• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

There are the large overhead of block erase and page write operations in NAND flash memory, though it has low power consumption, cheap prices and a large storage. Due to the physical characteristics of NAND flash memory, overwrite operations are not permitted at the same location, so rewriting operation require after erase operation. it cause performance decrease of NAND flash memory. Using SRAM buffer in traditional NAND flash memory, it can not only reduce effective write operation but also guarantee fast memory access time. In this paper, we proposed the small SRAM buffer management system for reducing overhead of NAND flash memory, that is, erase and write operations. The proposed buffer system in a NAND flash memory consists of two parts, i.e., a fully associative temporal buffer with the small fetching block size and a fully associative spatial buffer with the large fetching block size. The temporal buffer have small fetching blocks that referenced from spatial buffer. When it happen write operations or erase operations in NAND flash memory, the related fetching blocks in temporal buffer include a page or a block are written in NAND flash memory at the same time. The writing and erasing counts in NAND flash memory can be reduced. According to the simulation results, although we have high miss ratios, write and erase operations can be reduced approximatively 58% and 83% respectively. Also the average memory access times are improved about 84% compared with the fully associative buffer with two sizes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 2023

As drought risk increases due to climate change, various research works are underway around the world to respond to drought so as to minimize drought damage. In particular, in recent years, many studies are focused on analyzing regional patterns of drought in a comprehensive manner, however there is still insufficient to quantitatively identify drought-risk areas in a large river basin considering climate change in Korea. In this study, we calculated the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Modified Standardized Precipitation Index (M_SPI) as representative meteorological drought index, and performed spatial autocorrelation analysis to identify the drought hotspot region under climate change scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The SPI was calculated by estimating parameters for each observation station within the study area, whereas the M_SPI was calculated by estimating parameters for the entire study area. It is more reasonable to use the M_SPI for assessing meteorological drought from an overall perspective within the study area. When the M_SPI was used, long-term droughts showed drought hotspot areas clearly larger than short-term droughts. In addition, the drought hotspot area moved from the center of the Nakdong River basin to the Seomjin River basin over time. Especially, the moving patterns of the short-term/long-term drought were apparent under the RCP 4.5, whereas the moving patterns of the long-term drought were distinct under the RCP 8.5 scenarios.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.202-222
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• 2023

This study traces the growth and changes in the spatial distribution and characteristics of media cluster in Seoul by focusing on the co-evolution of film and TV production. To identify the spatial distribution and aggregation of film and broadcast TV production, we measure their spatial auto-correlation based on Moran's I and LISA, using the data from the Census on Establishments of the National Statistical Office. In addition, the eleven semi-structured interviews conducted with workers in the media industries, such as film crews and TV drama producers, help to clarify the complexity and dynamics of diverse factors that affect spatial distribution of media cluster. This multi-method study shows the increasing polycentricity of media cluster in the last decade. Gangnam, Mapo, Yeouido, Gangseo-Yeongdeungpo, and Seongsu have emerged as key hubs for media industries, particularly in light of changes in the transportation system and the real estate market. The finding indicates the co-evolution of film and broadcast TV production, demonstrating how the characteristics of the creative industry and metropolitan changes are intertwined with each other in shaping the geographical pattern of the media cluster.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2024

Companion animals are increasingly being recognized as members of society in outdoor public spaces. However, the presence of dogs in cities has become a subject of conflict between pet owners and non-pet owners, causing problems in terms of hygiene and noise. This study was conducted to analyze public complaint data using the keywords 'dog,' 'pet,' and 'puppy' through text mining techniques to identify the causes of conflicts in outdoor public spaces related to dogs and to identify key issues. The main findings of the study are as follows. First, the majority of dog-related complaints were related to the use of outdoor public spaces. Second, different types of outdoor public spaces have different spatial issues. Third, there were a total of four topics of dog-related complaints: 'Requesting a dog playground', 'Raising safety issues related to animals', 'Using facilities other than dog-only areas', and 'Requesting increased park management and enforcement related to pet tickets'. This study analyzed the perceptions of citizens surrounding pets at a time when the creation and use of public spaces related to pets are expanding. In particular, it is significant in that it applied a new method of collecting public opinions by adopting complaint data that clearly presents problems and requests.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.9
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• pp.2289-2298
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• 1997

