• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.567-584
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• 2013

This study aims to explore an evolutionary path of the IT service industry in Fairfax County using the Cluster Adaptive Cycle model in economic geography. The analysis is based on detailed historical and industrial information obtained through a variety of data sources including local archival materials, economic census, and interviews. This study also performs a shift-share analysis during the period of 1990 to 2011. Using the adaptive cycle model, the local IT service industry is indicated by a trajectory of constant cluster mutation. The evolution of the local IT service industry has been closely related to federal government policy due to the regional specificity of the National Capital Region and the proximity of the Department of Defense. Although the economic downturn of the late 2000s, the local IT service industry has been notable resilience and adapted to a changing market and technological environment. This constant mutation of the local industry is resulted from not only high resilience which is based on the large government procurement market, the reinforcement of adaptive capacity of the local firms and the network of economic agents such as firm and supporting institutions, but also high flexibility of the knowledge-based service industry to a changing business environment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.105-114
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• 2006

The construction craft workers have been getting older and have become drained, in spite of the vital factor that it directly affects productivity and quality as a final producer. This situation in the construction industry is ultimately due to evasion of performances by young craft workers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose the certification and level system of construction craft workers and to extract young craft workers from the market for construction craft workers so as to supply and demand high quality of craft workers. First of all, the present status and problems of the domestic construction craft workers are considered in this study. Furthermore, the appropriate way to establish its certification and level system is suggested from the Interview with experts, as well as references of German and Australian case. The revitalization of certification and level system provided in this study is expected to ensure that the craft workers are not simple laborers, but are required the professional knowledge and skill. Besides, it will lead to strengthen specificity and to break from aging, by taking young and qualified craft workers into the construction industry. Also, it will promote an employment stability by connecting the social security system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.67-90
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors to affect low fertility and to investigate its implications to social welfare. For the purpose, I surveyed 360 married women and men in Gyeongnam province, and employed multi-regression, logistic regression model to process the data. I analyzed factors to influence low fertility in three aspects: demographic feature, socio-economic status, and personal sense of value. The results of analysis can be summarized as follows: (1) the period of marriage in demographic feature, income level in social economic status, and the necessity of children in personal sense of value are important factors to affect the current fertility level, (2) period of marriage, total numbers of children, gender of the first child are determining the future childbirth in demographic feature. Secondly, income level is interrelated to the future childbirth in socio-economic status. Thirdly, in the aspect of personal values, how much one needs to get married, how much one prefers son to daughter, how much one relies on one's children to realize one's dream are interrelated to the future childbirth, (3) the cost of bringing up a child as well as he expense of private education, lacking of a day nursery, and economic difficulty are causes to make people to postpone or give up childbirth. These results suggest that development of population policy to promote women's social participation and to strengthen family welfare as well as social welfare is necessary. These also implicates that if we pursue integrated policies on women, childcare, and education, we can get much more effective population welfare policy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 2018

The regional industry promotion system, which seeks to link the characteristics and resources of the region to its core strategic industry, is spreading the industrial resources in the form of an organic network. The Seosan-Daesan Port is the only port in the Chungcheong provinces that is equipped with international passenger dock and terminal, and it will soon have a ferry service operating to the Longyan port in Rongcheng, China in 2018. The study focuses on effects of the first international ferry operation in the provinces that are being realized with the aim of developing the regional industry. The study also analyzes the ripple effects on the tourism and port industries in the provinces by tapping into the 2013 regional inter-industry table. The analysis shows that the scheduled ferry operation will generate 47,815 million won in production and 23,423 million won in added value for the region's tourism industry. It will also generate total revenue of 12,567 million won for the port industry driven by the locally handled freight containers and the added value. Currently, the Korea-China ferry operation in other regions exhibits greater dependence on the cargo than the passengers. Thus, for the international ferry operation to and from Seosan, generating maximum employment in tourism from the passengers of the international ferry operation will require strategic marketing to attract tourists. At the same time, a steady supply of cargo needs to be sustained by maintaining a balance between import and export cargoes. Furthermore, greater efforts should be made to create more sea routes than other regions or to increase voyages for the purpose of generating more added value.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-146
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• 2020

