• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.3 s.28
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Recently, it is demanded to study about agri-environmental indicators including rural landscape indicators. However, there are deficiency to establish the policy of int landscape. This is the base study for the policy decision or management for conservation of agricultural landscape or rural landscape. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the supporting elements in the foreign policies, 2) to analyze the agricultural landscape elements and visual values in the field and 3) to make the classification form about the agricultural landscape. And finally, this study suggests the management guides for the conservation of agricultural landscape according to the teleological measures. Through this results, it would be expected to develop the efficient policy of rural landscape such as the direct payment program for rural landscape conservation.

• Korean Architects
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• s.474
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• pp.115-117
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• 2008

도시는 어제와 오늘 또 내일이 공존하는 삶의 공간이다. 때문에 도시에는 고궁이나 옛 건축물이 있고, 화려하고 심플한 현대건축물도 있으며 미래지향적인 작품들도 있다. 이렇게 많은 요소와 함께 시간에 흐름을 한 공간에서 느낄 수 있는 곳이 바로 도시라고 할 수 있다. 그 동안 우리는 국가와 국가 간의 경쟁 속에서 살아왔다. 그러나 요즈음은 도시와 도시의 경쟁체계로 바뀌어가고 있다. 즉 한국에 경쟁상대는 대만이라든가 프랑스, 독일이라고 했다면 오늘날에는 서울과 동경이 경쟁 혹은 부산과 파리의 경쟁 등 좀 더 세부화 되어가고 있는 것이다. 서울만 하더라도 이제 디자인 서울이라는 강력한 설정을 가지고 경쟁력을 높이고 있으며 부산, 광주, 인천, 대구 등 모든 도시가 각각에 특성을 강조하고 있다. 이런 도시계획에 있어서 경쟁력의 중심에 도시야간경관과 조명에 대한 중요성이 새롭게 인식되어가고 있다. 이제 도시는 주간 시간대와 함께 야간 시간대에 중요성을 강조하고 있으며 도시에 생명력은 조명에 역할이 상당부분 차지하게 된 것 같다. 이런 시점에서 그러면 도시의 경관 또는 조명연출계획은 어떻게 구성, 혹은 구상되어야 하는지 알아보고 검토 하는 것이 경쟁력 있는 도시를 만드는데 큰 도움이 되지 않을까 생각된다.

• Korean Architects
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• s.471
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• pp.73-75
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• 2008

도시는 어제와 오늘 또 내일이 공존하는 삶의 공간이다. 때문에 도시에는 고궁이나 옛 건축물이 있고, 화려하고 심플한 현대건축물도 있으며 미래지향적인 작품들도 있다. 이렇게 많은 요소와 함께 시간에 흐름을 한 공간에서 느낄 수 있는 곳이 바로 도시라고 할 수 있다. 그 동안 우리는 국가와 국가 간의 경쟁 속에서 살아왔다. 그러나 요즈음은 도시와 도시의 경쟁체계로 바뀌어가고 있다. 즉 한국에 경쟁상대는 대만이라든가 프랑스, 독일이라고 했다면 오늘날에는 서울과 동경이 경쟁 혹은 부산과 파리의 경쟁 등 좀 더 세부화 되어가고 있는 것이다. 서울만 하더라도 이제 디자인 서울이라는 강력한 설정을 가지고 경쟁력을 높이고 있으며 부산, 광주, 인천, 대구 등 모든 도시가 각각에 특성을 강조하고 있다. 이런 도시계획에 있어서 경쟁력의 중심에 도시야간경관과 조명에 대한 중요성이 새롭게 인식되어가고 있다. 이제 도시는 주간 시간대와 함께 야간 시간대에 중요성을 강조하고 있으며 도시에 생명력은 조명에 역할이 상당부분 차지하게 된 것 같다. 이런 시점에서 그러면 도시의 경관 또는 조명연출계획은 어떻게 구성, 혹은 구상되어야 하는지 알아보고 검토 하는 것이 경쟁력 있는 도시를 만드는데 큰 도움이 되지 않을까 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.891-899
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to estimate economic value of forest landscape function using conditional logit model, applied by Choice Experiment. For the study, we have chosen attributes and levels of forest landscape. In specific, topographical forest type, forest type, forest density, recreational factor (side trip, accessibility of valley) and WTP were included in attributes. Based on factors, we have made 48 choice sets with Balanced and Orthogonal form using SAS 9.1. The efficiency of questionnaire was 6.02 (D-Error: 0.1) and choice set and socio-economic variable were selected. In order to reduce cognitive load of respondent, 96 choice sets were divided into 4 types in questionnaire so that respondent could respond to 12 choice sets respectively. Population was citizens from 7 metropolitan cities including Seoul, and the interview survey was conducted to find out average annual WTP per household for the total 280 interviewees. As a result, In the Non-ASC model, Mcfadden' ${\rho}$ had 0.21, and Log Likelihood: -2,631. Average annual WTP per household for forest landscape was 266,723 Won(Korean currency).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.457-462
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• 2021

