• Title/Summary/Keyword: 경작지 추출

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The Diversity and Similarity of Soil Microbial Communities by DNA Cross Hybrization (DNA 교잡에 의한 토양 미생물 군집의 다양성과 유사성)

  • 김유영;송인근;민병례;조홍범;최영길
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.279-284
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    • 1999
  • To investigate soil bacterial diversity according to vegetation types, directly extracted DNA from 5 different soils were cross-hybridized with each other as a probe and target. Pinus densiflora soil was shown the highest value then agricultured soil>naked soil>grass soil>Quercus mongolicas soil in the order of diversity. Cluster analysis by similarity showed that soil microbial communities were categorized into three groups.

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The Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals at Field and Upland Soils (경작지 및 산지토양의 층위별 중금속농도의 분포 특성)

  • Choi, I-Song;Park, Jea-Young;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.406-415
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    • 2002
  • Heavy metal concentrations (Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II)) at field and upland soils were investigated with two extraction methods, 0.1mole L$^{-1}$ HCI extraction and HNO$_3$-HCIO$_4$ digestion, in order to estimate soil pollution and to understand their distribution and accumulation characteristics. Through an application of 0.1mole L$^{-1}$ HCI extraction method, the surface horizons of field soils were found to have higher concentrations of heavy metals (except Pb(II)) than those of upland soil. It was also seen that Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were enriched in surface horizon of field soils, whereas upland soils did not show much difference across depth. When the method of HNO$_3$-HCIO$_4$ digestion was used, upland soils showed higher concentrations than those of other soils, and the distribution of heavy metals did not show much difference between horizons of all soils. From these results, it was recognized that, although total natural contents of heavy metals were the largest in upland soil, surface horizons of field soils became gradually polluted with heavy metals. Especially, Cd(II) is considered as a potential metallic pollutant in field soils because of its weak adsorption strength. Concentrations of heavy metals also seemed to be influenced by their adsorption characteristics. When we computed 0.1HCl$_{ext}$HNCL$_{dig}$ ratios to estimate the adsorption strengths of soil heavy metals, their adsorption strengths decreased on the order of Cu(II) > Zn(II)> Pb(II) > Cd(II). The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in field soil, especially Cd(II),are required more detail study because of its importance of land use and complicated mobilization characteristic.

A Study of Drought Susceptibility on Cropland Using Landsat ETM+ Imagery (Landsat ETM+ 영상을 활용한 경작지역내 가뭄민감도의 연구)

  • 박은주;성정창;황철수
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2003
  • This research investigated the 2001 spring drought on croplands in South Korea using satellite imagery. South Korea has suffered from spring droughts almost every year. Meteorological indices have been used for monitoring droughts, however they don't tell the local severity of drought. Therefore, this research aimed at detecting the local, spatial pattern of drought severity at a cropland level. This research analyzed the agricultural drought using the wetness of remotely sensed pixels that affects the growth of early crops significantly in the spring. This research, specifically, analyzed the spatial distribution and severity of drought using the tasseled cap transformation and topographical factors. The wetness index from the tasseled cap transformation of Landsat 7 ETM/sub +/ imagery was very useful for detecting the 2001 spring drought susceptibility in agricultural croplands. Especially, the wetness values smaller than -0.2 were identified as the croplands that were suffering from serious water deficit. Using the water deficit pixels, drought severity was modeled finally.

PCR-DGGE Analysis of the Fungal Community of Red-pepper Fields Utilizing Eco-friendly Farming Methods (PCR-DGGE를 이용한 친환경 농법 적용 고추경작지 내 진균의 군집 다양성 분석)

  • Jung, Byung-Kwon;Kim, Gwang-Seop;Song, Jin-Ha;Kim, Sang-Dal
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.292-299
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    • 2013
  • In this study, we analyzed the changes in fungal populations of red-pepper fields employing eco-friendly farming methods, such as microbial agents and crop rotation, by using polymerase chain reactions coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Primer specific for fungi were used to determine the contribution of domains to the microbial community. Analysis of planted and non-planted soil samples applying PCR-DGGE technology offered evaluation of long-term patterns in fungal species richness. To evaluate the stability of DGGE patterns from different soils, comparison of planted and non-planted soil samples were compared using PCR-DGGE. The number of DNA fragments obtained from all planted soil samples by DGGE separation was far greater (14 to 15 bands) than that of the non-planted soil samples (3 to 4 bands). In addition, 14 bands were observed from crop continuation soil treated with agrochemicals and 18 bands from crop rotation soil treated with microbial agents. The PCR-DGGE analysis suggests that the use of crop rotation and microbial agents benefits the fungal community more than crop continuation using agrochemicals. These results indicate that crop rotation with microbial agents was better able to support beneficial organisms, enable more effective biological control and maintain a healthier balance of nutrients, organic matter and microorganisms.