There is an increasing need to foster new industries at the local level. This study aims to analyze the spatial patterns of new industries in Korea from 2007-2017 and to figure out its determinants of agglomeration in 2017. Through this study, it is found that new industries are unevenly distributed around Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA). The regional disparity between SMA and non-SMA is prominent. Furthermore, new industries represent a strong spatial positive autocorrelation, showing a strong concentration on a few regions in Korea. This study explores the determinants on agglomeration of new industries with spatial statistical model. From the results of spatial error model, it is indicated that the number of graduate students, the ratio of technology based start-ups, and the number of elementary, middle, and high schools have a significant effect on new industries. In addition, the specialization and the diversity of industrial structure on knowledge-based manufacturing industries and knowledge-based service industries have been statistically significant. This study provides implications that non-SMA needs policies with respect to attracting talented people, developing human resources, and improving regional environment in order to improve regional competitiveness in promoting new industries.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-157
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• 1997

19세기(世紀) 중반(中盤)에 시작된 선진국(先進國)들의 공업화(工業化)는 약 100년이 소요(所要)되었는데 동(東)아시아 신흥공업국(新興工業國)(NICs)들의 경우에는 20~30년이 소요(所要)된 것으로 추정된다. 후자(後者)의 공업화(工業化) 경험은 흔히 '동(東)아시아의 기적(奇蹟)'이라 불린다. 그러나 이 고속성장(高速成長) 혹은 압축성장(壓縮成長)이 가능했던 이유가 무엇이냐에 관해 경제학계(經濟學界) 내외(內外)에서 그리고 국내외(國內外)에서 일치된 의견이 없고, 특히 이 과정에서의 정부(政府)의 역할(役割)을 어떻게 평가하느냐에 관하여는 더욱 그러하다. 신고전(新古典) 경제학(經濟學)은 이 나라들의 가격왜곡(價格歪曲)의 최소화(最小化), 시장기구(市場機構)의 활용(活用), 국제분업(國際分業)에의 참여(參與)에서 주된 이유를 찾고 있는데 비해, 소위 수정주의(修正主義)는 이같은 견해가 사실과 크게 괴리가 있으며 '기적(奇蹟)'은 시장(市場)의 자원배분(資源配分)에 대한 정부개입(政府介入)이 주효(奏效)하였기 때문이라 주장한다. '동(東)아시아의 기적(奇蹟)'은 동(東)아시아란 지역(地域)에서 일어난 현상일 뿐 아니라 20세기(世紀) 후반(後半)에 일어난 동시대적(同時代的) 현상이기도 하다. 공업화(工業化)를 이룬 나라들은 모두 세계시장(世界市場)과 활발히 교역(交易)하였다는 공통점이 있는데, 세계시장(世界市場)의 규모(規模)를 대표하는 세계총수출(世界總輸出)이 19세기(世紀) 중반(中盤)과 20세기(世紀) 후반(後半) 사이에 실질기준(實質基準)으로 100배 이상 커졌다. 이 글은 세계시장(世界市場)의 규모증대(規模增大)가 동(東)아시아 NICs들의 고속성장(高速成長)의 이유(理由)였을 가능성(可能性)을 이론적(理論的)으로, 실증적(實證的)으로 검토해본 것이다. 이론적(理論的)으로는, A Lewis의 무한노동공급(無限勞動供給)(unlimited supply of labor)이 존재하는 경제(經濟)에서는 세계시장((世界市場) 상대가격(相對價格)이 불변(不變)인 한 제조업내(製造業內) 노동집약도(勞動集約度)가 높은 산업(産業)에 대한 투자유인(投資誘因)이 지속된다는 점에 고속성장(高速成長)의 근거가 있다고 보았다. 이러한 투자(投資)의 지속은 제조업부문(製造業部門)의 산출(産出)과 고용(雇傭)이 경제(經濟)에서 점하는 비중(比重)을 낮은 자원비용(資源費用)으로 증대(增大)시킬 것이기 때문이다. 실증분석(實證分析)에서는, 필요한 통계자료(統計資料)가 있는 19개국의 공업화(工業化) 경험(經驗)을 검토하였는데, 한 나라가 공업화(工業化)를 시작하는 시점(時點)의 세계총수출(世界總輸出)이 클수록 그 나라의 공업화(工業化) 소요기간(所要期間)이 단축(短縮)된다는 매우 확실한 증거가 있었다. 또한 동(東)아시아 NICs의 공업화(工業化) 소요기간(所要期間)이 선진국(先進國) 경험에 비해 약 1/4의 길이로, 혹은 그보다 더 짧게 단축(短縮)된 것은 거의 모두 세계총수출(世界總輸出) 규모(規模)의 증가(增加)로 설명될 수 있었다. 이같은 이론적(理論的) 근거(根據)와 실증적(實證的) 증거(證據)를 감안할 때, 우리 경제(經濟)는 정부주도형(政府主導型)이었으나 고속성장(高速成長)을 가능하게 한 것은 정부주도(政府主導)보다는 그 규모(規模)가 대폭 증대한 세계시장(世界市場)에서의 국제분업(國際分業)이었다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2012