As South Korea is a mountainous topography, installation of tunnel is essential for construction of expressway in straight lines. According to "2019 Road Bridge and Tunnel Status Report", there are 2,682 tunnels in Korea with total length of 2,077km. Tunnels take up 1.9% of total road length and the number of tunnel increased by 94% with 1,300 newly constructed tunnels over the 10 years. According to domestic and foreign researches, a long tunnel over 1km in expressway has dark lightings and monotonous wall design which decrease driver's concentration and make the driver feel bored. This leads to feeling fatigue and drowsiness more easily. In response, Korea Expressway Corporation installed design lighting that increases attentiveness on 10 tunnels with total length over 3km by 2020. To reduce the risks of accident that may happen inside the tunnel, this study conducted a comparative analysis on characteristics of each type of LED landscape lighting installed inside the expressway tunnel. The study aimed on providing the basic material for effective installation of LED landscape lighting for securing driving stability, reducing fatigue, and lowering the risk of drowsiness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.11-31
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• 2019

Taking the painting, 「Landscape of the Jiuqu River in the Wuyi Mountain」 as the study object, which was produced in the middle of Qing Dinasty and collected by the British Library, this paper analyzes the scenery names recorded in the painting, and describes the landscape of the mountain, port and ships, architectural elements, civil elements, character, stone inscription and other scenery in the painting. The investigation results of the cultural landscape properties of each Gok are as follows: According to statistics, there are 28 architectural elements in the painting, including 7 pavilions (25%), 4 temples (14.3%), 3 Colleges and Taoist temple (10.7%), 2 Dowon(道院) and villages (7.1%); 29 civil elements, including 9 holes (31%), 6 Historical Sites (20.7%), 3 Stations(臺) (10.3%), 2 Ferries, 2 Bridges, and 2 Ponds (6.9%), 1 Garden, 1 Gate, 1 Mine(坑), 1 Well and 1 Remains(3.4%). These physical factors and civil factors are the important relics reflected the cultural landscape attributes of Wuyi-Gugok in the middle of the 18th century. Among the shape element in each Gok, the 1^st Gok have 12 shape elements(21.1%), the 5^th Gok 11(19.3%), the 4^th Gok 9(15.8%), the 9^th Gok 8(14%), the 3^rd Gok 7(12.3%), the 6^th Gok 4(7%), the 2^nd Gok 3(5.3%), the 7^th Gok 2(3.5%), and the 8^th Gok 1(2%). Through collation, it is found that the 1^st Gok, 5^th Gok and 4^th Gok have more prominent cultural landscape characteristics. In addition, according to the description of scenic spot types in 『Muisanji(武夷山志)』, there are 38 types of scenery description in the painting, of which, the three scenery of big rock, peak, small rock occupy the vast majority. This reflects the Danxia(丹霞) landform characteristics of Wuyi-Gugok. The cultural connotation of Wuyi Mountain expressed and contained in the painting is analyzed and interpreted, and it is found that the Jiuqu(九曲) River in the Wuyi Mountain has Neo-confucianism culture, Taoism culture, Buddhism culture, Tea culture and so on. In addition, among the 171 scenery names shown in the painting, there are altogether 7 stone inscriptions that are consistent with or have the same meaning as the rock inscriptions site, including 3 for inscriptions praising the landscape, 3 for philosophical inscription and 1 for auspicious language inscription, which is considered as the important basis for the mutual textuality between the pictures and the stone inscriptions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.32-50
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• 2019

