• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2012

Two unrecorded species (Sceptridium atrovirens and S. microphyllum), previously known only in Japan, were found in a forest in Dosun-dong, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do for the first time in Korea. S. atrovirens was distinguished from other related species of the genus Sceptridium in Korea by having the thickest rhizome and root, irregularly crenulate or roughly serrate, and a shorter sporophore blade. The local name was newly given as 'Sup-go-sa-ri-sam' for the species, denoting the habitat. S. microphyllum was distinguished by having the smallest plant height, compact sterile blades, and partly lateritious tropophyll in winter. The local name was newly given as 'Aegi-go-sa-ri-sam' for species, meaning of a small size. To reveal the interspecific relationships within the genus Sceptridium in Korea, cladistic analysis was performed for 27 morphological characteristics. The morphological characteristics and illustrations of the two taxa, as well as photographs at the habitat, are provided with a taxonomic key to the species of Sceptridium in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2009

Phylogeny of the family Ophioglossaceae and a phylogenetic position of Mankyua were estimated through analyses of chloroplast rbcL gene sequences and spore morphology. Sequence analysis of the rbcL gene clearly indicated that there are two major lineages in the family Ophioglossaceae: Botrychioid lineage and Ophioglossoid lineage. The Botrichioid lineage is composed of three distinct clades: Botrychium, Helminthostachys and Mankyua, where Helminthostachys and Mankyua were placed as sister groups to the Botrychium. Within the genus Botrychium, subgenera Septridium and Botrychium were monophyletic, while taxa of subgen. Botrypus branched as sister of the two, successively, thus making a non-monophyletic group. Ophioglossum formed the Ophioglossoied lineage, where the subgen. Ophioglossum is monophyletic, while subgen. Cheiroglossa and Ophoderma formed a sister relationship with subgen. Ophioglossum. In terms of external morphology and spores, Mankyua is most similar to Helminthostachys, however, patristic distance in the cladogram and trophophore characteristics of the two genera are distinct. Therefore, Mankyua is a well defined genus within the family in terms of morphology as well as molecular phylogeny which places it in basal position of the Botrychioid lineage on the gene tree.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 1995

In order to clarify the relationship between the activity and age of vacular cambium in the rhizome of Botrychium ternatum, the cambia of the 6th and 10th internodes from its shoot apex were compared ultrastructurally and histochemically. The cambium in the 6th internode had two to four radially arranged cells in each row, and the cells are radially flattened and had thiner tangential walls than radial. The cambial cells were ultrastructurally characterlized by the presence of a large vacuole, few storage materials such as starch grains and lipid droplets, and various cell organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulums and dictyosomes in cytoplasm. On the other hand, the cells of cambium in the 10th internode showed irregular arangement and somewhat enlargement in radial plane. The cells were filled with numerous storage materials and small vacuoles and had few cell organelles except for mitochondria. In addition, the activity of acid phosphatase appeared in the cambium of the 6th internode but of the 10th. From the above results, it is clear that the vascular cambium of the 6th internode was active and that of the 10th was dormant. Thus we reached a conclusion that the rhizome of '||'&'||'trychium ternatum has determinate cambium.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1994

Spore morphology of 14 species of Ophioglossaceae is examined, and descriptions and key based on spore morphology are provided. In addition, spores of one species of Angiopteris and three species of Osmunda are examined for comparision with those of Ophioglossaceae. Spore shape at proximal face is sub triangular or triquete in Botrychium and circular in Ophiog~ lossum, Angiopteris and Osmunda. Based on the wall sculpturing patterns, three groups can be recognized within Botrychium, and the differences of wall sculpturing among these groups are smaller as compared to those among Botrychium, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Angiopteris. This result supports the previous infrafamilial system of Clausen, which was mainly based on the characteristics of vernation, habit, fertile and sterile segments of the leaf, and gametophyte. Spores of nine species of Ophioglossum, which are circular in proximal face and fossulate or foveolate in wall sculpturing, are quite uniform as compared to those of Botrychium. Therefore they should be kept under a single genus rather than split into four genera suggested by Nishida (1952).(1952).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the pattern of growth and phenological characteristics of Mankyua chejuense B.-Y. Sun, M.H. Kim & C.H. Kim, which belong to the Ophioglossaceae family. M. chejuense asexually reproduced using rhizomes, and a clone of the species grew up to 52 cm based on root growth and new leaves was produced from rhizomes. The development of leaves were divided into four stages; leaf emergence-separation and growth of leaf-sporophyll maturation-senescence. Most leaves emerged in July and August with high temperatures and precipitation and most leaves reached full expansion during September-October and died during April-May next year. The life span of leave was 10 months, from July to April, and the start of leaf senescence varied depending on the habitat environment and this might result from micro environmental differences among the habitats.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 1993

