• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.377-383
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• 2016

The effect of long-term aging degradation on magnetic properties of ferritic 11Cr low-carbon steel was investigated. Coercivity and hysteresis loss measured from the hysteresis loops decreased with long-term aging time and showed that the relation was well fitted by a second order exponential function. Vickers hardness also decreased with aging time and resulted in mechanical softening. In addition, the microstructural evolution was observed by the scanning electron microscopy, backscattered electron image and X-ray diffraction. The $Cr_{23}C_6$ precipitates along grain boundary grew fast and Laves ($Fe_2W$) phase on martensitic lath boundaries in interior grains was developed. The solid solution atoms depleted in matrix and lath subgrains recovered owing to precipitate coarsening with long-term aging degradation. There was a close relation with softening of magnetic and mechanical properties.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Objective : The side effect of prolonged use of topical corticosteroids to skin is well-known. Moreover, resent studies have shown that prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids also negatively impacts skin barrier function. Corticosteroids have a major role in the practical management of many variable conditions. So, it is important to find the drug or the method which could protect the skin from the damage caused by corticosteroids. At former study, we investigated that Insamyangyoung-tang has some effect on skin barrier function of DNCB induced contact dermatitis hairless mice. So, this study was performed to research the effect of Insamyangyoung-tang on the TEWL with high dose steroid injected hairless mice. Method : Hairless mice were divided into 4 groups ; Control group, Group A, Group B and Group C. All groups were injected triamcinolone O.4mg for 10 times. Control group was medicated distilled water during the experimental period. Group A was medicated distilled water for 5 days before the $1^{st}$ injection day, and then medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract during the experimental period. Group B was medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract for 5 days before the $1^{st}$ injection day, and then medicated distilled water during the experimental period. Group C was medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract for 5 days before the $1^{st}$ injection day, and then medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract during the experimental period. TEWL of each group was measured for 5 times. After the $10^{th}$ injection, the tissue sample was made and the damage of epithelial cell was examined. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 by using non parametric methods and repeated-anova.. Results : Group C showed significant effect on TEWL change of hairless mice evoked by triamcinolone injection. Group A and Group B also showed some effect, but there was no statistical significance.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.480-497
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with unveiling the responsiveness of large Korean firms to external shock by examining corporate restructuring in terms of production and organization. Throughout empirical research, I speculate on how corporate restructuring influences and relates to corporate teaming and adaptation. The main findings of this research are as follows. First, the restructuring of business structure was expected to strengthen core competencies and improve profitability and the restructuring of organizational structure to make it possible for responding more quickly to radical changes in its business environment. Second, both downsizing and employment adjustment have assisted the firm with unlearning obsolete practices, preconditions necessary for effectively accomplishing new teaming practices. Third, both the spatial reorganization of production activities and process innovation require and involve learning processes. In conclusion, it claims that corporate restructuring can be seen as a powerful loaming tool, particularly in the context of radical economic change.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of anorexia induced by consecutive low-dose and high-dose of cisplatin (CDDP) on the hindlimb muscles of rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: Control group (C) received a saline (the same dose and duration as the low CDDP group), the high-dose cisplatin (High CDDP) group received a single 5 mg/kg dose of cisplatin, the consecutive low-dose cisplatin (Low CDDP) group had 1 mg/kg of cisplatin administered for five consecutive days. On the 8th day the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight, Type I, II fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dissected muscles were measured. Results: Body weight, food intake, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber CSA of the High CDDP and Low CDDP groups were significantly less than the C group. The High CDDP group showed significant decreases, compared to the Low CDDP group, in body weight, food intake, activity score, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber CSA. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs due to anorexia induced by both consecutive low-dose and high-dose cisplatin. The muscle atrophy induced by consecutive low-dose cisplatin is less apparent than high-dose cisplatin.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

The economic depression during the last decade of the 20th century caused various drastic changes in the social structure, including employment and educational systems. Japanese universities have devoted much effort to research activity and the development of teaching methodology for engineering education was not a major effort for professors. Decrease of 18 years old population, however, forced universities to change this attitude. University education is no more for only elite but is becoming very popular among young people. Another impact came from the 'globalization'of industrial societies such as establishment of WTO and APEC. Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education (JABEE) was established to cope with both domestic and international problems in 1999, and JABEE was admitted as a full signatory member of the Washington Accord in 2005. The Professional Engineer Law was amended linked with JABEE. The importance of engineering ethics has been recognized with these social structure changes. Japanese Society for Engineering Education (JSEE) is contributing for reformation of Japanese engineering education through its activities including supporting JABEE. This paper describes the problems now Japanese engineering education is facing and the role of JSEE in order to reorganize the engineering education in Japan.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.533-544
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• 2002