The present study examines the circumstances around the establishment of the Seonyu Eight Scenic Spots (仙遊八景) in Gogunsan Islands and the characteristics of the landscape of each viewing point. The study conclusions are as follows. First, since the scenic spots were first established in 1969, their content and sequences have been changed several times, and their names have also been changed to some extent. Until the 1970s, these scenic spots did not have official names for them and were often specified as 'Gogunsan Eight Scenic Spots', and excluded 'the Musan Twelve Peaks (巫山十二峰)'. In addition, viewing points of the eight scenic spots varied across periods. This suggests that, for the early form of Seonyu Eight Scenic Spots, the picturesque scenery of Gogunsan Islands, and Seonyudo Island in particular, was chosen, while eight scenic spots in its vicinity were regarded. Second, the Seonyu Eight Scenic Spots of the early 2000s, which has all eight scenic spots of now, follows the nomenclature of the traditional eight scenic spots by specifying the sequence number with a refined name in four syllables. Its first scenic spot was Mangju Waterfall (望主瀑布) and its eighth scenic spot was Seonyu Sunset (仙遊落照); currently, the first scenic spot is Seonyu Sunset and the second scenic spot is Mangju Waterfall. Such change in the sequence of viewing points resulted from differences in representative landscape resources between the periods. Third, the lack of structure and finesse due to continuous changes is directed related to the identity issue of the Seonyu Eight Scenic Spots. Above all, it is unclear by whom and when Seonyu Eight Scenic Spots was established, and there are clear traces of following the eight scenic spots in the neighboring areas such as Okgu (沃溝) and Impi (臨陂)'s Eight Scenic Spots. Moreover, it is evaluated to have an unrefined, incomplete structure due to the lack of clarity in the knowledge and information about viewing objects, when to view, and historical and cultural background. Fourth, the first scenic spot, Seonyu Sunset, has the image that dominates the entire Eight Scenic Spots. The temporary landscape, the sunset, became the best view because it was perceived as the entirety of the landscape created by the fusion of the beautiful natural elements of Seonyudo Island. Therefore, there is ample room for raising the value of other landscape resources of Gogunsan Islands by utilizing the existing perception of exploring the entire landscape of Seonyudo Island and Gogunsan Islands starting with Seonyu Sunset. This likely requires additional work to imbue each viewing point with identity and completion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.116-128
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• 2017

In this study, the original scenery of Baegun-dong Garden in Gangjin was compared with that of the reconstructed site to suggest directions for restoration in the future. The diachronic prototype scenery of the Baegun-dong Garden was derived by integrating the elements of the original and contemporary prototype sceneries from the old poetry series. The old poetry series is comprised of "Baegun-dong 8Yeong(詠)" by Lee Damro(李聃老), "Baegun-dong 10Su(首)" by Song Ikhwi(宋翼輝), "Baegun-dong 12Gyeong (景)" by Jeong Yakyong(丁若鏞), and "Baegun-dong 14Gyeong" by Lee Siheon (李時憲). Guidance for directions for future restoration was suggested through a comparative analysis between the diachronic prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden and the current scenery of the restored site. The research result is as follows. First, the prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden was a harmonic view composed of the camellia forest road, 'Baegun-dong' the letter carved on a rock, a cliff 'Changhabyeok(蒼霞壁)' the red letter written by Jeong Yakyong, paulownia trees, waterfalls and a maple forest. Outside the Byeolseo(別墅), there were a red plum blossom forest, a pine forest, and a bamboo forest, as well as the view of Okpanbong(玉版峯) from Jeongseondae(停仙臺). In the yard, there were Chwimiseonbang(翠微禪房), Jug-gak(竹閣), Pyeongsang(榻), a lotus Bangji(方池), Gogsugeo(曲水渠) and Hwagye(花階). Cranes were even raised in the yard. Second, comparing the diachronic prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden with its restored site, following a restoration guide is suggested. There should be more water flow in Baegun-dong Valley and Jug-gak should be restored. 'Changhabyeok' the red letter should be carved on the stone wall. Trees should be controlled for a better view of Okpanbong from Jeongseondae. More trees and plants, such as red plum blossom, pine tree, paulownia trees, azaleas(映山紅), chrysanthemum, orchid, daffodil, and lotus should be planted in the yard. A system of integrated guide boards is also required for effective information transmission for visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2012

