• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2007

Objetives : Identification of target genes for ethanol in neurons is important for understanding its molecular and cellular mechanism of action and the neuropathological changes seen in alcoholics. The purpose of this study is to identify of altered gene expression after acute treatmet of ethanol in rat gliom cells. Methods : We used high density cDNA microarray chip to measure the expression patterns of multiple genes in cultured rat glioma cells. DNA microarrays allow for the simultaneous measurement of the expression of several hundreds of genes. Results : After comparing hybridized signals between control and ethanol treated groups, we found that treatment with ethanol increased the expression of 15 genes and decreased the expression of 12 genes. Upregulated genes included Orthodenticle(Drosophila) homolog 1, procollagen type II, adenosine A2a receptor, GATA bindning protein 2. Downregulated genes included diacylglycerol kinase beta, PRKC, Protein phosphatase 1, clathrin-associated protein 17, nucleoporin p58, proteasome. Conclusion : The gene changes noted were those related to the regulation of transcription, signal transduction, second messenger systems. modulation of ischemic brain injury, and neurodengeneration. Although some of the genes were previously known to be ethanol responsive, we have for the most part identified novel genes involved in the brain response to ethanol.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.444-453
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• 2005

Sometimes the dentists encounter a child who can not be treated with traditional behavior management techniques (for example, reward, restraint, Tell-Show-Do, familialization). In such a case, the dentists use sedation technique. Recently, in Korea, the use of sedation by pediatric dentists is increased. But, the guideline and survey of sedation is very insufficient. Now, we need a survey of sedation practice in Korea. We carried out research on the actual condition about sedation with a questionaire to pediatric dentists in Korea. Followings are the conclusions 1. Sixty six percent of pediatric dentists use sedative agents in their practice. In this study, using sedation shows an increase as compared with the past. 2. Determinative factors of using sedation were orderly behavior management, number of visiting, guidian's opinion, amount of treatment, general condition. 3. Distribution of ages in patients sedated with agents was orderly 3 years, 4-5 years, under 2 years, 6-10 years, more than 10 years. 4. Particular sedative drugs were chloral hydrate 60-70mg/kg, hydroxyzine 10-40mg/kg(25mg/kg), and oral route was the most favorable route. 5. Observation of skin and nail color, pulse oximeter were the most frequently utillized monitoring method during sedation. 6. Only fifty six percent of pediatric dentists complete the cardiopulmonary resuscitation course.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to show the empirical extraction way of benchmarking ports for overcoming the shortcoming which the traditional DEA method has by using 20 Korean ports in 2003 for 2 inputs (birthing capacity, cargo handling capacity) and 2 outputs(Export and Import Quantity, Number of Ship Calls). Because DEA method has produced the limited set of efficient units which are reference to inefficient units respective of their differences in efficiency scores, it is necessary to adopt the more feasible benchmarking information according to the path analysis(tier or stratification). The core empirical results of this paper are as follows. Benchmarking ports against inefficient ports according to the tier analysis are that Masan Port(Janghang$\rightarrow$Jeju$\rightarrow$Seogoipo$\rightarrow$Yeosu), Jinhae Port(Janghang$\rightarrow$Mogpo$\rightarrow$Seogoipo$\rightarrow$Wando), Pohang&DonghaePort(Janghang$\rightarrow$Samcheonpo$\rightarrow$Pyungtag$\rightarrow$Samcheog), and Sogcho Port(Janghang$\rightarrow$Mogpo$\rightarrow$Seogoipo$\rightarrow$Wando). The policy implication to the Korean seaports and planners is that Korean seaports should introduce the new methods like Tier analysis of this paper for evaluating the port performance and enhancing the efficiency in short term, mid term, and long term according to the tier 3 stage, the tier 2 stage, and the tier 1 stage with original DEA stage.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.181-198
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• 1997