In order to investigate the relative mobility (RM) of dissolved elements during processes controlling major and trace element content, the concentrations of major, minor and trace elements were reviewed from the previous data of $CO_2$-rich waters and granites from Kangwon Province. The relative mobility of elements dissolved in $CO_2$-rich waters is calculated from $CO_2$-rich water/granite ratio with normalizing by sodium. The results show that gaseous input of magmatic volatile metals into the aquifer is negligible in this study area, being limited by cooling of the rising fluids. Granite leaching by weakly acidic, $CO_2$-charged water is the overwhelming source of metals. Poorly mobile element (Al) is preferentially retained in the solid residue of weathering, while alkalis, alkaline earth and oxo-hydroxo anion forming elements (especially As and U) are mobile and released to the aqueous system. Transition metals display an intermediate behavior and are strongly dependent on either the redox conditions (Fe and Mn) or solid surface-related processes (adsorption or precipitation) (V, Zn and Cu).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.551-560
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• 2017

This study is aimed at finding plans to enhance life satisfaction of elderly people with disability. For this, it analyzed the influence of economic characteristics and health characteristics upon life satisfaction, as well as a mediating effect of self-esteem. This study utilized data from the $7^th$ Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled(PSED). The results are as follows, First, life satisfaction was high in the case of being employed and when old-age preparation was ready, current status of health, whether or not they need help in their daily life, chronic disease. Second, the mediate effect of self-esteem was analyzed for the influence of the plan for old age, good health condition and other's help in daily life upon life satisfaction. That is, those enhanced the self-esteem and it played an important role to improve life satisfaction. Based on such study results, this study recommends a number of the policy suggestions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 1999

The effect of dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it's mutant M-10 was studied the growth kinetics and the possibility of waste treatment for reducing the amount of excess sludge. Different DO concentrations on the growth of wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa affected to cellular yields, decreasing with increasing DO concentrations. Under these conditions, the maximum 14 folds decrease of cellular yield was achieved at 90 ppm DO levels by screened, being able to reduce their cellular yields under low DO concentration. The optimum mutation conditions were obtained by the treatment of NTG mutagen at 30${\circ}C$ for 1 hr. The growth characteristics of the selected mutant M-10 showed the same as the wild type growth kinetics. However, cellular yields are significantly decreased to 55% compared with those of wild type under DO concentrations increased. We, therefore, expect the application of the mutants to waste treatment for reducing excess sludge.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.313-313
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• 1994

대상환자는 40예중 37예에서 평가가 가능하였고 남녀비는 11:26. 중앙연령 42세 이었으며 대상질환은 위선암 12에, 유방암 10예. 골옥종 5예등 이었다. rhGM-CSF에 의한 부작용은 150.250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군에서는 Grade I-II의 전신쇠약감, 근육통.심계항진등이 관찰되었으나 특별한 조치없이 회복되었다. 350$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군에서는 8예에서 WHO grade II-III의 전신쇠약, 전신열감, 흉부압박감, 호흡곤란 등을 호소하였고 1예에서 투여 1일러 WHO gradeIII의 피부반응이 나타났으며, 이 중 2예에서는 rhGM-CSF를 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d로 감량투여후 상시 증상이 소실되었다. rhGM-CSF 투여전의 대조기와 투여기의 혈액학적 소견 비교시. 평균 중성구 최저치는 세 용량군에서 모두 관찰기에 비해 시험기어서 증가하였고. 평균 총 백혈군 최저치는 150.350 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군은 차이가 있었고 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군은 차이가 있었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 비혈구치가 최저치에서 4.000/㎣ 이상으로 회복되는 평균일수와 호중구치가 최저치에서 2.000/㎣ 이상으로 회복되는 평균일수는 세 용량군 모두에서 관찰기어 비해 시험기에서 증가하였다. 고용량 항암약물요법후 중성구 감소에 의한 발열은 rhGM-CSF 비투여기에서 18예. rhGM-CSF 투여기에서 8예 관찰되었다고 발열기간은 각각 5-7일. 2-3일 이었다. 임상 양상은 세 용량군 간 차이가 없었으나, 시험기에서 발열의 발현율이 낮았으며, 발열일 수와 항생제 사용일 수가 짧았다. 결론: 골수억제 조절 효과는 용량에 따른 혈액소견에 미치는 영향, 부작용, 감염의 빈도, 감염발생에 따른 항생제 사용기간 등을 고려하여 그 임상 유효성 평가시, 제 3상 시험에 사용할 권장량 (recommended dose) 은 250 ug/$m^2$/d $\times$ 10d 으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2010

With changes of global environment, a growing number of people has entered America in recent decades, including immigrants, refugees, exchange students, and visitors. The influx of newcomers has brought great challenges to American public libraries to meet the needs and desires of diverse groups in the community. This paper discusses how public libraries can improve their services and programs for the ethnic, cultural, and linguistic diversities of community members. Especially, this paper comprehensively discusses that the public library's atmosphere for newcomers, community need assessment, library services and programs, multicultural collections, multicultural staff, collaboration with other organizations and groups, information and communication technology, and future challenges for public libraries.