• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2000

Characteristics of two favorite injection tools for gasoline direct injection application were compared. An air-assisted fuel injector (AAFI) and a high-pressure swirl injector (HPSI) were designed and fabricated for prototype development, and the characterization strategies and processes for both injection tool have been arranged in parallel. Characterization works were carried out mainly through measurements, and in some cases, computational fluid dynamic analysis was utilized. In this paper, overall characteristics defined as flow rate, spray pattern, penetration, internal spray structure and drop size distribution, was discussed. The AAFI was found to be advantageous in flexibility of fuel flow rate, and the HPSI in stability and precision. Spray shape factor was introduced to describe the development of intermittent sprays from both injectors. Axial penetration appeared to be almost linear in the case of the AAFI while its speed continuously decreased with time in the HPSI.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

As a second part of the comparison study, microscopic features of an air-assisted fuel injector(AAFI) and a high-pressure swirl injector (HPSI) were characterized. They consist of the internal spray structure in terms of fuel mass and drop diameter, the overall atomization performance with respect to operating parameters and the drop size distribution. Large droplets are concentrated in around the head part of a spray field of the HPSI, while in the case of the AAFI, they were distributed in the tail part. Although the AAFI showed the better atomization performance, the feasible ranges of operating parameters such as injection and ambient pressure were found to be wider in the HPSI. Drop size distribution of the AAFI sprays was more dispersed than that of the HPSI. Drop size distribution of the AAFI sprays was more dispersed than that of the HPSI. However, at the well-atomized condition, it appeared to be very uniform.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2000

Drop size distribution of an air-assisted fuel injector(AAFI) was investigated. Influence of parameters such as ambient air density supply pressure and air-liquid mass ratio(ALR) was examined through both measurement and analysis. The Sauter mean diameter$D_{32}$ varied from 9 to 25$\mu$m throughout all experimental conditions. An empirical correlation for droplet size was obtained. Analytical correlations for predicting $D_{32}$ with respect to operating conditions were also derived through energy consideration and introduction of a simplified model of the from the empirical fitting was adapted to the original equation the proposed correlation in this study matched more closely with measured results. The current correlation exhibited a favorable study matched more closely with measured results. The current correlation exhibited a favorable prediction for $D_{32}$ compared to that by the empirical correlation at selected experimental conditions so that it may be used to predict atomization performance of the AAFI at operating conditions which was not covered in the measurements. After validation the analytical equation was applied to survey the feasible operating conditions for gasoline direct injection application.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1998

To investigate the spray behavior and atomization characteristics using an air-assist injector, spray visualization and PDPA measurements were carried out under the various assisted air pressures and the fixed fuel pressure. The air assist pintle type injector employed in this study is consisted of the air assist adaptor and an injector housing using the gasoline fuel and air as the working fluids. As results, increasing pressure of assisted air, the growth of spray tip penetration is gradually reduced at the end of spray and spray angle is steadily increased at the main spray region except from the early spray. For the air assist pressure of 25㎪ in a spray downstream, it is doncluded that droplet size distribution shows the peak of 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and most of the droplet sizes are less than 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Also, the air-assist injector extremely improves fuel atomization in order to produce much finer droplets, it shows that approximately, in this case, 50% decreade of SMD than without air assit.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2018

예막 공기충돌형 방식의 희박 예혼합 예증발(LPP) 보조 분사기에 벤추리를 장착하여 분무 실험을 할 경우 액적의 낙수현상이 나타나며, 이는 액적의 불균일한 분포로 나타난다. 이를 해결하기 위해 벤추리의 출구 각도를 변화시켜 노즐목 부분에서 덤프면을 형성시켰다. 덤프면의 형성은 벤추리 출구에 재순환영역을 형성시키면서 미립화 성능을 개선하며 액적 낙수를 최소화하였다. 분사기의 불균일한 분무를 해결하기 위해 벤추리 내부의 유동 특성 및 분무의 SMD를 비교분석하였으며, 최종적으로 분무의 손실을 최소로 하며 분무를 향상시킬 수 있는 최적의 벤추리의 형상을 선정하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2015

