• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2003

The complicated facilities on the ground have begun to be laid under the ground as increasing emphasis on the beauty of cities due to centralization. But, as the kind of the facilities have been concentrated on the narrow area, accidents occur due to the difficulty of maintenance and the inaccuracy of location information. In this study, first we constructed the field test model to compare with the method of underground probing. So, we could know that the electromagnetic induction method and GPR(Ground Penetration Radar) are useful. It was acquired the position information for the underground facilities using a RTK-GPS. As the result, we have analyzed the accurate position of the underground facility and show the way improving accuracy in detecting and surveying comparing with the traditional surveying method. Also, we hope to contribute the effective maintenance and prevention of disasters to the underground facility as using underground facilities 3D position with Arcview and building the DB of exact depth and underground facilities information system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2008

The occurrence of fires in heavily populated multiplex buildings is a serious concern. It causes a great threat to many people and a serious social problem. Whenever this kind of fire happens, the authorities are busy preparing partial countermeasures to control the crisis situations. Luckily, the government has enforced a special law regarding safety supervision of majority-used buildings to prepare the basic countermeasures for the buildings' safety. Recently, the multiplex buildings which have multi type compounds have increased in size by getting bigger and bigger. As there are many people who would need to escape and the complicated structures like mazes in buildings of this type, it is not only difficult to prevent a fire but also easy to cause a large loss of lives. For a better fire safety supervision of the buildings, there needs to be passers and owners' good sense of safety, fire proof of the buildings and education of the fire authorities.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

Door hinges of large refrigerators are required to ensure that the doors open and close smoothly in addition to supporting door weights and enduring the impact loads due to door opening and closing. However, door hinge design is difficult because of complex hinge mechanisms and sensitive structural safety. In this study, the mechanism satisfying the required spring response, space constraints, and structural strength is optimized, and the volume of the outer frame covering the hinge mechanism is minimized for reducing production costs. The entire design process is automated using the PIDO(Progress Integration and Design Optimization) technique, which achieves an efficient design process. Therefore, the frame mass is reduced to 24%, and the mechanism performance and structural stability are improved.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.514-540
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• 2013

Today human rights are the most complex and prominent issue in the system of international law, and the right to housing(housing right) is also recognized as a basic human right in the international human right instruments including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This study targets to comprehensive review of the housing rights provisions with 85 international human rights laws and instruments. And the contents and characteristics of housing rights are analyzed with categorization based on housing rights in general, housing rights of workers, socially vulnerable groups, international regional organizations. Housing right takes also the features of universality, indivisibility, interdependence, and right to adequate housing should be interpreted with holistic view including legal security of tenure, accessibility, affordability, location beyond ensuring just a physical housing space. Approaches to the housing right comprehensively reflect the view of the right to development, the perspective of gender equality, the principle of non-discrimination, the participation rights, and orient the housing right should be seen as the right to live somewhere in security(safety), peace and dignity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2011

Backscattered electrons (BSE) are generated at the impact of the primary electron beam on the specimen. BSE imaging provides the compositional contrast to resolve chemical features of sectioned block-face. A focused ion beam (FIB) column can be combined with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to ensure a dual (or cross)-beam system (FIB-FESEM). Due to the milling of the specimen material by 10 to 100 nm with the gallium ion beam, FIB-FESEM allows the serial block-face (SBF) imaging of plastic-embedded specimens with high z-axis resolution. After contrast inversion, BSE images are similar to transmitted electron images by transmission electron microscopy. As another means of SBF imaging, a specialized ultramirotome has been incorporated into the specimen chamber of FESEM ($3View^{(R)}$). Internal structures of plastic-embedded specimens can be serially revealed and analyzed by $3View^{(R)}$ with a large field of view to facilitate three-dimensional reconstruction. These two SBF approaches by FESEM can be employed to unravel spatial association of (sub)cellular entities for a comprehensive understanding of complex biological systems.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1071-1083
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• 2005

