• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.44-52
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• 2014

Small petrol stations have great potential for a wide distribution in metropolitan area in which the land value possesses primary installation cost of the facility. The objective of the present study is to propose appropriate facility regulations of small petrol stations in Korea that can be popularly installed in the future in terms of securing safety in addition to serviceability. The hazard analysis and damage prediction from the possible fire and explosion accidents were performed using a software, PHAST v.6.5. As essential components of the facility regulations proposed in this study, the regulations about the refueling lot, maximum capacity of underground tank, location of fixed refueling facilities, height of firewall for small petrol stations were subsequently compared with those for regular-sized petrol stations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.489-494
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• 2013

This study aims to understand the mode characteristics of a droplet under a periodic forced vibration. To predict the resonance frequency of a droplet, theoretical and experimental approaches were employed. A high-speed camera was used to capture the various deformation characteristics of a droplet-mode shape, detachment, separated secondary droplet, and skewed deformation. The comparison between the theoretical and the experimental approaches shows a ~10% discrepancy in the prediction of the resonance frequency, which appears to be caused by the effect of contact line friction, nonlinear wall adhesion, and experimental uncertainty. Owing to contact-line pinning and smaller amplitude, the droplet shape becomes symmetric and the size of each lobe at the resonance frequency exceeds that at the neighbor, which is out of resonance.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 2007

Carbon nanotubes and nanowires were prepared by methane pyrolysis over Pd(5)/SPK catalyst by changing oxygen molar ratio in a fixed bed flow reactor under atmospheric condition and also analyzed by SEM and TEM. When the $CH_4/O_2$ molar ratio was 1, carbons were not almost deposited on the catalyst bed support, but when it was 2, carbons were deposited as much as plugging reactor. TEM and SEM images for the deposited carbons showed a number of single-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanowires. The growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes produced on the catalyst surface was the tip growth mode. It should be played an important role in carbon nanotubes and nanowires produced on the catalyst bed support to formate the carbon growth velocity vectors and nuclei of ring structure of carbon nanowires. SPK carrier was $N_2$ isotherm of IV type with mesopores, and excellent in the thermal stability.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2000

For the development of enzyme detergent capable of effectively washing at low temperature, a bacterium producing alkaline protease was isolated from soil samples, and properties of the enzyme were investigated. The selected strain was Gram negative, rod shape$(0.6{\sim}0.7{\times}1.3{\sim}2.6\;{\mu}m\;in\;size)$ and motile. It had the degradation activity of aesculin, gelatin and casein, and was catalase-positive. The cell wall components was meso-DAP, and G+C mole contents was 43.3%. From these results, the strain was identified as Acinetobacter sp. KN-27. The activity of alkaline protease by this strain peaked with 3,300 D.U/mL after 36 hours in the liquid culture at $40^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were pH 9 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Alkaline protease produced by Acinetobacter sp. KN-27 has shown two active bands on the electrophoresis of native gel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.251-251
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• 2018

도로설계기준(2012)에 따르면 노면 배수시설은 측구, 집수정, 배수관, 배수구(빗물받이, 맨홀) 등으로 구성되며 중앙분리대 배수에서 구조가 방호벽일 경우 원칙적으로 집수정과 종배수관, 횡배수관을 설치하여 노면수를 배수한다. 최근 기후변화에 따른 국지성 집중호우로 교량 배수시설의 배수능력 부족으로 교량의 노후화, 노면의 체수와 수막현상을 야기한다. 교량 설계 시, 교량의 외관은 점배수에 의한 배수불량으로 막힘부에서의 식물생육, 부식, 배수구의 오염 등으로 심미성에 악영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 국토교통부 도로 배수시설 설계 및 관리지침에서는 기존의 집수정으로 유도하여 배수하는 점배수 형태에서 우수의 지체시간을 저감하기 위해 배수구로 즉시 배수되어 배수 효율을 증가시켜주는 선배수시설을 권장하고 있다. 그러나 선배수 구조의 일반적인 내용만을 기술하고 있으므로 보다 상세한 설계기준이 필요하다. 또한 국내에서는 교면 배수를 위한 횡배수구의 배수능력에 관한 설계 개념은 미국의 빗물받이 설계 개념을 그대로 적용하고 있어서 교량 배수시설의 배수능력 증대를 위한 수치 및 수리실험에 관한 기술적인 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 도로의 흐름해석 및 선배수를 위한 측구 횡배수관의 흐름개선에 관한 구체적인 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 배수로 전반의 유향 분석 및 횡유입관 유입부에서의 상세한 흐름해석과 통수능력을 분석하기 위해서는 수리실험을 통한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 그러나 최적 횡배수관의 형상 및 간격 설정에 대한 수리실험의 물리적 및 시간적 한계를 극복하기 위해 Fluent 모형(Ansys Workbench 13.0)을 활용한 수치모의를 수행하여 모형의 적용성을 검토하였다. 다상유동 해석을 위해 VOF(Volume of Fluid)방법을 적용하였고, 수치해석 방법으로는 비정상류, 난류 모형으로는 standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$모형을 적용했다. 도로 형상에 따른 우수유출량을 비교 분석하기 위하여 횡경사는 2%로 고정하고 종경사를 2%로 선정하여 수치모의를 통한 배수능력을 분석하고 설계에 직접적인 적용성을 검토하였다. 횡배수관의 간격변화 및 배수공의 위치 변화 등에 따른 차집량을 분석하였으며, 개략적인 수리실험 결과와 수치모의의 차집율을 비교 및 분석하여 Fluent 모형의 적용성을 확인하였다. 또한, 횡배수관의 유입부에서의 유속 변화 및 유출부에서의 유속이 모의가 가능하므로 배수시설에서 보다 정확한 흐름 해석이 가능하여 보다 적정한 배수능력 분석이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.75-86
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• 2021

