• Korean Security Journal
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• no.57
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• pp.177-203
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• 2018

Police Assigned to Special Guard Act was legislated in 1962 to solve issues regarding the protection of various staple industrial installations, and in 2001, the Security Services Industry Act was revised to establish an effective security system for important national facilities. Thereby the Special Guards System was instituted. The current law has two parts, with the Police Assigned to Special Guard System and Special Guards System, and many scholars have actively discussed the appropriateness of the integration of both systems to solve problems caused by a bimodal system. However, in spite of these discussions taking place in the academic world, the idea of unification lost its power when the guarantee of status regulation was established for the police assigned to special guard. Strictly speaking, police assigned to special guard is a self-guard, and a special guard is a contractual guard. So, both of them have pros and cons. Thus, it would be desirable to give a legal, constitutional guarantee for both systems by strengthening each of them and making up for the weakness of each of them rather than trying to unify police assigned to special guard and special guard. To begin this process, we need to revise unreasonable legal provisions of Security Services Industry Act and Police Assigned to Special Guard Act as below. First, since the actual responsibilities of special guards and police assigned to special guard duty are the same, we need to make the facilities which they use equal. Second, legal provisions need to be revised so that a special guard may perform the duties of a police officer, according to the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers, within the facility that needs to be secured in order to prevent any vacancy in the guarding of an important national facility. Third, disqualifications for the special guards need to be revised to be the same as the disqualifications for the police assigned to special guard duty. Fourth, it is reasonable to unify the training institution for special guards and for police assigned to special guard duty, and it should be the training institution for police. On-the-job education for a security guard needs to be altered to more than 4 hours every month just like the one for police assigned to special guard duty. Fifth, for a special guard, it is not right to limit the conditions in their using weapons to 'use of weapon or explosives' only. If one possesses 'dangerous objects such as weapon, deadly weapon, and so on' and resists, a special guard should be able to use their weapon against that person. Thus, this legal provision should be revised. Sixth, penalty, range of fines, and so on for police assigned to special guard duty need to be revised to be the same as the ones for a special guard. If we revise these legal provisions, we can correct the unreasonable parts of Security Services Industry Act and Police Assigned to Special Guard Act without unifying them. Through these revisions, special guards and police assigned to special guard duty may develop the civilian guard industry wholesomely under the law, and the civilians would have a wider range of options to choose from to receive high quality security service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.115-122
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• 2002

There is various points that should be improved in Fairness such as our contract practice to propose construction projects, project managing and the stakeholders' way of thinking and culture. We consider that the revision of construction related provisions and systems is required but even more, an overall change in business management through the implementation of Integrated Construction Information Management System that will enable the owner, which drives the project, and contractor sharing construction information is required. To mange construction related information in an integrated manner, designing information should be smoothly transferred to purchasing information, and changes are required in order to move ahead to process-oriented work system. Finally information created from various construction organizations should be delivered in an aligned and standardized manner as well. The domestic Nuclear Power Plant Construction has been accepting various technology transfers from U.S, France, Canada and UK, which enabled us to self-support technology and recently even proceeded to the phase exporting our technology to others. However, continuous effort is required to improve internal business efficiency and to respond to external environmental change such aselectricity market deregulation. Recently, in accordance with the result in number of CEO's intention to make progress in IT and improve business efficiency, the number of enterprises introducing Enterprise Resource Planning is increasing. ERP is an innovative tool which changes the way of performing work from organization and department orientation to process-orientation in order to optimize the resources, such as human and material resources, through out the Enterprise by performing BPR which will maximize overall business efficiency of the enterprise, such includes not only construction management, but also business management. KHNP continued to performing large scaled construction projects such as nuclear power plant construction for past 30 years and took the initiatives of large scale project management and Quality management ability in domestic industry by having independent capability of over all construction planning, purchasing and, construction and start up management etc. To maintain our leading position of improving construction management technology based on our accumulated project management experience and technology, KHNP included construction into our ERP project in purpose of innovating construction business. We would like to discuss the characteristics of nuclear construction business, project management system, information system infrastructure and information sharing system among construction related entities, and implementation practices for information system, and consider how to resolve our practice that should be improved in this thesis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate animal welfare approved farms in three housing systems (open, windowless, and free-range). The survey was conducted in 25 animal welfare approved farms, and 10 farms were surveyed for distribution status. The main breed in all animal welfare approved farms of laying hens was Hy-Line Brown variety. In the case of open house, laying hens were bred in traditional and panel houses simultaneously; however, the ratio of panel house was 58.3%, which was higher than that of the traditional house. All the windowless houses were made of panels and more than 15,000 laying hens were housed in a single windowless house. In the case of free-range house, it was maintained on a small scale of less than 12,000 birds. Fifty-six percent of the surveyed farms were breeding at $7{\sim}8birds/m^2$. In terms of male and female ratios, most farms maintained 1 male:15 females, but there was a farmhouse that switched 17 or 20 females to 1 male. The daily dietary allowance was 110~170 g, and 32% of the surveyed farms provided feed of more than 150 g/day, which showed that forage feed was important. The age of at the first egg was 123 days, 122 days, and 120 days, and the peak percent was 91.8%, 94.9%, and 86.5% in open, windowless and free-range houses, respectively. The average egg production rate was 74.0%, 84.6%, and 72.7% in open, windowless, and free-range houses respectively, thus, there was no correlation between feed intake and hen-housed eggs. Distribution of welfare certified eggs was mainly a direct deal with the consumer or through contract production. The ratio of direct transactions between large-scale marts and eco-friendly specialty stores of welfare approved eggs was higher than that of conventional eggs. The rate of contract sales of eggs in both the barn and free-range systems was high, and the percentage of courier sales farms was also high. Excluding courier services, price of eggs in the barn system rose to more than 30 won/egg in the second half of 2017 (after AI). Price of eggs in the free-range system rose to more than 50 won/egg in the second half of 2017 (after AI). In the case of courier sales, the same price of 500 won was maintained before and after AI. In conclusion, the results of this study can be used as basic data for improving the animal welfare certification system for laying hens in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.545-570
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• 2015