Comparison of Steam Distillation with Solvent Extraction Method in Determining Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Soil (토양중(土壤中) 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 살충제의 용매추출법(溶媒抽出法)과 수증기증류법(水蒸氣蒸溜法)의 비교(比較))

  • Shim, Jae-Han;Suh, Young-Tack;Park, Ro-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.73-77
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    • 1983
  • Principle of steam distillation has been successfully applied to the routine extraction of organochlorine pesticide residues from soil samples. Recovery of 8 organochlorine insecticides was found consistent and also comparable to that of conventional solvent extraction method. Recoveries of ${\alpha}-BHC$ and heptachlor was, however, rather poor at 47 and 45% respectively. The steam distillation method offers added advantages such as economy in time and costly solvents.

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An Analysis for Urban Change for the Land Cover Class of Satellite Images (위성영상의 토지피복분류에 의한 도시 변화량 분석)

  • Hwang Eui-Jin;Shin Ke-Jong;Lee Gang-Il;Choi Seok-Keun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.175-180
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 연구대상지의 위성영상을 이용하여 물, 산림, 인공구조물, 나대지, 경작지, 초지의 6항목으로 토지피복 분류를 수행하였으며, 인공위성 영상에 나타난 시계열적인 도시피복의 변화 현상을 파악하였다. 이러한 각각의 결과를 통하여 종합적인 도시지역 내의 공간현상을 파악하고자 하였고, 시간의 경과에 따라 각각의 항목별 변화에 대한 통계량을 추출하기 위해 GIS의 GRID 연산을 수행하여 도시 내 공간적인 변화를 분석하였다. 연도별 위성영상을 분석한 결과 체계적인 도심의 모습으로 발전시키는데 중요한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있고, 도시계획 수립 및 개발을 위한 의사결정 자료로 이용할 수 있으며, 도시의 향후 발전 형태를 예측하고 과거자료들을 분석하여 주요지역에 필요한 제반시설물들의 위치를 결정하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

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Construction of Agricultural GIS for Realizing Precision Farming (정밀농업 구현을 위한 농업용 GIS 구축)

  • 조성인;장영창;여운영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2002.02a
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    • pp.507-513
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구에서는 정밀농업 구현을 위해 필수 불가결의 요소인 데이터베이스 구축의 필요성에 착안하여 공간 및 속성 데이터 구축 알고리즘의 설계와 데이터베이스를 구성하는 테이블의 스키마 설계를 통해 공간 및 비공간 데이터를 구축하고 구축된 데이터베이스와의 통신을 통해 농작업 기계의 위치에 따른 토양 속성값을 추출해 내는 과정을 보임으로써 의사결정 지원시스템으로서의 기능을 시뮬레이션을 통해 제시하였다. 연구에 사용된 공간 및 비공간 데이터 구축에 있어서의 수작업은 작업자로 하여금 노동 소모적인 작업을 요구하므로 차후의 연구에 있어 보다 자동화되고 개선된 알고리즘의 개발이 요구된다. 또한 구축되어야 하는 경작지의 규모가 커지고 비공간 데이터의 양이 많아지게 되면 데이터베이스내의 검색 성능 향상에 대한 고찰 또한 병행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

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Effect of Land Use on Urban Thermal Environments in Incheon, Korea (인천시에서 토지이용이 도시 열 환경에 미치는 영향)

