• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2010

Studies on the production of cell-wall bound innerpolysaccharides (IPS) (soluble ${\beta}$-D-glucan) have been performed by use of suspended myelial cultures of Inonotus obliquus. This product has promising potentials as an effective antidiabetic as well as an immunostimulating agents. As a first step to enhanced production of IPS, Intensive strain improvement programs were carried out by obtaining a large amounts of protoplasts for the isolation of single cell colonies. Rapid and large screening of high-yielding producers was possible because about fivefold higher amount of protoplasts ($2.3{\times}10^6$ protoplasts/mL) could be recovered with relatively high regeneration rates of $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}$ by applying a modified filtration method, as compared to the previously used trapping method. A basic protocol necessary for UV-mutation of the protoplasts was also developed, resulting in several overproducing variants with good fermentation properties. Since the amount of IPS extracted from the mycelial cell walls of I. obliquus turned out to be almost constant per g DCW, increase in cell mass was considered the most important factor for the enhancement in IPS production. Therefore, attempts were made to screen mutant cells showing rapid mycelial growth rate in the final suspended cultures. Notably, the mutant strains showing an active cellgrowth in the preceding solid growth cultures were observed to produce higher amount of IPS in the suspended fermentations as well. A striking mutant, OBLQ756-15-5 strain, obtained from the survivors of a harsh UV-treated condition (97% death rate) was found to stably produce as high cell mass as 22 g DCW/L in the final fermentations. Currently, this strain is being tested for development of a scaled-up fermentation process for mass production of IPS.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.417-427
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• 2010

The Lankawi archipelago is located in 30 km western offshore near the Thailand-Malaysia border in west coast of the Malay Peninsula and consists of 99 (+5) tropical islands, covering an area of about $479km^2$. Together with biodiversity in flora and fauna, the Lankawi archipelago displays also geodiversity that includes rock diversity, landform diversity, and fossil diversity. These biodiversity and geodiversity have led to the Lankawi islands as a newly emerging hub for ecotourism in Southeast Asia. As a result, the Lankawi islands have been designated the first Global Geopark in Southeast Asia by UNESCO since July 1st, 2007. The geodiversity of Lankawi Geopark today is a result of a very long depositional history under the various sedimentological regimes and paleoenvironments during the Paleozoic, followed by tectonic and magmatic activities until the early Mesozoic, and finally by surface processes that etched to the present beautiful landscape. Paleozoic strata exposed in the Lankawi Geopark are subdivided into four formations that include the Machinchang (Cambrian), Setul (Ordovician to Early Devonian), Singa (Late Devonian to Carboniferous), and Chuping (Permian) formations in ascending order. These strata are younging to the east, but they are truncated by the Kisap Thrust in the eastern part of the islands. Top-to-the-westward transportation of the Kisap Thrust has brought the older Setul Formation (and possibly Machinchang Formation) from the east to overlay the younger Chuping and Singa formations in the central axis of the Lankawi islands. Triassic Gunung Raya Granite intruded into these sedimentary strata, and turned them partially into various types of contact metamorphic rocks that locally contain tin mineral deposits. Since Triassic, not much geologic records are known for the Lankawi islands. Tropical weathering upon rocks of the Lankawi islands might have taken place since the Early Jurassic and continues until the present. This weathering process played a very important role in producing beautiful landscapes of the Lankawi islands today.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2017