Going beyond the previous formulations of development theories, the present paper explores the effects other than political economy on quality of life in a rapidly developing country. The major analysis takes up the historical trend and nature of the developmental transformation that is partially a consequences of state structures and partially autonomous form it in South Korea. Also, it diagnoses developmental pathways for the future track by constructing a baseline model for state transition on the basis of power game between the state and civil society in the country. The results of the historical analysis show that civil society has been transformed in the course of confrontations and interactions between the state and nationalist social movement. The distinction between developmental(or bureaucratic authoritarian) and democratic state is presented to show that these are two qualitatively different aspects of state of state power, requiring separate analytical treatment. Furthermore, the state-centric approach which emphasizes the active role of the state at the sacrifice of societal fabric-constraining social conditions for quality of life - appears to be modified. On the contrary, the impact of civil society is transmitted both directly and indirectly via labor and ecological movement for quality of life, which is critical to the formation of the welfare state in the country. The prospect for sustainable development in Korea lies in providng and expanding quality of life in terms of the financial feasibility of the state through the public-private cooperation, and abstaining from drastic and radical commitment to welfare services as is the case with the European declines in welfare state, Further studies are needed to examine the interrelationships in different historical and cultural settings of developing counties to estimate a theory of quality of life and social justice.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.70-86
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• 1987

Going beyond the previous formulations of development theories, the present paper explores the effects other than political economy on quality of life in a rapidly developing country. The major analysis takes up the historical trend and nature of the developmental transformation that is partially a consequences of state structures and partially autonomous form it in South Korea. Also, it diagnoses developmental pathways for the future track by constructing a baseline model for state transition on the basis of power game between the state and civil society in the country. The results of the historical analysis show that civil society has been transformed in the course of confrontations and interactions between the state and nationalist social movement. The distinction between developmental(or bureaucratic authoritarian) and democratic state is presented to show that these are two qualitatively different aspects of state of state power, requiring separate analytical treatment. Furthermore, the state-centric approach which emphasizes the active role of the state at the sacrifice of societal fabric-constraining social conditions for quality of life - appears to be modified. On the contrary, the impact of civil society is transmitted both directly and indirectly via labor and ecological movement for quality of life, which is critical to the formation of the welfare state in the country. The prospect for sustainable development in Korea lies in providng and expanding quality of life in terms of the financial feasibility of the state through the public-private cooperation, and abstaining from drastic and radical commitment to welfare services as is the case with the European declines in welfare state, Further studies are needed to examine the interrelationships in different historical and cultural settings of developing counties to estimate a theory of quality of life and social justice.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2020

Objectives: Gyeongsangbuk-do has entered a super-aged society with 20.7% of the population aged 65 and older. As of April 30, 2020, the death rate of COVID-19(3.8 people) in Gyeongsangbuk-do is higher than the national mortality rate (2.3 people), and the fatality rate of COVID-19 by age accounts for more than half of the total of 58.6%, so it is time to propose to prevent infectious diseases in the event of additional infectious disease disasters COVID-19. Methods: We collected daily data on the number of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 from 19 February to 30 April 2020. The data collected was evaluated using the SPSS 21.0 statistical package. Results: As a result of comparing the incidence and death-related factors of confirmed patients in Gyeongsangbuk-do, there were significant differences in age group (p<0.001), underlying disease (p<0.001), and residence type (p<0.033). Conclusion: Factors affecting the mortality rate of confirmed patients in Gyeongsangbuk-do have been combined with individual level factors(age, gender, underlying disease), which means individual characteristics that have existed since before the disease, and regional level factors(Type of Residence), which are external factors that enable the use of medical resources. Therefore, each local government is required to establish preventive measures considering individual and regional level factors.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.173-208
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• 2017

