• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.79-100
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• 2017

This study provides the insight into the aged employment provision issue for the aged-low growth era. For the purpose, we analyze the national trend of the age demographic and occupational employment in first. And then we investigate the spatial characteristics of employment of the aged in the Seoul Metropolitan area which has the highest elderly population by utilizing location quotient, factor analysis, and K-means cluster analysis. As the result, we found that the spatial distribution patterns of the residence and workplace of the elderly were nearly coincided with each other. Furthermore, five clusters of the aged distribution have been determined according to the industrial-occupational-demographic attributes. The result revealed clear spatial segrmentation: Most of elderly population of the research area have been engaged in the low-level service jobs, while elderly population employed to the educated-knowledged based high-level jobs has been distributed at a few cores. The results could be applied to the practical use for regional employment planning for the aged.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.402-416
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• 2013

This paper investigates both the changing spatial patterns of aging population during 1985 to 2010 and their interrelationship with the residential features of elderly households in 2010. The aging level of a region is classified into three different ones such as aging region (7~14%), aged region (14~20%) and super-aged region (over 20%). Residential features of elderly households are examined by such variables as housing type, housing ownership, and house age. Aging process has started from peripheral regions distanced away from Seoul. There are strong tendency that aging households reside in single unit house owned by oneself over 20 years-old aged houses, which shows more strong patterns toward peripheral regions in SMR.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.359-374
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• 2012

This paper intends to examine spatial patterns and regional variations of aging population in Korea based on census data for 163 areas during 1980~2010. It briefly investigates general characteristics of aging population in Korea from previous studies and clarifies spatial patterns of aging process at regional level with reference of population growth rate at different time periods. Cities in Korea are classified into several stages including aging society, aged society and super-aged society according to the percentages of aging population out of total population every five years. At the regional scale, the stage of aging society was revealed from 1980, while the stage of aged society was shown from 1995 and super-aged society was entered from 2000 in Korea. Eighty cities in the analysis were shown at the stage of super-aged society in 2010. The portions of aging population are highly related to city size and population growth rate. For instance, the cities both in small size and with low population growth rate are revealing high percentage of aging population. As of 2010, most rural areas are staged into super-aged society, while most cities within Seoul metropolitan area and mid-sized cities are kept in the stage of aging society. At regional scale, there are no significant statistical correlations between total fertility rate and aging population.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.464-469
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• 2013

After city of Busan has been entered to the aging society in 2000, the city has the highest aging rate among 7 representative cities in 2011. Moreover, while entire population and number of average household are decreasing, over 65 years old of elderly population is rapidly increasing. So, it is possible to enter the super-aged society, where aging rate would be about 20% after 2020. The purpose of this study is that older housing-related analysis is consisted of dong-unit, and this led microscopic analysis has become necessary. Surveys from 2000 through 2010, census aggregate (output area) unit of spatial analysis was conducted. Take advantages of this, aging population and area, soaring area, high-density areas, such as the region of interest were primary extracted, and microscopic location and spatial distribution patterns were analyzed. Upon analysis, aging population is concentrated in the city and adjacent area, the highlands, and 10 years of increasing rate was more than 30 times in certain aggregate. Regarding the characteristic of these areas, the original city center, Busan, especially concentrated and intensified in aging population. Also, 2000 to 2010, the overall distribution pattern of Busan has identified aging population that is increasingly being distributed. This is the result, which is confronted with previous research result. Entering a super aged-society for the future is accordance with migration of social costs and improve the quality of life of elderly. And this could be the basic information to use the spatial dimension for the corresponding.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2014

Population data are usually provided at administrative spatial units in Korea, so areal interpolation is needed for fine-grained analysis. This study aims to compare various methods of areal interpolation for population subgroups rather than the total population. We estimated the number of elderly people and single-person households for small areal units from Dong data by the different interpolation methods using 2010 census data of Seoul, and compared the estimates to actual values. As a result, the performance of areal interpolation methods varied between the total population and subgroup populations as well as between different population subgroups. It turned out that the method using GWR (geographically weighted regression) and building type data outperformed other methods for the total population and households. However, the OLS regression method using building type data performed better for the elderly population, and the OLS regression method based on land use data was the most effective for single-person households. Based on these results, spatial distribution of the single elderly was represented at small areal units, and we believe that this approach can contribute to effective implementation of urban policies.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.289-309
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• 2023

While South Korea's universal healthcare system has garnered attention in public health, the issue of inequality in healthcare service provision among different age groups has incessantly become a significant concern. The focus of this concern is primarily on essential healthcare services, encompassing fundamental aspects of healthcare such as internal medicine, family medicine, and pediatric and adolescent care. This inequality is not limited to differences among age groups (both junior and senior demographics) but also extends to potential disparities in healthcare services based on geographic location, particularly in urban and rural contexts. This paper aims to investigate disparities in primary healthcare service resources in South Korea's evolving economic landscape between 1995 and 2021. We utilize a set of inequality indices with a spatial perspective through geographic cluster analysis. The findings reveal that concerns about inequality have been amplified during various economic events, including the IMF crisis in 1999, the global financial crisis in 2008, and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. These years are identified as significant phases that have contributed to manifesting spatial disparities in primary healthcare provisions, with a particular emphasis on the senior-aged population rather than junior or all population groups. Our findings underscore the pressing need to address the unequal distribution of essential healthcare resources as part of preparedness for potential economic impacts, requiring a comprehensive consideration of the interconnected nature of demographic and spatial dimensions in healthcare services.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