Recently, the domestic BIPV market is expected to revitalize with the introduction of the "zero-energy building certification system(2020~)", but it is somewhat stagnant due to the rigidity of definitions in the current domestic BIPV construction standards. Also, since there is delaying revision on definition and standardization of BIPV, the system is so weak that there are cases where it has been approved as BIPV simply by installing a structure on the wall and fixing the module roughly. The damage caused by this can be passed on to consumers, and it can only create a negative perception of BIPV and jeopardize the entire market. The BIPV definition was prepared through a Delphi survey of related experts about market stagnant cause, unreasonable regulation, etc, and a revised plan was derived accordingly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

A three-dimensional flow simulation model for high flow concrete was developed using Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH), which can solved Navier-Stokes equation with the assumption of a fluid to be incompressible. For the simulation, a computer program code for ISPH was implemented with MATALB programming code. A piecewise cubic spline function was used for the kernel function of ISPH. Projetion method was used to calculate the velocity and pressure of particles as a function of time. Fixed ghost particle was used for wall boundary condition. Free surface boundaries were determined by using virtual density of particles. In order to validate the model and the code, the simulation results of slump flow test, $T_{500}$ test and L-box test were compared with experimental ones. The simulation results were well matched with the experimental results. The simulation described successfully the characteristics of the flow phenomenon according to the change of the viscosity and yield stress of high flow concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.325-325
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• 2017

빗물펌프장은 도시지역 저지대의 우수를 강제로 배출하여 제내지의 치수안전도를 향상시키기 위한 방재시설이다. 변화하는 기상조건에 맞추어 침수취약지역의 치수안전도를 유지 또는 향상시키기 위해서는 빗물펌프장 설계시 목표한 치수성능을 지속적으로 구현할 필요가 있다. 그러나, 펌프시설의 고속운전, 변화하는 펌프운영조건 등의 영향으로 펌프의 성능은 지속적으로 저하된다. 이와 같은 펌프성능의 주요원인은 펌프운영시 발생하는 공기연행이 주요 원인중 하나이다. 흡수정 설계단계에서는 와류에 의한 공기연행을 제어하기 위하여 흡입관경, 흡수정 벽면으로부터의 이격거리 등의 설계요소를 반영하고 있지만, 도심지역의 제한적인 공간특성으로 인하여 설계기준치를 만족하지 못하는 경우가 발생하게 된다. 설계시 흡수정 내에 형성되는 와류를 억제하기 위하여 흡수정의 벽면 모서리를 완만하게 시공하거나, 흡수정 내에 날개벽 또는 별도의 시설을 설치하는 방법을 채택하고 있다. 그러나, 이와 같은 와류방지시설은 고정된 설계조건에 대하여 성능구현이 가능하지만, 홍수시 흡수정 내의 흐름은 하천의 수위 및 유입되는 유량에 의하여 시시각각 변화하게 된다. 이와 같은 운영조건의 변화에 대응할 수 있는 방법을 제시하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 수면에 부유식 와류방지장치를 설치하고 이에 대한 성능을 3차원 수치모의를 통하여 재현한 후 정량적으로 분석하였다. 부유식 와류방지장치에 대한 성능검토결과, 다양한 운영조건에서도 부유식 와류방지장치가 유효한 와류저감효과를 구현하고 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2020

Recently, the Internet and networks are regarded as essential infrastructures that constitute society, and security threats have been constantly increased. However, the network switch that actually transmits packets in the network can cope with security threats only through firewall or network access control based on fixed rules, so the effective defense for the security threats is extremely limited in the network itself and not actively responding as well. In this paper, we propose an in-network security framework using the high-level data plane programming language, P4 (Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processor), to deal with DDoS attacks and IP spoofing attacks at the network level by monitoring all flows in the network in real time and processing specific security attack packets at the P4 switch. In addition, by allowing the P4 switch to apply the network user's or administrator's policy through the SDN (Software-Defined Network) controller, various security requirements in the network application environment can be reflected.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Bacteria grow biofilm on various surface such as separation membrane, food packaging film and biomedical device. Growth of biofilm is associated with the formation of a complex structure of exopolysaccharides. Effect of antibacterial effect reduce drastically once the biofilm developed due to the difficulties in mass transport of antimicrobial agent. In order to enhance the antibacterial activity, surface of the membrane is modified, coated or immobilized with functional materials with biocidal properties. One of the idea is to introduce positive charge on the membrane surface by the presence of quaternary ammonium group which might displace divalent metal ion such as magnesium or calcium present in the bacteria cell wall. Efficacy of cell membrane disruption depends on the mobility of the agents available directly on the surface environment. In this review, various biocidal agents like quaternary ammonium group, helamine or zwitter ion containing membrane are discussed.