This study sorted out the political methods of the typical shell-and-bone inscriptions during early Western Zhou, the shapes and arrangements of Chan, Chak, and Jak, and the characteristics and description methods of shell-and-bone characters and also investigated the formation backgrounds and changing patterns of shell-and-bone inscriptions with a focus on the transmitted literature and actual shell-and-bone inscriptions. First, the transmitted literature contained records saying that Gogongdanbu told fortunes by burning tortoise shells during Proto-Zhou, but no Bokgap from those days had been excavated yet. The content of the divination focused on the periods of Kings Wen, Wu, and Cheng of Zhou, and the shell-and-bone characters of Juwon contained much content about Jugong those days. Second, there were some differences in the processing methods between Bokgap and Bokgol, but their origin could basically be found in the Joyeongjang form during middle Shang. In addition, it was found that they directly accepted the Bukchon type of Seomseo during late Shang and the divination method of the Proto-Zhou culture. Third, all of Bokgaps had a set of square Chan and rectangular Chak installed on the back, whereas all of Bokgols had a set of circular Chan and vertically thin Chak and were in the shape of a cat's eye. In terms of the Chan, Chak, and Jak arrangement, the Bokgaps were similar to those of Yinxu during late Shang, whereas the Bokgols had the characteristics of the Joyeongjang type during middle Shang. Finally, there were differences in the description methods of shell-and-bone characters according to the arrangement methods of shell-and-bone inscriptions. Some rules were found according to each of the parts. Bokgaps were placed horizontally so that Gapsu would face sideways. The middle sections of Bokgols were mostly placed horizontally with the Byeongbu and Seonbu facing downwards at Golgu to write downwards from right to left. This method was estimated to have something to do with "Sigo" in the divination process in The Rites of Zhou. It was inferred that the perceptions of divination changed in the process of arranging the rites and music institutions during early Western Zhou.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to review various grounds and plans for the establishment of a convergence major in lifelong education for the disabled based on Daegu University, which establishes its status and identity as a base university for education and welfare for the disabled. Lifelong education for the disabled reflects the specificity of disability in common because it targets disabled learners, but since it constitutes two perspectives and characteristics of education and welfare, access to interdisciplinary convergence research in disabled-related fields is important. In the above dimension, Daegu University has an appropriate foundation to lead lifelong education for the disabled in Korea through various academic and practice-based infrastructures, and has sufficient leadership to improve the practical limitations of the lifelong education support system for the disabled. Accordingly, this study presented measures and related grounds to reflect lifelong education for the disabled in order to establish an interdisciplinary convergence major at Daegu University through literature review and expert advice. It was emphasized that lifelong education for the disabled, viewed as a new interdisciplinary convergence major, should be activated through professional competencies commonly accessible to the three fields rather than applied from a priority perspective between special education, rehabilitation science, and social welfare. As a result of the study, it was suggested that Korea, which failed to establish a lifelong education support system for the disabled, should gradually spread and spread to other universities starting with Daegu University's application model and plan. In addition, the necessity of systematically establishing a qualification development path for lifelong education professionals for the disabled through agreement between the three fields was also suggested.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_1
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• pp.589-597
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• 2023

Floating debris in large quantities from land during heavy rainfall has adverse social, economic, and environmental impacts, but the monitoring system for the concentration area and amount is insufficient. In this study, we proposed an efficient monitoring method for floating debris entering the river during heavy rainfall in Daecheong Lake, the largest water supply source in the central region, and applied remote sensing techniques to estimate the standing-stock of floating debris. To investigate the status of floating debris in the upper of Daecheong Lake, we used a tracking buoy equipped with a low-orbit satellite communication terminal to identify the movement route and behavior characteristics, and used a drone to estimate the potential concentration area and standing-stock of floating debris. The location tracking buoys moved rapidly during the period when the cumulative rainfall for 3 days increased by more than 200 to 300 mm. In the case of Hotan Bridge, which showed the longest distance, it moved about 72.8 km for one day, and the maximum moving speed at this time was 5.71 km/h. As a result of calculating the standing-stock of floating debris using a drone after heavy rainfall, it was found to be 658.8 to 9,165.4 tons, with the largest amount occurring in the Seokhori area. In this study, we were able to identify the main concentrations of floating debris by using location-tracking buoys and drones. It is believed that remote sensing-based monitoring methods, which are more mobile and quicker than traditional monitoring methods, can contribute to reducing the cost of collecting and processing large amounts of floating debris that flows in during heavy rain periods in the future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2024

The importance of active sonar systems is emerging due to the quietness of underwater targets and the increase in ambient noise due to the increase in maritime traffic. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal due to multipath propagation of the signal, various clutter, ambient noise and reverberation makes it difficult to identify underwater targets using active sonar. Attempts have been made to apply data-based methods such as machine learning or deep learning to improve the performance of underwater target recognition systems, but it is difficult to collect enough data for training due to the nature of sonar datasets. Methods based on mathematical modeling have been mainly used to compensate for insufficient active sonar data. However, methodologies based on mathematical modeling have limitations in accurately simulating complex underwater phenomena. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a sonar signal synthesis method based on a deep neural network. In order to apply the neural network model to the field of sonar signal synthesis, the proposed method appropriately corrects the attention-based encoder and decoder to the sonar signal, which is the main module of the Tacotron model mainly used in the field of speech synthesis. It is possible to synthesize a signal more similar to the actual signal by training the proposed model using the dataset collected by arranging a simulated target in an actual marine environment. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, Perceptual evaluation of audio quality test was conducted and within score difference -2.3 was shown compared to actual signal in a total of four different environments. These results prove that the active sonar signal generated by the proposed method approximates the actual signal.