• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.5-18
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• 1988

This study aims at scrutinizing the relationships among the frequency distribution of voids the relative density and the shear strength for the three types of different granular materials. The main results summarized are as follows: (1) The frequency distribution of void ratio of glass beads can be approximated by the negative exponential distribution proposed by Shahinpoor (1981), while as the particle shape changes from spherical to angular the frequency of the denser voids decreases and the distributions are well presented by the beta distribution. (2) For all materials, the standard deviation of void ratio increases with decreasing both the relative density of the material and sphericity of particle. (3) It was found that shear strength of the material was a function of not only the mean void ratio and its standard deviation, but also of the shape of the probability density function of the distribution of void ratio. The more the frequency distribution of void inclines towards the denser voids, the higher the shear strength of the material and vice versa.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.463-469
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• 2016

In this study, a virtual specimen with a linear continuous gradient of void ratio (FGM: Functional Graded Material) is constructed using low-order probability functions of two real cement paste specimens. Two real specimens with difference void ratios are taken from X-ray CT to construct the virtual specimen. A virtual specimen with a gradient void distribution, whose average void ratio is between void ratios of two homogeneous real specimens, is constructed using a stochastic optimization approach. The void ratio distribution is assumed to be linear, and continuously varies in the vertical direction. In this study, a gradient term of void ratio is incorporated into the objective function as well as low-order probability functions from the previous research. To confirm the effect of gradient void distribution on the material response, air permeability is evaluated using finite element analysis. The analysis results are compared with experimental results, and confirm the effect of gradient void distribution on permeability.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.328-337
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• 2009

To investigate the relation between pore fluid conductivity and bulk resistivity of a rock sample it is assumed that electrolyte solution perfectly substitute the pore fluid that occupied the pore space within the sample in general. In this study, it is investigated that how much can the electrolyte solution substitute the pore fluid by repeating the same saturation process. Four kinds of NaCl solutions of 8, 160, 3200, 64000 ${\mu}S$/cm are used. The saturation process has repeated four times for each electrolyte in increasing conductivity order first then four times each in decreasing order. The more the saturation process repeated with the same electrolyte, the more electrolyte solution substitute the pore fluid. Geometric mean of bulk resistivity in increasing and decreasing orders with the same electrolyte solution is assumed to be mostly close to the bulk resistivity with perfect substitution. Bulk resistivity measurements for both increasing and decreasing order differs within 10% to the geometric mean when repeating the saturation process 4 times while maximum 40% difference is observed when single saturation process for each electrolyte solution with increasing order. The modified parallel resistant model can generally represent the relations between pore fluid resistivity and bulk resistivity in the experiment, but more experimental data with various rock samples with different porosity is needed to generalize the model.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 1987

The dynamic properties of soils are affected by parameters like, gradation characteristics, void ratio, confining pressure, etc. . This study mainly investigated experimentally the effect of gradation on the dynamic properties of sands with the effect of void ratio and confining pressure. Test results showed that shear modulus/damping ratio was increased/decreased with the decrease of void ratio and with the increase of confining pressure. When the fine content increased, shear modulus/damping ratio was decreased/increased. This study explained this phenomenon by the concept of the "effective number of contacts" and the "dead space".ot;dead space".uot;.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2002

The physical properties of Uhangri sedimentary rocks were investigated to provide the conservation strategy of Dinosaur trace fossil in the Haenam. The porosity, void ratio, dry density, water content, and degree of saturation were calculated according to the proper laboratory experiments for 9 sedimentary specimens. The flexural strength (or modulus of rupture) and thermal expansion coefficient were measured using the universal testing machine and dilatometer, respectively. The Uhangri sedimentary rocks have very low porosity, void ratio, and water content. The flexural strength of shales are 24.16~42.84, and those of sandstones are 16.34~ $43.52N/mm^2$, which are much weaker than common sedimentary rocks. The very low flexural strength of sedimentary rocks despite very low porosity, is ascribed to fine fissures in the rocks. The thermal expansion coefficient of rocks were $14.7~21.3\Times10^{-6 }$, which are 2~2.5 times as high as alumina and about 10 times as high as talc. As the content of chert in the sandstone increases, the porosity, void ratio, and water content increase, while the dry density and degree of saturation decrease. The chert-bearing sandstone have higher porosity and thermal expansion coefficient, and lower flexural strength compared to those free of chert.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.238-238
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• 2019

