• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2010

Background: A composite valve graft replacement has been used for a variety of aortic root diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term results of this technique. Material and Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis of aortic root composite valve graft replacements in 39 patients and these procedures were done at our institution between 1992 and 2009. The mean age of the patients was $49.2{\pm}16.4$ years. The mean follow-up was $64.2{\pm}53.4$ months (maximum: 176 months). Result: There were 4 hospital deaths (8.6%) due to emergency aortic dissection and 4 late deaths owing to several causes. The causes of late death were 2 ruptures of a remnant aneurysm, 1 subdural hemorrhage and 1 paravalvular leakage. The calculated survival rate was 93.5%, 85.0% and 85.0% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. There were 3 cerebrovascular accidents during the follow up period. The rate of freedom from cerebrovascular accidents was 97.0%, 92.0% and 80.0% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. All of these brain accidents were hemorrhage-related complications. Conclusion: A composite valve graft replacement of the aortic root was associated with favorable results. So, this technique seems to be a good method to treat various aortic root diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2006

Four dogs with neurologic dysfunction resulted from intracranial hemorrhage by head trauma were referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. There were no remarkable findings in survey radiography in four cases. CT and MRI scans were diagnostic in these cases. Three dogs underwent CT scanning. On CT images, the lesion was hyperdense and was not enhanced after intravenous contrast administration in dog 1 and dog 2. On CT of dog 4, there was no significant finding. All of four dogs were verified by dorsal, sagittal, and transverse T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) images. Appearance of the lesions in dog 1 and dog 2 was isointense (dog 2) or isointense with hyperintense rim (dog 1) on T1W images and hyperintense on T2W images. In dog 3 and dog 4, there were hypointense and hyperintense lesions on T1Wand T2W images respectively. The lesions in four dogs were located in the left intracerebral region, intracerebral and cerebellovestibular region, subdural space, and right cerebral hemisphere, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2005

In order to obtain a highly purified p-dioxanone (PDX) as monomer of biodegradable polymer, suitable solvent must be selected. The selection was based on the solubility of impurities, and partial layer melt crystallization were carried out under the presence of solvent. The solubility of PDX in various solvents such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol) were measured over the temperature range of $-10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$. As solubility parameters, the mixing and dissolution enthalpy between the PDX and the solvents was studied based on empirical equations and the regular solution theory. The solubility and the temperature dependency of the solubility with the solvents of acetone, ethylacetate, and tetrahydrofuran of PDX were shown to have relatively high values compared to the alcohol type solvents. Also, in same alcohols, the smaller molecules and higher polarity gave higher solvency. In partial layer melt crystallization, small amount of ethylacetate selectively dissolved impurities and gave highly purified p-dioxanone, over 99.9% purity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate whether nociceptin contributes to the alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation following postnatal exposure to ethanol in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals received ethanol twice a day, 2 hr apart, on postnatal 6, 7 and 8 days. The changes in regional CBF (rCBF) in response to the changes in mean arterial blood pressure were determined at 4-, 8-, and 12-week of age by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Hypotension was induced by the gradual withdrawal of blood from arterial catheter, and the reversal of blood pressure was produced by the reinfusion of blood. Expression of nociceptin-like immunoreactivity was determined in dura mater and cerebral cortex using immunohistochemistry. Postnatal exposure to ethanol almost abolished the autoregulation of rCBF in all age groups. Pretreatment with nociceptin but not with [$Nphe^1$]nociceptin(1-13)$NH_2$, a selective competitive nociceptin receptor antagonist, 5 min prior to ethanol administration preserved the autoregulation of rCBF in all age groups. Postnatal exposure to ethanol markedly increased the expressions of nociceptin-like immunoreactivity in the dura mater and cerebral cortex, both of which were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with 7-nitroindazole monosodium salt as well as aminoguanidine 5 min prior to ethanol administration in all age groups. The values of arterial blood gas analysis were not significantly different from the basal levels in all groups. These results suggest that nociceptin deeply contributes to the compensatory mechanisms for the nitric oxide-dependent alterations in CBF autoregulation following postnatal exposure to ethanol.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patients hospitalized with damage by injury code based on data for two years in 2020 and 2021 of A institution located in Gangneung, Gangwon-do. Analyzed the injury codes with a large number of occurrences per year, and analyzed the injury codes of external causes accordingly. The cause of the injury code was analyzed by analyzing the frequency of the injury code of external causes. Injury code S0650 had the highest frequency of injury code of external causes W189 and X5999, which was judged to be the cause of traumatic subdural hemorrhage without open intracranial wounds when falling in an unspecified place or toilet. Injury code S72120 had the highest frequency of injury code of external causes W010 and W180, and it was judged to be the cause of obstructive femoral intertrochanteric fracture that occurs when falling in the residence. The injury code S32090 had a high frequency of X5999, and it was analyzed that it caused the obstructive fracture of the lumbar region due to an accident caused by exposure in an unspecified place, and the injury code S72.090 had a high frequency of W010 and W180. It was confirmed that the cause of the obstructive fracture of the femoral neck was mainly caused by slipping or slipping in the residence, and the injury code S0220 had a high frequency of the injury code of external causes Y049, and it was confirmed that the fibula was fractured mainly by the force or fist. As such, the cause of the injury code was analyzed by analyzing the frequency of the injury code for each injury code of external causes.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2023

