• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.503-518
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• 2000

분수계는 지형적 실체이며, 지역의 지형 연구 분야에서 자연적 경계로서 설정된다. 분수계는 수계, 산계, 유역등의 지형 요소들과 연관된다. 분수계의 지형 형성과 기능은 경사의 법칙, 구조의 법칙, 그리고 계층의 법칙으로 설명될 수 있다. 분수계는 구조적 형성과정과 기후적 삭박과정을 통하여 변화한다. 지형분수계는 능선분수계, 하천 분수계, 폐쇄 분수계, 세탈 분수계, 문턱 분수계, 세포형 분수계 등으로 유형화 될 수 있다. 지하수 분수계는 대개 지형의 기복을 반영하지만, 지역의 지질구조, 암서, 파쇄대 등으로 인하여 지형 분수계와 일치하지 않을 수 있다. 분수계의 법칙의 예외로서 설명되는 분수계의 일반적 단면은 선형이 아닌 대상 혹은 지대로서 나타난다. 분수계를 물의 흐름을 분리하는 곳으로 볼 때, 지형분수계는 지표면의 고도에 의해서 결정되며, 지하수 분수계는 지형, 지질 구조, 선구 조적 지형 요소들의 배열, 지층의 방향을 고려하여 결정된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

We have studied electrode-optic characteristics of in-plane switching (IPS) of liquid crystal director driven by an oblique electric field. Because the conventional IPS mode does not have an electrode on top substrate, it shows not only slow response time due to weak electric field but also slow discharging problem when electrostatic field is generated after fabricating the cell. To solve these problems, we have formed additional electrode including dielectric layer in the inner part of the cell on top substrate and studied electrode-optic characteristics of the new device.

• Proceedings of the KSEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.193-200
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• 2002

울산광역시 울주군 삼남면 가천리와 상천리 일원에 발달하는 양산단층대 중남부의 발달특성과 제4기단층을 기재한다. 이 지역에는 중생대 백악기의 퇴적암과 화강암의 경계부 근처에 양산단층대의 주단층대와 부단층대로 확인되는 대규모의 단층파쇄대가 북북동-서남서 내지 남-북의 주향에 거의 수직으로 발달하고 있다. 단층조선은 수평에 가까우며 단층대내의 구조에 의하면, 주로 우향의 주향이동운동이 우세하다. 한편, 상천리와 가천리에는 이들 기반암과 제4기의 하성 사력층의 경계부 부근에서 제4기단층이 2조 발달하고 있다. 이들은 가천 제1단층과 가천 제2단층으로 기존의 양산단층대 일부가 제4기에 재활동한 것으로, 북북동 방향의 주향에 동측으로 고각의 경사를 보인다 단층조선은 거의 수평이며, 제4기 역들이 단층끌림에 의해 배열된 상태나 단층엽리내의 구조에 의하면 우향의 주향이동성운동이 우세하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2005

We have studied electrode-optic characteristics of IPS (in-plane switching) mode with electrode on top substrate. Because the IPS mode does not have electrode on top substrate. it shows not only slow response time due to weak electric field but also slow discharging problem when electrostatic field is generated after fabricating the cell. To solve these problems. we have formed additional electrode including dielectric layer in the inner part of the cell and studied electrode-optic characteristics of new IPS cell by changing thickness of dielectric layer.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.244-244
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• 1997

The Janggunbong area(this study area) at the central-south part in the North Sobaegsan Massif, Korea, consists mainly of Precambrian(Wonnam and Yulri Formations)-Paleozoic [Joseon Supergroup(Jangsan Quarzite, Dueumri Formation and Janggum Limestone) and Pyeongan Group(Jaesan and Dongsugok Formations)] metasedimentary rocks and Mesozoic granitoid(Chunyang granite.) This study is to interpret geological structure of the North Sobaegsan Massif in the Jang-gunbong area by analysing rock-structure and microstructure of the constituent rocks. It indicates that its geological structure was formed at least by four phases of deformation after the formation of gneissosity(S0) in the Wonnam Formation and bedding plane(S0) in the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks. The first phase deformation(D1) formed tight isoclinal fold(F1). Its axial plane(S1) strikes east-west and steeply dips north. Its axis (L1) subhorizontally plunges east-west. The second phase deformation(D2), which was related to ductile shear deformation, formed stretching lineation(L2) and shear foliation(S2). The sense of the shear movement indicates dextral strike-slip shearing(top-to-the east shearing). The third phase deformation(D3) formed open inclined fold(F3). Its axial plane(S3) strikes east-west and moderately or gently dips north. Its axis(L3) subhorizontally plunges east-west. The F3 fold reoriented the original north-dipping S1 foliation and D2 shear sense into south-dipping S1 foliation(top-to-the west shear sense on this foliation) at its a limb. The four phase of deformation(D4) formed asymmetric-type open inclined fold(F4) of NE-vergence with NW striking axial plane(S4) and NW-NNW plunging axis(L4). The F4 fold partly reoriented pre-D4 structural elements with east-west trend into those with north-south trend. Such reorientation is recognized mainly in the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.224-259
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• 1997