The position, size and landscape of the former Donam SeoWon as well as the physical organization of the old site, are studied to extract data for the enhancement of the authenticity of Donam SeoWon since its registration as a world heritage site. The results are as follows. The 'Donam(豚巖)' encaved rock, the tombstone of teacher Sagye(沙溪), Kimjipsadang(金集祠堂), the head of the Gwangsan Kim family, the Sagye stream in front of them, and the Gyeryong and Daedun mountains in the distance are united in the former Donam SeoWon as landscape elements that clearly show the characteristics of the former site, which was called 'Donam-Wollim(豚巖園林).' Moreover Yangseongdangsipyoung(養性堂十詠), adds the garden elements of a medical herb field, twins pond, a bamboo forest, a school, and a peach field. On this site, one can also engage in activities that are related to the land and are closely related to Neo-Confucianism such as fish watching, conferencing, visit in seclusion(訪隱), looking for monks, and overseeing farming. The former site facing east is assumed to have Sau(祠宇) - Eungdodang(凝道堂) - Ipdeokmum(入德門) - Sanangru(山仰樓: estimated). Jeonsacheong seems to have been located to the left of the Sau area, Yangseongdang, which contained upper and lower twin lotus ponds, on the right and was surrounded by various plants. As it has been used as a lecture hall for the past 250 years, the former Donam SeoWon, located 1.8km away from the current area, must be preserved, and the landscape should be formed to establish the authenticity of Donam SeoWon.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

This study closely analyzed poems and paintings related to Beijing-Palgyeong, as well as ancient maps and ancient writings. Through the study, people who read this study can consider, Beijing-Palgyeong's the process of changing times, changing landscape perception, physical and symbolic landscape elements, structural analysis, national management relationships, and finally how it was localized as symbolic place. The view point of the Beijing-Palgyeong is distributed in four places, one outside and one inside the city. Outside of the capital city of Beijing-Palgyeong were concentrated in Seosan(西山) where the resting place of the emperor and the center of the landscape view of Beijing. The view point of Beijing-Palgyeong inside the capital city is located in two places in the royal palace's Imperial Garden and in two villages around the fortress. In other words, Beijing-Palgyeong was selected as a place closely related to the imperial family, emperor, and royal palace from the time of its initial creation. Since then, many scholars, including the emperor, have used it for national management through Won(元), Ming and Qing Dynasty, and it have become more and more characteristic of 'The capital city of eight scenic views'. The two places inside the capital city praised the Gods and Emperors in the same way. Outside the capital city, the two sites depict the comfortable lives of the people who are governed by the emperor and depicting the village landscape around the city. In the end, it can be seen that most of the Beijing-Palgyeong are related to imperial palaces and emperors. If you look at the physical landscape of Beijing-Palgyeong by element, it mainly contains the contents of national management and the emperor's eulogy. Qianlong Emperor established the Beijing-Palgyeong in 1751 through the construction of a monument. A four-character on the front of the monument, and inscribed with a seven-word written by the person on the back. It can be said that Qianlong Emperor's Beijing-Palgyeong were intended to show off the results of Manchurian rule through the material symbol of the monument. Beijing-Palgyeong have been transformed into a landmark, and modern people use it as an indicator of the Beijing-Palgyeong.