By estimating probability distributions of the good solutions in the current population, some researchers try to find the optimal solution more efficiently. Particularly, finite mixtures of distributions have a very useful role in dealing with complex problems. However, it is difficult to choose the number of components in the mixture models and merge superior partial solutions represented by each component. In this paper, we propose a new continuous evolutionary optimization algorithm with distribution estimation by variational Bayesian mixtures of factor analyzers. This technique can estimate the number of mixtures automatically and combine good sub-solutions by sampling new individuals with the latent variables. In a comparison with two probabilistic model-based evolutionary algorithms, the proposed scheme achieves superior performance on the traditional benchmark function optimization. We also successfully estimate the parameters of S-system for the dynamic modeling of biochemical networks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.151-159
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• 2013

Formalism narrative theory adopts the dualism of Fabula, story material and Sujet, story substance. The recent theories of storytelling convert the dualism into story and storytelling. This essay delves into the mechanism of contemporary storytelling by comparatively analyzing the storytelling of two films, A Korean film, Family Ties and A Hollywood film, Little Miss Sunshine, which are considered to represent contemporary storytelling. While the latter builds its structure through desire usually shown in the classical Hollywood films, the former has the structure which has nothing to do with causality by displaying fragmented stories. And the latter has typical characters, while the former shows totally different reality, using the obscure characters. In conclusion, Little Miss Sunshine has a storytelling which puts audience feeling in tune by controlling it, and Family Ties has one which delivers director's intention.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

Today, the structure of terrorist organizations in the form of a variety of network complexity are evolving. However, terrorist organization not combining randomly generated network but preferential attachment a network. So, it's research should be preceded a better understanding about the characteristics and type of terror network for a effective counter-terrorism policy of law enforcement. In addition, the appropriate response strategy have to technique establish in an era of smart media. In particular, homegrown terrorist attacks on unspecified people without boundaries of countries and regions unlike the traditional terrorism. Also, homegrown terrorism are violence and criminal activity by new various of religion, politics, philosophy. Besides the extreme members of homegrown terror networks went grow up through the evolutionary process in the age of smart media. Law enforcement agencies must identify the terrorist network at the national level. Therefore, terror networks evolving in the online space, forming a radical homegrown terror organizations have access to the network. Intelligence community track terrorist networks and to block the negative aspects of the smart media outlets should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.3 s.120
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• pp.315-331
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• 2007

Some reverse fault lines are passing through the alluvial fans and west hill slope of Bulguksa mountains including Mt. Toham in the directions of N-S and NW-SE. The study area is known as relatively unstable, because of active faults. Assuming on the record of Samguksagi about earthquakes, the architects in the construction of the Bulguksa Temple should have recognized the possibility of breakdown from the earthquakes and the need for an unique structure against at that time. Against earthquakes, Grengee technique, a stonework construction technique following wooden one and use of Chuduseok(Dongtleseok or Chumchaseok) were applied for the construction of the Bulguksa Temple. By designing the foundation stone with hole, a structure is prevented from modification that pillars secede from a foundation stone in spite of horizontal load of earthquake while wood construction is strong frame at earthquake. The Bulguksa Temple is usually evaluated to be a beautiful architecture from the appearances like the weight balanced structure with unique decoration. Impressive architectures are beautiful in balance and harmony coming from the important and specific rolls in its own way by each part of whole structure. This beauty comes from the science.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.623-629
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• 1999

The definition of fascial spaces are latent spaces between fascial planes. If infections which spread from dental origin to soft tissue are mild, they are restricted by fascial planes. But, when infections are severe, fascial spaces are often used as a natural pathway which spread to the deep cervical region. If they are not treated at early stage, they may result in the fatal complications as followings; airway obstruction, septicemia, cerebral abscess, and thrombophlebitis etc. The early treatment of fascial space abscess is very important for young children. These case reports present the successful result of fascial space abscess treatment through intracanal drainage without surgical excision. It is proven that the treatment through intracanal drainage has some benefits to the surgical excision, which are as follows: 1) It is economic to the patients or their parents avoiding admission. 2) The treatment procedure is more simple. 3) Childrens can avoid the fearful environment.