To elucidate the origin of secondary growth in the rhizome of B. ternaturn, the developmental changes of vascular cambium was observed in ultrastructural features. The vascular cambium was gradually differentiated from procambium as in seed plants, but the cambial activity did not persist very long so that the cambial cells became a dormant state like fossil cryptogams. Dense cytoplasm of procambial cells became progressively sparse during the growth, and the tiny vesicles were fused to form numerous small vacuoles and then a few large vacuoles. These gradual changes and the occurrence of storage materials which was associated with the developmental stages might support the progressive differentiation of the cambial cells. In addition, the cessation of cambial activity could be indicated by the facts that late vascular cambial cells accumulate large lipid bodies and show very small peripheral cytoplasm and unlikely thickened cell wall, compared to other meristematic cells. Therefore. the vascular cambium showed the characteristics of both seed plants and fossil cryptogams from the view point of cambial ontogeny and activity.tivity.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2012

In order to characterize the habitat trait and vegetation structure of M. chejuense(Ophioglssaceae), endangered plant in Korea, we set 12 permanent quadrats in Jocheon-Sunhyul Gotzawal Wetland Region of Jeju Island, and surveyed the temporal pools, vegetation structure and counted the population size of the endemic rare plant. M. chejuense distributed in the vernal pools with a variety of shape, area of 150-$400m^2$, depth of 0.4-2.0m and slope of 3-$10^{\circ}$, at altitude of 88-165m in lowland area in Gotjawal Wetland Region, Jeju Island. The soil has a thin layer and high water content all the seasons. The population appeared with a density range of 1-423/pool in the boundary area of the wetlands under higher tree coverages(80-100%) in the deciduous forest communities. Vegetation wsa classified into five plant communities such as Ulmus parvifolia community, Cudrania tricuspidata community, Rosa multiflora community, Ardisia japonica community, Ophiopogon japonicus community. These results means that M. chejuense potentially has a shortage to evergreen plant succession, litter accumulation and water drainage, thus it is need to sustainable wetland environmental condition in the deciduous forest community for its sounded conservation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.350-359
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• 2010

The distribution of the Mankyua chejuense was restricted to the northeast region of Jeju Island. It grows in the isolated pit crater-like swamp areas of various extent and shape, where the height is lower compared to the adjacent areas, and the adjacent regions contained a evergreen broad-leaved forests, a shrubbery, and a grassland vegetation. It contained 147 taxa of 61 families, 112 genera and 147 species in the habitats. The life form of the flora showed that the habitat of M. chejuense is different from the surrounding others, in particular, the ratio of the Therophytes and the Hydrophytes appeared highly. Preservation of habitat conditions is very important for stable maintenance the flora, and the surrounding area including habitats has to be designated a protection area for habitat preservation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the habitat positional environment and vegetation properties of Mankyua chejuense. The habitats were classified into two types depending on the depth of the habitat, the ratio of rock exposure, the dominant species and the surrounding vegetation, which affected the vegetation of the habitats. The habitats with a high ratio of rock exposure showed a distinctive geographical boundary to the adjacent region and most of them were composed of trees that grow in humid environment. On the contrary, in the soil-rich habitats, the depth was shallow, soil layer was well developed, and the trees were introduced from the adjacent areas. However, the dominant species in the herbaceous layer were aquatic plants, which indicated that the habitats had the properties of wetland. Therefore, it was found that thes habitats of Mankyua chejuense have the properties similar to those of marshland. For the preservation of Mankyua chejuense, it is very important to make the habitats maintain such properties of wetland.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.79-80
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• 2005