  • Kong, Hak-Yang;Kim, Seog Hyun;Cho, Hyungjin
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.315-321
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    • 2016
  • To identify the relationship between land use and thermal environment in an urban area, the air temperature was measured at different places of land use, and the changes of land use and air temperature were traced for 40 years in Incheon City. The relationship between land use and temperature was also investigated using satellite image data. The results of temperature measurements on a forest, a cropland (rice paddy), a bareland (school ground), and an urban area (asphalt road) from 19 to 21 August 2014 showed that air temperature was the highest on a pavement road. The temperature increased by about $1.4^{\circ}C$ ($0.035^{\circ}C/year$) for 40 years from 1975 to 2014 in Incheon. The changes in land use patterns of Incheon for the past 40 years showed that urban dry land, bareland and grassland have increased and cultivated land, wetland and forest land have decreased gradually. The land surface temperature (LST) was correlated with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) extracted from Landsat satellite image. The land surface temperature was lower at higher NDVI, and higher at higher NDBI. Therefore, it is important to conserve and restore the land use of greenery, wetlands, and agricultural land in order to mitigate the heat island effect and improve the thermal environment in an urban area.

The Alterations of Geochemical Behavior of Arsenic in Stabilized Soil by the Addition of Phosphate Fertilizer (인산질 비료에 의한 안정화 적용 토양 내 비소의 지구화학적 거동 변화)

  • Jeon, Yong-Jung;Kim, Bun-Jun;Ko, Ju-In;Ko, Myoung-Soo
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.209-217
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study was to confirm the dissolution of arsenic from the stabilized soil around abandoned coal mines by cultivation activities. Experimental soils were collected from the agricultural field around Okdong and Buguk coal mines, and the concentration of arsenic in the soil and the geochemical mobility were confirmed. The average arsenic concentration was 20 mg/kg. The soil with relatively high geochemical mobility of arsenic in the soil was used in the batch and column experiment. The limestone was mixed with soil for soil stabilization, and the mixing ratio was 3% of limestone, based on the soil weight. The phosphoric acid fertilizer (NH4H2PO4) was added to the soil to simulate a cultivation condition according to the Rural Development Administration's rules. Comparative soil without mixing limestone was prepared and used as a control group. The arsenic extraction from soil was increased following the fertilizer mixing amount and it shows a positive relationship. The concentration of phosphate in the supernatant was relatively low under the condition of mixing limestone, which is determined to be result of binding precipitation of phosphate ions and calcium ions dissolved in limestone. Columns were set to mix phosphoric acid fertilizers and limestone corresponding to cultivation and stabilization conditions, and then the column test was conducted. The variations of arsenic extraction from the soil indicated that the stabilization was effectible until 10 P.V.; however, the stabilization effect of limestone decreased with time. Moreover, the geochemical mobility of arsenic has transformed by increasing the mobile fractions in soil compared to initial soil. Therefore, based on the arsenic extraction results, the cultivation activities using phosphoric fertilizer could induce a decrease in the stabilization effect.

Long-Term Sludge Application on Extractable Contents of Copper in Soils (Sludge 를 장기처리(長期處理)한 토양중(土壤中)에서 추출물질종류(抽出物質種類)에 따른 Cu 의 함량(含量))

  • Kim, Seong-Jo;Baek, Seung-Hwa;Han, Goang-Lae
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 1989
  • An experiment on movements of copper in soils was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several soil extractants in predicting to be possibly the plant availability of copper in soils. Soil samples were taken six, from Las Virgines loam that the samples naturally included high contents of heavy metals near Los Angeles, Greenfield sandy loam and IDomino Loam that received 22.5, and $45.0mg.\;ha^{-1},\;yr^{-1}$ of composted sludge from Los Angeles from 1975 to 1983, respectively. Copper in soils were extracted with $4M\;HNO_3$, 0.1M HCl, 0.5M DTPA-0.1M TEA, 0.5M EDTA-0.1M $Ca(NO_3)_2$, and 1M ammonium acetate(pH 7), and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results were as follows: 1. The total copper contents in soil that received $45.0mg.\;ha^{-1},\;yr^{-1}$ of composted sludge were higher than that received $22.5mg.\;ha^{-1}.yr^{-1}$, regardless of soil samples. 2. The ratios of extractable copper contents with EDTA, DTPA, 0.1M HCl and 1M ammonium acetate to total copper contents extracted with 4M $HNO_3$ of long-term sludge applications were larger than those of natural, sludge-nontreated soils. 3. Statistically significant increase in total copper contents was found in the increasing values of multipling CEC, or OM% by R, ratio of extractable copper contents to those by 4M $HNO_3$ extraction as total copper contents in soils.

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