We determined SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the detrital zircons separated from the Bangnim Group of the Pyeongchang area to constrain its depositional age. As the result, the minimum age group yielded $^{206}Pb/^{238}U$ age of $450.3{\pm}4.2Ma$ (n=3), suggesting depositional age younger than Late Ordovician. Therefore, the Bangnim Group cannot be a Precambrian sedimentary formation but is younger than Myobong Formation of the Early Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup of the Taebaeksan basin. Such a depositional age implies that the Bangnim Group and structurally overlying Jangsan Quartzite should be in fault contact, suggesting that the Jangsan Quartzite, Myobong Formation and Pungchon Limestone thrusted over the Bangnim Group. The zircon U-Pb age distribution pattern of the Bangnim Group resembles those of the Early Paleozoic Myobong and Sambangsan Formations of the Taebaeksan basin and seemingly Middle Paleozoic Daehyangsan Quartzite and the Taean Formation. However, detrital zircon U-Pb age patterns of the Late Paleozoic Pyeongan Supergroup are quite distinct from them, suggesting drastic change in provenance of the detrital zircon supply. Therefore, we suggest that the Bangnim Group was deposited before the Pyeongan Supergroup.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.367-379
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• 2019

Pyeongan Supergroup (PS) in the Taebaeksan basin preserves key geological evidences to understand the tectonometamorphic evolution of the Songrim orogeny that affected the formation of the Korean Peninsula during the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. The aims of this paper therefore are to investigate the characteristics of the Songrim orogeny based on the previous results of metamorphism and deformations of the PS, and then to review geological significance and research necessity of the PS. Age distributions and Th/U ratio of detrital zircon in the PS indicate that sedimentary environment of the Taebaeksan basin during the late Paleozoic was arc-related foreland basin and retro-arc foreland basin at the active continental margin. In addition, the main magmatic activities occurred in the early Pennsylvanian and Middle Permian, thus sedimentation and magmatic activities occurred simultaneously. The PS was affected by lower temperature-medium pressure (M1) and medium temperature and pressure (M2) regional metamorphism during the Songrim orogeny. During M1, slate and phyllite containing chloritoid, andalusite, kyanite porphyroblasts intensively deformed by E-W bulk crustal shortening combined with folding and shearing. And garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts were formed during the N-S bulk crustal shortening accompained by M2. Such regional metamorphism of the PS is interpreted to occur in an area where high strain zone is localized during ca. 220-270 Ma. In order to elucidate the evolution of the Taebaeksan basin and tectonic features of the Songrim orogeny, it is expected that the study will be carried out such as the regional distribution of metamorphic zones developed in the PS, characteristics and timing of deformations, and late Paleozoic paleo-geography of the Taebaeksan basin.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.304-316
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the records of 8 people with mental disabilities who had participated in Research and Mutual Help of Bethel's House and to investigate the occurrence of mental crisis and process of self-help by using the grounded theory method. As a result of axial coding, the central phenomenon of crisis experience of the people with mental disabilities was derived as 'being overwhelmed by hardships in the life related to their symptoms'. In the self-help process of overcoming the crisis, Action-interaction strategies were derived as 'talking about the hardships', 'researching and practicing with peers', 'participating in various groups', etc. through the intervening conditions such as 'understanding patterns and meanings of hardships led by the person' and 'finding ways to overcome the hardships with the person'. These strategies were analyzed as a process in which the person with mental disabilities leads his/her life reassuming control over his/her crisis. The result of this study shows that it is necessary to expand the political crisis concept in the support system for the mental crisis of people with mental disabilities, and the self-help approach in which the persons participate autonomously can be useful.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.126-145
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• 2017

The Seokgaejae section is located along a timber access road and a driveway across Bonghwa County, North Gyeongsang Province, and Samcheog city, Gangwon Province. Its stratigraphic column shows all of the ten strata of the lower Paleozoic Taebaek Group, Joseon Supergroup. The Seokgaejae section is proved to be scientifically important. Thirty-eight domestic/international journal papers have been published on this early Paleozoic stratigraphic site, and many distinguished researchers over the world have visited the site. However, the section has never been considered to be designated as a national natural monument and was not included in the adjacent Gangwon Paleozoic National Geopark due to management or administrative issues. Although the Seokgaejae section sufficiently satisfies many of the national natural monument criteria, designation for the natural monument may not be justified because of the facts that the outcrop was artificially exposed by road construction; the chance of destruction of the outcrop is relatively few; demage on the outcrop to some extent does not impair the intrinsic value of the section; and the geomorphological/landscape value of the section is low. The application of the recently modified geological heritage assessment model to the Seokgaejae section shows very high scores on the scientific/educational, intrinsic, and functional values. Based on the improved geological heritage grade standard, the Seokgaejae section conforms to the national-level protection criteria. It is strongly recommended to manage the Seokgaejae section as a principal geosite by including it in the Gangwon Paleozoic National Geopark. This case study on the Seokgaejae section also suggests that the process of application and endorsement of a national geopark need further improvement. As well as the improvement of the system or policy related to geological heritages, further efforts of the experts in various fields of geoscience are required in order for other geological heritages not to be neglected from now on.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2021