산지계곡에는 큰 자갈이나 호박돌이 무더기로 퇴적되어 있어서 대규모 공극을 구성한다. 호우시 이 돌무더기 내부에 빠른 흐름이 형성되고 이에 따른 퇴적사면의 급격한 변동이 발생하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 대공극 매질의 흐름은 산지계곡에 퇴적된 균일 직경을 가진 구형 입자로 구성된 대규모 공극 매질을 구성하고, 비 Darcy 흐름의 유속에 미치는 입경의 영향을 수리실험으로 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 구형 입자는 크기가 15.5mm, 25mm, 36.5mm인 유리구슬이고, 조성된 매질의 공극율은 Table 1과 같으며, 실험에서 침투거리는 40cm로 하였다. 실험유량은 0.98~15.41 t/s이고 입자 Reynolds 수는 120~4,580의 범위였다. 동수경사가 증가하면 매질의 단면평균 유속이 비선형적으로 증가하였다. 입경이 작을수록 유속과 동수경사 사이의 비선형적 경향이 더 크다(Fig.1). 동일한 동수경사에서 매질의 입경이 클수록 유속이 빠르게 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.42-47
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 공극관의 실험인자에 대한 특성을 알아보기 위하여 공극관에 입사되는 음파의 파수 k와 공극분포부분들 사이의 거리인 a의 곱으로 나타나는 무차원변수 ka와, 공극관의 단면적에 대한 전체 공극면적의 비로 정의한 공극률을 실험인자로 하여 연구를 진행하였다. 또한 sulivan의 모델을 이용하여 공극관을 모델링하고 이를 컴퓨터를 사용하여 모의 실험을 한 후 실험결과와 비교하였다.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 1988

Soils behave non-linearly at high strain. This study investigated the non-linear behavior of silty sands (Mixture of Ottawa Sand and Quartz Powder) by resonant column tests. The results were ·compared with Ramberg-Osgood's non-linear equation. From the tests, it was shown that the change of shear modulus and damping ratio was more sharp at low fine content, high void ratio and low confining pressure. It was also found that famberg-Osgood parameter, R was approximately 2.0, however the range of C varied from 200 to 3200.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1991

Determination of dynamic shear modulus of soil was made by measuring directly the velocity of ultrasonic shear waves transmitted through the specimen. The PUNDIT, a generator and detector of ultrasonic waves, has been used to measure the propagation velocity. Forty -six tests of compacted soil at seven different void ratios and seven varying degrees of saturation with four types of materials were made in this study. The primary importance in this study was the investigation of the relations among the para meters which influenced G-modulus, As a results of analysis, the dynamic shear modulus of soil tends to decrease with an increase of void ratio, and also it is affected by soil types. In case of using PUNDIT, the proper range of the specimen length is from 5cm to 8cm. And the degree of saturation doesn't affect the dyn- amic shear modulus of soil.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.148.1-148.1
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 가스 하이드레이트의 미래 상업생산을 위한 연구활동으로 동해 울릉분지 현장시료를 채취하여 가스 하이드레이트 함유토의 열전도 현상에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 두 종류의 현장시료를 이용하여 메탄 하이드레이트를 생성하여 공극비 및 포화도에 따라 조건을 달리하여 실험을 수행하였다. 열전도도 측정을 위하여 Transient Plane Source (TPS) 기법을 이용하였다. 현장시료의 사용에 앞서 예비실험으로써 F110표준사를 사용, 비교 분석 자료로써 활용하였다. 하이드레이트 생성 확률을 높이는 기법으로써 불포화시료를 동결, 해동 후 가스를 주입하였으며 동결된 불포화 시료의 열전달양상의 변화를 함께 고찰하였다. 실험결과, 하이드레이트의 포화도가 증가함에 따라 함유토의 열전도도의 증가함을 알 수 있어다. 거의 동일한 물과 GH의 열전도도에도 불구하고 하이드레이트 결정화 작용으로 동일한 포화도의 불포화 시료와 비교하여 약간의 상승을 보였다. 또한 공극비 및 흙을 구성하는 미네랄의 성분에 따라 열전도도의 발현 양상이 상이함을 관찰하였다. 이에 차후 하이드레이트 생산을 위한 현장 측정 및 전산 모사시 이에 관한 고려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.