Korea is among the ten countries with the largest R&D budget and the highest R&D investment-to-GDP ratio, yet the subject of security and protection of R&D results remains relatively unexplored in the country. Countries have implemented in their legal systems measures to properly protect cutting-edge industrial technologies that would adversely affect national security and economy if leaked to other countries. While Korea has a generally stable legal framework as provided in the Regulation on the National R&D Program Management (the "Regulation") and the Act on Industrial Technology Protection, many difficulties follow in practice when determining details on security management and obligations and setting standards in carrying out national R&D projects. This paper proposes to modify and improve security level classification standards in the Regulation. The Regulation provides a dual security level decision-making system for R&D projects: the security level can be determined either by researcher or by the central agency in charge of the project. Unification of such a dual system can avoid unnecessary confusions. To prevent a leakage, it is crucial that research projects be carried out in compliance with their assigned security levels and standards and results be effectively managed. The paper examines from a practitioner's perspective relevant legal provisions on leakage of confidential R&D projects, infringement, injunction, punishment, attempt and conspiracy, dual liability, duty of report to the National Intelligence Service (the "NIS") of security management process and other security issues arising from national R&D projects, and manual drafting in case of a breach. The paper recommends to train security and technological experts such as industrial security experts to properly amend laws on security level classification standards and relevant technological contents. A quarterly policy development committee must also be set up by the NIS in cooperation with relevant organizations. The committee shall provide a project management manual that provides step-by-step guidance for organizations that carry out national R&D projects as a preventive measure against possible leakage. In the short term, the NIS National Industrial Security Center's duties should be expanded to incorporate national R&D projects' security. In the long term, a security task force must be set up to protect, support and manage the projects whose responsibilities should include research, policy development, PR and training of security-related issues. Through these means, a social consensus must be reached on the need for protecting national R&D projects. The most efficient way to implement these measures is to facilitate security training programs and meetings that provide opportunities for communication among industrial security experts and researchers. Furthermore, the Regulation's security provisions must be examined and improved.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2012

Lawsuits related to defects in apartment buildings involve a range of legal issues, based on which the current subjective judgment system has been established. This study aims to organize the judgment system by stage of lawsuit from a legal perspective by reviewing the factors dealt with in precedent research. The main issues at hand include assignment of obligation, the day on which the computation of exclusion period begins and the day on which the defect repair is completed. The rationality of the current subjective judgment system could be determined by reviewing the recent cases. Based on the findings of the review, the following are suggestions for improvements and complements of the system. First, the process of assignment of obligation should be systemized, and the guarantee insurance system that provides a warranty deed should be improved as well. In addition, improvements and systemization should be made to clarify the responsibilities for any defect arising from the agreements that are not stipulated on the contract, computation of abatement rate of compensation and the system by which the responsibility for the defects is completed when residents acquire ownership from rental status.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.625-631
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• 2008