The exposed rocks in the Zacatecas state include mainly Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic, Cenozoic volcanic and plutonic rocks. Paleozoic metamorphic rocks found in the northwestern portion of the state are considered as the most ancient rocks. These rocks correspond to the Caopas Formation which underlays the Later Paleozoic Rodeo Formation. The Mesozoic sequences are represented by a marine sedimentary sequence of the Later Triassic and the red beds of the Triassic-Jurassic Nazas Formation. The marine sediments of the Upper Jurassic overlay the Nazas Formation or metamorphic rocks from the Paleozoic. The Cretaceous sequences comprises marine sedimentary rocks in the north and northeast, and a volcanosedimentary set in the center and southeast. The Cenozoic is represented by volcanic nondifferentiated rocks, intrusive igneous rocks of acid and intermediate composition, and continental conglomerates with evaporitic sediments. The Quarternary sequences includes basalts, piedmont deposits, alluviums and occasionally, layers of evaporites and saltpeter. Furthermore, a great diversity of mineral deposits of both metallic and nonmetallic types occur in Zacatecas state. The rocks composing these deposits are extremely varied and include formations from Paleozoic to Tertiary. The mineralization age of ore deposits corresponds to the Tertiary in approximately 90%, and their genesis is mainly considered as epigenetic.

• Environmental engineer
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• v.18 s.189
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• pp.16-19
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• 2002

CEO는 일반적으로 최고경영자(Chief Executive Officer)를 뜻하는 말이지만 나는 Chief Environment Officer 라는 뜻으로 해석하고 우리 환경관리인 모두 경영자가 되어야 한다는 뜻으로 위와 같은 제목을 썼다. 전국의 많은 환경관리인들은 주어진 책무를 다하기 위해 오늘도 많은 수고를 아끼지 않고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 환경관리인들은 열악한 여건 하에서 일을 해야 하기 때문에 많은 고생을 하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 최

• Environmental engineer
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• v.18 s.192
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• pp.14-19
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• 2002

CEO는 일반적으로 최고경영자(Chief Executive Officer)를 뜻하는 말이지만 나는 Chief Environment Officer 라는 뜻으로 해석하고 우리 환경관리인 모두 경영자가 되어야 한다는 뜻으로 위와 같은 제목을 썼다. 전국의 많은 환경관리인들은 주어진 책무를 다하기 위해 오늘도 많은 수고를 아끼지 않고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 환경관리인들은 열악한 여건 하에서 일을 해야 하기 때문에 많은 고생을 하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 최

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.39-56
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• 2002

우리나라는 고생대의 조선계층에 석회암이 분포하는데 이 석회암지대는 탄산가스를 포함하는 우수에 용식되어 카르스트 지형이 널리 분포하고 있다. 석회암은 자연상태에서는 광범위하게 분포하는 퇴적암이므로 카르스트 지형도 광범위하게 분포할 것 같지만, 실제는 매우 제한적인 분포를 보인다. 세계적으로 유명한 석회암 카르스트 지형 분포지는 프랑스의 코스지방을 비롯하여, 스페인의 안다루시아지방, 자메이카, 쿠바 서부, 중국의 화남지방, 버어마 일부, 일본의 아키요시다이 등이다. (중략)