This paper proposes a new method to recognize map. In order to minimize the ripple effect of one recognition result affecting another, the structural information is represented with a hierarchical model. and the model is used in both the recognition and verification process. Furthermore, lines related to an entity are searched in a used in both the recognition and verification process. Furthermore, lines related to an entity are searched in a reduced search space by defining some relations between lines. When there is a mis-recognition after verificaiton, recognition process will be retired. In the process, the accurate result can obtained through the change of the parameter values used in the algorithm. As a result, the search space is reduced effectively, and even objects that embodies the broken lines and the crossed lines are recognized.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find the complementary idea of the psychological elements in aesthetic expression of architectural space in the sense of healing. Marks $L\ddot{u}scher$, the swiss psychologist suggested reasonable categories of emotional character according to the couple combinations among Content, Self-Esteem, Confidence, and Liberty. His theory on healing is not only the concept but the practical method to understand and control the conflict between contrary elements of emotion. Compared to the Freud's objective theory of cause and consequence, his idea is focused on the subjective and autonomous harmony. This theory based on complementary idea is applied to psychological attitude of architects on Spatial Expression in this study. Refuge, Prospect, Flow and Void are assumed as equivalent spatial elements to the four major emotional conditions suggested by $M.L\ddot{u}scher$. The couple combinations among them also characterize the architectural characters definitely and it is expected to be the reasonable criteria in analysing aesthetic value and motive of creating human space.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.506-509
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• 2011

The development of subcutaneous emphysema is a well-known complication that has been reported after dental extraction, endodontic treatment, or restorative preparation. Gaseous invasion, leading to swelling, crepitus on palpation, is commonly restricted to the connective tisssues immediately adjacent to the entry site. However, the use of compressed air- and water-cooled turbines may allow large amounts of air and water to be driven through the fascial planes into the mediastinum, pleural space, or even the retroperitoneum. This case report is about the patient who presented with subcutaneous emphysema that occurred after fracture line inspection. Possible cause, treatment, and prevention of emphysema will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.11
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• pp.17-26
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• 1975

This study examined the flexibility strategies and the spatial division of labour on production system in the industrial restructuring process of textile and apparel industry in Daegu. Textile and apparel firms in Daegu have come to have power after holding trade function. In the context of existing variant production units across all the sectors of the textile and apparel industry, individual firms that hold trade function can organize the lowest cost production system. Daegu's Textile and apparel industry in Daegu shows the complicated and closely realted production system through individual firm's flexibility strategies. Although the textile and apparel firms produce the same item or have the same size, they pursue different flexibility strategies and form different networked production system and different spatial division of labour.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06b
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• pp.446-449
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• 2011

최근 이동통신, 초고속 인터넷 등 유무선 통신 네트워크 기술 발전에 따라서 정보가정기기 기반의 홈네트워크 서비스는 비약적인 발전을 하고 있다. 특히, 이기종기기간 QOS(Quality of Service)를 보장해줄 수 있는 UPnP(Universal Plug and Play) 기반 기술은 다양한 홈네트워크 서비스 개발에 적용되어지고 있다. 홈네트워크 환경 구축 시 이기종기기간 데이터 교환 및 서비스 전환을 위해서는 홈네트워크 상에 구성되어져 있는 모든 디바이스들을 등록, 연결, 삭제 할 수 있는 관리 기능은 매우 중요한 요소이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 홈네트워크 환경에서 모바일에이전트를 사용하여 자동적으로 디바이스를 탐색하고 상호 연결 할 수 있으며 UPnP 기기가 설치된 공간에서 이동형 서비스를 연속적으로 제공할 수 있는 자동화된 디바이스 매칭 방법을 제안하였다. 모바일에이전트는 홈네트워크 환경에 구성되어져 있는 UPnP Device를 주기적으로 검색하고 탐색하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 또한 Device간의 신뢰성 있는 서비스를 위해 모바일에이전트는 사용자의 Device와 서비스 Device의 연관성을 분석한다. 그리고 가장 유사도가 높은 Device에게 서비스를 연결하는 서비스로그 정보 링크 동작을 수행한다. 그럼으로써 사용자는 서로 다른 서비스 환경에서도 자신의 서비스를 시간, 공간의 제약 없이 연속적으로 제공받을 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 2002

Most tunnel damage such as cracks or leakage which exist in tunnel liner commonly, is caused by the cavities that exist behind the tunnel liner, through the tunnel safety inspections. These cavities were analysed to check if they affect the stability of tunnels. This study is on the development of the controlled low-strength and flowable filling material which an be applied to the cavity behind the tunnel lining. The backfilling material studied here is crushed sand and stone-dust which is in cake-state and is a by-product obtained in the producing process of aggregate. Varying the compound mixing ratio, laboratory tests of compression test and chemical analyses were carried out. In addition, the material was applied to an old tunnel for the performance assessment.