A nozzle with vortex generator was used to develop the low pressure nozzle with high atomization performance and the nozzle atomized the liquid by centrifugal shear forces. In order to analyze the atomization characteristics, a shadowgraphy method was used and the measurement of droplet size was performed by using laser diffraction analyzer. The liquid injection pressure was fixed as 0.03 bar which is very low pressure and the gas injection pressures were changed from 0 bar to 2.0 bar. As a result, the breakup was achieved at the air injection pressure of 0.25 bar and over. The nozzle with the orifice diameter of 0.4 mm and the orifice gap of 0.25 mm presented small droplet diameters under 50 at the air injection pressure of 0.75 bar.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1079-1089
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• 2013

폐기물을 효과적으로 소각 처리하기 위해, 고형화된 입자를 고속으로 연소시키는 소각로의 유동 특성을 수치해석적으로 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는, 기존 발전소에서 통용되는 선회 유동 유발을 통한 안정적 화염형성 개념과 고에너지 밀도를 갖는 로켓 엔진 연소실의 설계 개념을 복합적으로 적용하였다. 첫단계로, 소각로로 분사되는 연료와 공기의 유동 특성 파악을 위해 1차 연소실에 주 분사기와 보조 분사기를 장착하여 비반응 유동장 수치해석을 수행하였다. 설계 변경 인자로 주 분사기의 편향각, 보조 분사기의 하향각, 두 분사기간 간격을 선정하였다. 이러한 설계 인자의 변경에 따른 선회 유동 형성의 정도를 파악하기 위해 선회수(swirl number)를 평가 인자로 사용하였다. 각각의 설계 인자가 변함에 따라 선회수는 편향각이 증가할수록 선회수가 증가하였으며, 하향각에 따라서는 선회수가 크게 변하지 않았다. 설계 인자에 따라 형성되는 재순환 영역의 크기가 달라지며 이는 선회수의 크기에도 영향을 끼쳤다. 재순환 영역의 크기가 작으면 선회수가 큰 경향성을 보였다. 이러한 수치해석을 통해 활발한 선회 유동을 형성시킬 수 있는 설계 조건을 찾을 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.92-103
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• 1999

The fuel spray behavior in the intake port of an electronic control port irijection gasoline engine has a strong influence on engine performance, exhaust emission and fuel consumption. Thus, in this study, fuel spray behavior and flow characteristics of the air assist gasoline spray injected into a suction flow in a simulated rectangular intake port have boon investigated. Macro-behavior of spray characteristics was investigated by means of visualization and the measurements of SMD and velocity were made by PDPA. For analysis the flow field with droplets size, droplets are classified five droplets size groups. As a result, the normal distance of suction flow increasing, the relatively large droplets distribution and SMD increase because small droplets easily follow suction flow. Near impinging wail, after impinging against the wall, secondary atomized small droplets of D < $30{\mu}m$ bound from the wall. And the increasement of suction flow progress to the large droplets of D > $100{\mu}m$ distribution. Therefore, SMD are apparently increased near impinging wall, Z/d = 9.0.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

분무식 노즐(spray nozzle)은 액체의 표면을 증가시키기 위해 에너지를 공급하여 액체를 다수의 액적으로 미립화시키는 장치로 연소과정에서의 연료의 미립화 또는 표면이나 입자의 코팅 등 여러 산업분야에 다양한 목적으로 응용된다. 초음파 미립화 노즐은 진동 발생장치로부터 고진동수의 전기에너지를 받아 같은 진동수의 기계적 에너지로 변환시키는 변환기를 갖고 있다. 변환된 에너지를 액체에 부가하여 고주파 진동에 의해 미세한 액적을 생성하여 분사한다. 코팅작업에서 가압되지 않은 저속의 분무는 액적이 튕겨나가지 않고 표면에 달라붙어 과도하게 분사되는 양을 줄일 수 있다. 초음파 미립화 노즐은 초음파 진동부 외벽에 공기를 공급해 줄 수 있는 공간을 통해 생성된 보조 공기흐름을 이용하여 저속의 액적을 운반하여 분무특성이나 분무형상을 조절할 수 있다. 따라서 주위 공기의 흐름을 이용하여 원하는 분무특성을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 액적의 분사 운동을 모사하기 위해 라그랑지안 분산상 모델(DPM)을 적용한 상용코드 FLUENT를 사용하여 액적 주위의 공기흐름을 동반하는 초음파 미립화 노즐을 해석하였다. 노즐 수축부 형상, 액적의 크기 그리고 공기 측 압력차의 크기를 변화시키며 수치해석을 수행하여 코팅용 분무를 위한 최적 조건을 연구하였다.