The Janggunbong area(this study area) at the central-south part in the North Sobaegsan Massif, Korea, consists mainly of Precambrian(Wonnam and Yulri Formations)-Paleozoic [Joseon Supergroupuangsan Quarzite, Dueumri Formation and Janggun Limestone) and Pyeongan Group (Jaesan and Dongsugok Formations)l metasedimentary rocks and Mesozoic granitoid(Chunyang granite). This study is to interpret geological structure of the North Sobaegsan Massif in the Janggunbong area by analysing rock-structure and microstructure of the constituent rocks. It indicates that its geological structure was formed at least by four phases of deformation after the formation of gneissosity(S0) in the Wonnam Formation and bedding plane(S0) in the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks. The first phase deformation(D1) formed tight isoclinal fold(F1). Its axial plane(S1) strikes east-west and steeply dips north. Its axis(L1) subhorizontally plunges east-west. The second phase deformation(D2), which was related to ductile shear deformation, formed stretching lineation(L2) and shear foliation(S2). The sense of the shear movement indicates dextral strike-slip shearing(topto-the east shearing). The third phase deformation(D3) formed open inclined fold(F3). Its axial plane(S3) strikes east-west and moderately or gently dips north. Its axis(L3) subhorizontally plunges east-west. The F3 fold reoriented the original north-dipping S1 foliation and D2 shear sense into south-dipping S1 foliation(top-to-the west shear sense on this foliation) at its a limb. The four phase of deformation(D4) formed asymmetric-type open inclined fold(F4) of NE-vergence with NW striking axial plane(%) and NW-NNW plunging axis(L4). The F4 fold partly reoriented pre-D4 structural elements with east-west trend into those with north-south trend. Such reorientaion is recognized mainly in the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2017

A beam splice method using inclined end-plates and high-strength tension bolts was developed. The end-plates welded to a bracket and a spliced beam are connected each other by using the tension bolts. In the present study, six exterior beam-to-column moment connections were tested under cyclic loading. Test parameters were the end-plate details and bolt arrangements. All specimens were designed so that moment resistances of the end-plates and bolts were greater than the required moment at the beam splice, in accordance with the design methods of AISC Design Guide 4. Test results showed that in the beam splices with the extended end-plates, the beam moment successfully transferred to the bracket, without any defeats such as excessive prying action of the end plates and brittle failure at the end plate-to-beam flange weld joints. However, the deformation capacities of the overall beam-to-column connections were limited due to the brittle failure of the beam-to-column flange weld joints. From the test results, recommendations for seismic design and detailing of the beam-to-column moment connection with inclined end-plate beam splice were given.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.175-183
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the compensatory adaptation of dentoalveolar structure according to the various skeletal relation through the statistical correlation between the anteroposterior, vertical skeletal and dentoalveolar relation. For this study, the sample were consisted of 101 adult subjects (51male and 50 female, mean age; male 23.6 years, female 21.5 years) who had good occlusion with the range of normal overjet and overbite and acceptable Angle's class I molar relationship which had not been related orthodontically The results were as follows : 1. Even though acceptable normal occlusion, the range of measurements which represent anteroposterior, vertical skeletal relation and dentoalveolar relation were very wide. 2. Upper and lower incisor axis were significantly correlated with anteroposterior skeletal relation, which means the mote lingual inclination of upper anterior teeth and the more labial inclination of lower anterior teeth according to the more anterior position of mandible to the maxilla (P<0.01). 3. Upper and 1ower anterior alveolar bone height was statistically correlated with the lower anterior vertical skeletal height. 4. Upper and 1ower alveolar bone height were not correlated with anteroposterior skeletal relation (P>0.05). 5. The correlation between the incisor axis and vertical skeletal was more closely related in upper anterior teeth than the lower anterior teeth. To summarize the above results, even though acceptable normal occlusion, skeletal and dentoalveolar relation was very widely ranged, and there were close relationship between the anteroposterior skeletal relation and the inclination of upper and lower anterior teeth and between the vertical skeletal relation and upper and lower anterior alveolar bone height. These finding can be concluded as compensatory adaptation to the different skeletal relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.87-98
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• 2004

In this study reinforcing effect of soil nailed-drilled shafts subjected to axial and lateral loads was evaluated. Special attention was given to the reinforcing effects of soil nails placed from the drilled shafts to surrounding weathered- and soft-rocks based on model tests, numerical analyses and field tests. The model tests and numerical analyses are conducted to analyze the reinforcing effect of various conditions of number, inclination, position and length. The results of 1/40 scale model tests and numerical analyses show that as the number of reinforcing level increases, the incremental effect of reinforcement tends to increase, whereas the reinforcing effect on relative position is negligible. In addition there is a reinforcing effect as the inclination angle increase up to 30 degrees. Based on the results of tensile load tests, soil nailed-drilled shaft has a considerably smaller settlement to reach the ultimate level compared with the result of un-reinforced drilled shafts. For compression tests, there is a reinforcing effect of about 200% measured.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.5-16
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• 2018

In this study, the large scale laboratory model tests were executed to investigate the lateral resistance characteristics of $2{\times}2$ group pile under lateral loads according to the array method and installation angle of piles. The effect on the behavior of $2{\times}2$ group pile was also investigated through model tests varying the pile diameter and length, distance to pile top from the ground surface, center-to-center (CTC) length and surcharge etc. From these test results, it was found that the lateral resistance of $2{\times}2$ group pile of which piles were constructed slantly in both directions was greater than that of group pile of which piles were constructed vertically. And as a result of parameter tests on the lateral resistance of $2{\times}2$ group pile, it was found that the most important parameter was the pile length. As the embedment depth ratio (L/D) increased to 36.5 from 26.5, the lateral resistance increased 3~4 times or more. But the center-to-center (CTC) length, distance to pile top from the ground surface and surcharge did not affect much on the lateral resistance of group pile.