In recent days, the wire width of IC is narrowed and the degree of integration of IC is increased to obtain the higher capacity of the devices in electronic industry. And then the surface quality of FCCL(Flexible Copper Clad Laminate) became increasingly important. Surface defects on FCCL are bump, scratch, dent and so on. In particular, bumps cause low reliability of the products. Even though there are bumps on the surface, if leveling characteristic of plating solution is good, it does not develop significant bump. In this study, the leveling characteristics of additives are investigated. The objective of study is to improve the leveling characteristic and reduce the surface step through additives and plating conditions. The additives in the electrodeposition bath are critical to obtain flat surface and free of defects. In order to form flat copper surface, accelerator, suppressor and leveler are added to the stock solution. The reason for the addition of leveler is planarization surface and inhibition of the formation of micro-bump. Levelers (SO(Safranin O), MV(Methylene Violet), AB(Alcian Blue), JGB(Janus Green B), DB(Diazine Black) and PVP(Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone) are used in copper plating solution to enhance the morphology of electroplated copper. In this study, the nucleation and growth behavior of copper with variation of additives are studied. The leveling characteristics are analyzed on artificially fabricated Ni bumps.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

The block-scale groundwater flow system at Olkiluoto site in Finland was simulated. The heterogeneous and anisotropic hydraulic conductivity field for the domain was constructed from the discrete fracture network, which considered only the fractured zones identified in the deep boreholes installed in the study site. The groundwater flow model was calibrated by adjusting the recharge rate and the transmissivities of the fractured zones to fit the calculated hydraulic heads and into- and out-flow rates in the observation intervals of the boreholes with the observed ones. In the calibrated model, the calculated flow rates at some intervals were not in accordance with the observed ones although the calculated hydraulic heads fit well with the observed ones, which revealed that the number of the conduits for groundwater flow is insufficient in the conceptual model for groundwater flow modeling. Therefore, it was recommended that the potential local conduits such as background fractures should be added to the present conceptual model.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 1998

In metal-carbon system with no mutual solubility between matrix and alloying elements as solid or liquid phases, Cu-C-X nanocomposite metal powders were prepared by high energy ball milling for solid-lubricating bronze bearings. Elemental powder mixtures of Cu-lOwt.%C- 5wt. %Fe and Cu- lOwt. %C- 5wt. %Al were mechanically alloyed with an attritor in an argon atmosphere, and then microstructural evolution of the Cu-C-X nanocomposite metal powders was examined. It has been found that after 10 hours of MA, the approximately 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ sized Cu-C- X nanocomposite metal powders can be produced in both compositions. Morphological characteristics and microstructural evolution of the Cu-C-X powders have shown a similar MA procedure compared to those of metal-metal system. As a result of X - ray diffraction analysis, diffraction peaks of Cu and C were broaden and peak intensities were decreased as a function of MA time. Especially, the gradual disappearance of C peaks in the X- ray spectra is proved to be due to the lower atomic scattering factor of C. The calculated Cu crystallite sizes in Cu- C- X nanocomposite metal powders by Williamson- Hall equation were about lOnm size, on the other hand, the observed ones by TEM were in the range of 10 to 30nm.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.639-647
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• 1998

Al-containing titanium silicalite-1 ([Al]-TS-1) catalyst was prepared hydrothermally, and the effects of synthesis parameters such as silica/alumina sources, $SiO_2/TiO_2$ ratio, and aging treatment were investigated. The structure, crystal size, and shape were examined by XRD and SEM, and the extent of titanium incorporation into the zeolite framework was examined using UV-vis DRS spectroscopy. For [Al]-TS-1 catalyst preparation, aging of ca. 24h was essential, and the faster crystallization rates were achieved with Cab-O-Sil than with Ludox or TEOS as a silica source. In addition, the higher crystallinity and faster crystallization rate were obtained using sodium aluminate as an aluminum source. 2-butanol oxidation using $H_2O_2$ as an oxidant was carried out to confirm the redox property of the [Al]-TS-1. Acid sites catalyzed toluene alkylation study indicated that lattice titanium species in [Al]-TS-1 weakened the acid strength, and the para-ethyltoluene selectivity was enhanced as a results.