Purpose: This non-randomized study was performed to evaluate the effects of music therapy on labor pain, the childbirth experience, and self-esteem in women during vaginal delivery. Methods: In total, 136 primiparous women over 37 weeks of gestation receiving epidural analgesia during vaginal delivery were recruited via convenience sampling. To minimize diffusion effects, data from the control group (n=71) were collected first (April 2020 to March 2021), followed by data from the music group (n=65; April 2021 to May 2022). Participants in the music group listened to classical music during labor, while the control group was offered usual care (no music). Labor pain was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS), and self-esteem and childbirth experience were collected using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, chi-square test and Cronbach's α coefficients. Results: The overall pain level (NRS) at baseline was 0 in both groups. Mothers in the music therapy group had lower levels of latent pain (t=1.95, p=.005), active pain (t=3.69, p<.001) and transition-phase pain (t=7.07, p<.001) than the control group. A significant difference was observed between the two groups, and the music therapy group expressed more positive perceptions of the childbirth experience (t=-1.36, p=.018). For self-esteem, the experimental group's score was slightly higher, but without a statistically significant difference from the control group. Conclusion: Using music therapy during labor decreased labor pain and improved the childbirth experience. Music therapy can be clinically recommended as a non-pharmacological, safe, and easy method for nursing care in labor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1613-1618
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• 2021

Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and primary T-cell lymphoma of the cauda equina is extremely rare. We describe a case involving a 56-year-old female who presented with low back pain and radiating leg pain for 4 months. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed an elongated, multinodular intradural lesion of approximately 10 cm from the L4 body to the S2 body level with iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging, heterogeneous iso- and high-signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging, and a heterogeneous intense enhancement on gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. A peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the cauda equina was diagnosed on the basis of immunohistochemical and T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement analysis after intradural biopsy of the mass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.3-23
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• 2024

Intervertebral disc herniation is frequently encountered in radiological practice. Sequestered disc herniation occurs when the disc material undergoes degeneration and completely loses continuity with the parent nucleus pulposus. Sequestered discs can reside within and outside the spinal canal, exerting a mass effect on adjacent structures, compressing nerve pathways, and eliciting a range of clinical symptoms. In particular, sequestered discs within the dura cannot be identified without durotomy. Therefore, precise preoperative localization is crucial for surgical planning. On MRI, the signal intensity of the sequestered disc may vary due to independent degeneration processes. Additionally, most sequestered disc fragments show varying degrees of peripheral enhancement depending on the degree of angiogenesis and granulation around the isolated tissue. In this article, we review various imaging findings and the location of the sequestered disc to provide patients with an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment direction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.878-881
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• 2007

Pneumocephalus after thoracoscopic excision of a mediastinal mass is a very rare complication. It presumably occurs due to dural injury near the spinal root and development of a subsequent subarachnoid-pleural fistula. A 60-year-old woman complained of nausea and headache after thoracoscopic excision of a posterior mediastinal mass. She was diagnosed with pneumocephalus by brain CT and recovered with supportive management.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.274-279
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• 2000

A 35-year-old female patient who had been paraplegic since her upper thoracic cord injury one and a half years before was presented with a syringomyelia involving C7 to T2 cord segments on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Her pain on the chest and bilateral axilla worsened since about 2 years after initial injury, and MRI demonstrated a progressively enlarging cystic syrinx cavity of the cervicothoracic cord. The posttraumatic syringomyelia was managed operatively by lysis of the arachnoid adhesions, myelotomy, and expansile duraplasty. Post-operatively her pain was relieved, and MRI showed decrease in size of the syrinx, and digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) showed diminution of the hyperthermic area on the anterior chest. In conclusion, the posttraumatic syringomyelia can be managed successfully without shunt operation. It seems apparent that expansile duraplasty is effective in controlling the posttraumatic syrinx.