to improve professional personnel and organizational system for park management. In addition, any educational or cultural facility in the park is managed by separate institutions. Thus, it is not controlled as a park facility but an independent facility with separate controls. Moreover, to solve such problems, it needs legalization on the proper employment for parks, institutional improvement, cooperative network with NGO, planning and development of the program used according to the change of time, and customer oriented program management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.432-441
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• 2011

This study attempted to investigate and analyze the difference of recognition between local residents and tourists, with the parks where tourists visit much and tried to make promotion of park utilization and available way of park management. Data were collected from 222 visitors in Wolmi park from May 1 to May 4, 2009 through field questionnaire. The results of this research were as follows. First, the local residents and tourist showed the difference in terms of use of parks. For the additional facilities, the local residents and tourists had different point view. While local residents responded that the supplementation of relaxation facilities, was the most important, the tourists selected the sign board providing the information about the parks as the most important factor. Secondly, in accordance with the awareness survey on the tourist spots for the spatial link between Wolmi Park and other areas, the local residents and the tourists demonstrated the difference in the satisfaction on Wolmi-Do tourist spot and what to improve.

• 공원문화
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• s.16
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• pp.42-56
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• 1980

일본국의 각급공원제도.운영관리에 관한 연구자료수집 및 국립공원현지답사차 지난 8.5~8.11(7일간) 본 협회 이용덕 총무부장이 일본 환경청과 국립공원협회에 출장방문하여 파악된 현황자료중에서 일부를 다음과 같이 요약정리하여 소개한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

This study was conducted to see the differences of park users by classifying them with their park use frequency in terms of park use, management policy and perception, using the same survey results conducted in 2014 and 2020. Research was conducted on urban parks in Yangju, South Korea, and 740 in 2014 and 431 in 2000 survey results were used. After classifying the high-use and low-use groups according to park use frequency, this study compared the demographic differences and park use method differences according to the group, the recognition differences for the future park management direction between the two groups were analyzed and compared using statistical analysis by year. The results showed that the park's quantitative expansion and accessibility improvements were the most important issues in 2014, while the importance of park management, such as checking and improving aging facilities, providing various programs, and creating a themed neighborhood park that could reveal the identity of the area, was increased in 2020. Despite recognizing the importance of persistent management in the case of high-use groups, the results showed that they were less willing to participate in park management programs compared to less-use groups, which showed the need for a discussion of how to involve high-use groups for long term park management. This study contribute the body of literature that it seeks to understand differences of park user in terms of their park use frequency. However, in future studies, analyzing the differences of park users through a short-term study is required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.68-80
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• 2023

With the recent changes in society and the introduction of new technologies, the usage patterns of parks have become diverse, leading to increased complexity in park management. As a result, there is a growing demand for flexible and diverse park management that can adapt to these new requirements. However, there is inadequate discussion on these new demands and whether urban park management policies can respond. Therefore, empirical research on how park usage patterns are evolving is critical. To address this, blog data, in which individuals share their experiences, was used to examine the spatial consumption patterns through semantic network and topic analysis. This study also explored whether these spatial consumption patterns exhibit experiential consumption characteristics according to the experience economy theory. The results showed that consumption behaviors, such as renting picnic sets and having food and drinks delivered, were prominent and that emotional experiences were pursued. Furthermore, these findings were consistent with the experiential consumption characteristics of the experience economy theory. This suggests that park planning and maintenance methods need to become more flexible and diverse in response to the changing demands for park usage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.93-107
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• 2018

The concepts of geotourism and geoparks have emerged due to the paradigm shift in tourism and the increased recognition of geosites and geoheritage as legacies that must be protected and preserved. The number of geoparks designated by UNESCO and national governments is increasing globally. The purpose of this paper is to propose directions for enhancing Jeju Geopark to perform as a geological educational venue. This study reviewed the present conditions of the education and communication, the media, and the facilities of the geopark with respect to the required conditions to be effective for geological education. Data surveys, field surveys, visitor questionnaires, and interviews were conducted to examine the educational and guidance system of the geopark, the physical space configuration, and the operation and management methods. The research process is as follows. First, the study analyzed the status of the education and communication in Jeju Geopark, according to the criteria of the UNESCO GGN, using data acquired from the survey. Second, the study analyzed and evaluated the educational and communication facilities, and media, focusing on four aspects of the geopark: the geo-trail, spatial composition and layout, communicational and educational facilities, and the system and design of signboards. Third, the study assessed the perception and satisfaction of visitors to the geopark. Fourth, the study summarized the potential and limitations of the Jeju Geopark through in-depth interviews. The four analyses showed that enhancements in the exploration environment, communication, media, and operation and management system are all necessary for effective geological education. Based on these results, this study suggests directions for enhancing the geopark in the four following aspects. Management and maintenance must be improved to meet UNESCO criteria, while the improvements in the visiting environment quality, the supplementing of communication and facilities, and enhancements in the organization and system of operation and management also must be taken on.