Urban development and densification have led to the Urban Heat Island Effect, in which the temperature of urban space is higher than the surrounding areas, and the intensity is increasing with climate change. In addition, when the city's air temperature rises in summer, low-income, elderly population, and socially vulnerable people who have health problems lack the ability to cope with the elevated heat environment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the urban heat island area of Seoul through Hotspot analysis, which is a spatial statistics technique, and explored physical environments, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of urban heat island effect areas using logistic regression models. This study performed urban heat island hotspot analysis using the average air temperatures of the 423 administrative dongs in Seoul. Analysis results identified that the urban heat islands were concentrated in Jung-gu, Jongno-gu, Yongsan-gu, and Yeongdeungpo-gu. Logistic regression analysis results indicated that urban heat island areas of Seoul were affected by residential floor area ratio, commercial facility floor area ratio, overall floor area ratio, impervious surface ratio, and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI). In addition, as a result of analyzing the vulnerable area of thermal environment considering the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the heat island area, urban heat island areas of Seoul were significantly associated with the proportion of low-income elderly living alone. The result of this study provided useful insights for urban thermal environmental design and policy development that could improve the thermal environment for the socially disadvantaged urban population.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.401-420
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the changes in the occupational structure of employment in Korea during the last three decades, in which have transformed from industrialized economy to knowledge-based economy very rapidly as well as having experiences of both IMF and financial crisis. For this purpose, we analyze the trends occupational distribution and the socio-demographic characteristics of the occupational structure of employment since 1980. By applying correspondence analysis of Multidimensional Scaling(MDS) methods, we examine the inter-relationships between the employed persons by occupation and their characteristics such as gender, age group, educational attainment, industry, region. We found the occupational structure of Korea has been changed dramatically with the socio-economic transformations during the last four decades. In particular, the occupational (job) structure has been highered in general. However, it has also been dualized extremely into two groups, one is the specialized-skilled-white color jobs and the other is the simple-unskilled-blue color jobs. The results of this study could be utilized as the importation basis for the provision of labour supply and employment policy plan at the national level as well as at the local level.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.507-515
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• 2020

The children's park, which was created uniformly during the industrialization period, is less utilized and is mainly used by the elderly during the day. In addition, sports facilities and rest facilities for the elderly are being installed, damaging the essence of children's parks. The main purpose of this study was to present the creation of a children's park that was appropriate to its essence and the utilization plan for the elderly. In this study, we conduct a survey to identify citizens' perception of children's parks and found that the opinions of children and the elderly were generally different. Children want to change and enjoy various games, while older people want to enjoy various programs while maintaining the status quo. As above, children do not dislike using the park with the elderly, but hope to create a separate park if possible. Meanwhile, the elderly want to renovate the current children's park and continue to use it. Therefore, in the future, some areas of children's parks will be created for the elderly or the entire area will be changed into small parks for the elderly, considering the location characteristics and population distribution of children's parks. In addition, the government should prepare measures for the introduction of programs for the elderly or maintenance using the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.40-53
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• 2013

Most of the existing domestic studies to identify the distribution of longevity population and influencing factors oriented confirmatory approach. Furthermore, most of the studies in this research topic simply have used their own definition of spatial unit of analysis or employed arbitrary spatial units of analysis according to data availability. These research approaches can not sufficiently reflect the spatial characteristic of longevity phenomenon and exposed to the Modifiable Aerial Unit Problem(MAUP). This research performed the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA) to identify the spatial autocorrelation of the distribution of longevity population and investigated whether the modifiable areal unit problem in the aspect of scale effect using spatial population data in Korea. We used Si_Gun_Gu and Eup_Myeon_Dong as two different spatial units of regional longevity indicators measured. Then, we applied Getis-Ord Gi* to investigate the existence of spatial hot spots and cold spots. The results from our analysis show that there exist statistically significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial hot spots and cold spots of regional longevity at both Si_Gun_Gu and Eup_Myeon_Dong levels. This result implies that the modifiable areal unit problem does exist in the studies of spatial patterns of longevity population distribution. The demand for longevity researches would be increased inevitably. In addition, there were apparent differences for the global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial cluster which calculated different spatial units such as Si_Gun_Gu and Eup_Myeon_Dong and this can be seen as scale effect of MAUP. The findings from our analysis show that any study in this topic can mislead results when the modifiable areal unit problem and spatial autocorrelation are not explicitly considered.