We used the visitation aspect of dabbling ducks(Anas spp.) to investigate the estuarine ecosystem of Nakdong River and to compare the data collected during two periods: trom May, 1989 to April 1993 and from May, 2002 to April 2006. Over for the 8 years of field surveys, 356,110 individuals from 11 species of dabbling ducks(Anas spp.) were observed in the Nakdong estuary. In the early 1990s, the average number of species gradually increased from October through November, whereas the highest numbers of species were recorded in October during the second survey period. The average number of individuals recorded during the second period was 2-3 times higher than that observed in the 1990s. Statistical analysis using a t-test indicated that the number of individuals showed significant difference at 5% level between November and February in both the early 1990s and the mid-2000s. During the winter, dabbling ducks select both estuarine wetlands as resting sites and rice paddy as feeding sites. More wintering migrants including ducks would visit to Nakdong river if we provide with enough rice paddy near the estuary. The farmland around Nakdong estuary is used by dabbling ducks as a habitat, we hope it must be conserved thoroughly. CRP(crop reserve program), implemented by the local government of Kangseo-gu, Busan City is effective in conserving rice paddy; therefore, the CRP program need to be continuously applied in the Nakdong river basin.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.23-35
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• 2017

Since the beginning of 2002, KONEPS(Korea ON-line E-Procurement System) which is known with GePS(Government e-Procurement Service), has become a significant role in Korea public procurement service. This paper focuses on the amendments of the related laws and the practical improvement of inconveniences and inefficiencies in user's' position during the use of KONEPS. We analyzed the case of government procurement by major countries, the detailed process and function of KONEPS, and confirmed the revised procurement laws since the commencement of KONEPS. When a user of KONEPS makes an online purchase at the g2b shopping mall to purchase procurement goods, we analyzed focused on the inconvenience of option selection, user feedback after purchasing, unification of the purchase procedure, compared with general online shopping purchase. This paper suggests practical ways to improve the inconveniences and inefficiencies that arise in the process of procurement and use from KONEPS. It is necessary to study on the construction contracts and the empirical studies based on the questionnaire on the functions of procurement law and research model for the cases used in this study in the future.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

The amount of new apartment construction has been trending upward in 3~4% each year since 11% increase in 2002. Currently, in public apartment construction sites under separate delivery system for construction waste processing, the significant difference between estimated quantity for contract and actual amount frequently causes severe controversy among project participants. Many factors such as poor environmental management, inadequate contractual amount are assumed to influence the above problem, and the requirement to revise existing generation rates, the key criteria applied in estimating the quantities of waste, is increasing. Most of generation rates were established in early 2000's, and have difficulty in reflecting the changes from new materials and technologies accordingly. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the types of construction waste for each trade and the forecast method as preliminary work in order to develop more accurate generation rates for construction waste in new construction. To achieve this purpose, the architectural bills of quantities in ten apartment projects executed during 2010~2013 were collected, and the possible waste types and reasonable material loss ratio for each item from temporary works to owner-supplying material area were defined and compared through the workshops and interviews with the experts and on-site environmental managers. The results of this study will contribute to establishing the categories of construction waste for construction trades and proper generation rates by the indirect estimation method in new apartment construction in the follow-up study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.648-654
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• 2018

Currently, the Defense Agency for Technology and Quality (DTaQ), which is responsible for the quality assurance of military supplies, divides munitions into four categories, in order to conduct its governmental quality assurance activities, including product examination, process review and system audit. However, these 4 categories may differ depending on the related organizations' (e.g. Defense Acquisition Program Administration, munitions manufacturing) military requirements. Therefore, in this study, appropriate classification criteria for munitions are suggested for the sake of the efficient procurement, production and quality assurance of military supplies. We investigated the item classification system of the Public Procurement Service, which is a similar organization to the DTaQ. We also compared the appropriate classification criteria with those of related organizations and identified the current status of munitions classification data according to the current standard. In addition, application samples are presented using the proposed quality assurance classification criteria. Finally, the classification criteria of military supplies proposed in this paper will contribute to improving the efficiency of government quality assurance activities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.455-465
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• 2014

This study focuses on some institutional improvement for revitalization of change in building use of officetel to lifestyle lodging industry. First as analysis method, this study establishes a failure factor for change in building use of officetel to lifestyle lodging industry. Second, analyzes an urgent importance to improve it in aspect of a legal institution or management for revitalizing a change of building use of officetel to lifestyle lodging industry. As a result, a failure factor of change in building use from officetel to lifestyle lodging industry is deducted in 4 articles with 13 detailed index. As a result of AHP, 'existing contractor's 100% agreement condition' is the first place, 'commercial /semi-residential area in zoning' is the second place, 'relative cleanup zone' is the fourth place, 'late changes of building use by a complex licensing procedure' is the fifth place, 'operational risk of consignment' is the sixth place, 'deficiency in publicity of related institution' is the eighth place, 'lack of concept in lifestyle lodging industry of building code' is the ninth place, 'basic constructional condition such as parking lot sewage and fire protection system' is the tenth plce, 'installation of ventilation facility' is the eleventh place, 'installation of bathroom and shower room in each room' is the twelfth place, 'installation of kitchen facility' is the thirteenth place.