• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.187-208
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• 2010

This Article attempts to analyse the enlarger phenomenon of 'temporary work-integration social enterprise' in 80's and 90's years in Germany. For this analysis were considered concepts and development of the 'secondary labour market' with respect of the 'temporary work-integration social enterprise'. At the same time were observed the background of the settlement of the 'secondary labour market' as local infrastructure for job creation in 80's and 90's years. Next was analyzed the contribution of the 'temporary work-integration social enterprise' on the fiscal consolidation through the method of cost-benefit analysis in fall of the community Gie${\ss}$en. Finally was limits and potential of the 'temporary work-integration social enterprise' analyzed, which as strategy for the fiscal consolidation was expanded in 80's and 90's years.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.21 no.3_4
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• pp.105-146
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• 1999

1997년 말 외환위기 이후 한국의 노동시장은 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 외환위기에서 2년이 경과한 현재 실업률이 빠르게 하락하고 임금수준은 위기 이전으로 회복되었으나, 고용수준은 아직 회복되지 않은 상황이다. 현재의 상황에서 우려되는 것은 1970년대 이후 유럽에서 발생한 것처럼 고실업이 지속되는 현상이다. 본고에서는 여러 가지 분석을 통하여 이러한 우려가 현실로 나타날 수 있는 가능성에 대하여 경고하고 있다. 향후 고용 및 실업정책의 최우선 목표는 본원적인 일자리 창출을 통해 구조적 실업률을 저하시키기 위한 종합적인 정책의 시행에 두어져야 한다고 판단된다. 이는 실업과 분배문제를 동시에 해결할 수 있는 기초라 여겨지기 때문이다. 이를 위해서는 일자리의 창출을 위하여 수십년 동안 경험을 축적한 OECD국가의 경험을 참고할 필요가 있을 것이다. 현재 OECD국가에서는 일자리의 창출을 위하여 개별기업의 상황에 맞게 임금결정구조의 분권화를 지속적으로 추구하고 있으며, 임금상승률의 결정은 과거의 물가상승률이나 생산성 증가 등의 지수화에 의존하던 정책을 포기하고 미래지향적으로 물가상승의 예측치만큼 설정한 후 그 변동분은 사후적으로 고려하는 소득정책협약(income policy agreements)을 추구하고 있다. 이는 일자리 창출을 통해 경제의 성과를 기존의 취업자 외에 실업자와 신규근로자에게 분배하기 위한 수단으로 사용하고 있음을 의미한다. 한편 노동시장 유연성 제고를 통한 일자리의 창출은 소득분배를 악화시키는 경향이었다는 점이 유럽과 미국에서 발견된 경험 중의 하나이다. 따라서 일자리의 창출과 분배의 상충관계(trade-off)를 염두에 둘 필요는 있으나, 일자리의 창출은 일자리를 가짐으로써 불평등도를 개선하는 고용효과(employment effect)가 임금격차의 발생으로 불평등도를 확대시키는 임금효과(income effect)를 상쇄할 경우 오히려 분배구조를 개선시킬 수도 있다.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-94
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• 2011

This paper criticizes the arguments for the high and rigid reservation wages as main cause of the youth joblessness. First, using longitudinal aspect of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, I found that there exists declining reservation wage for the young who make the transition from unemployed to employment. Second, the average duration of school-to-work transition in Korea is relatively low compared to that of other countries. Moreover the duration between leaving school and staring the first job has not significantly negative effect on adult labor market outcomes, but the quality of first job and unstable job experiences have serious negative effects on working career. These findings show that the high youth joblessness is due to both decent job deficit and labor market segmentation.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.165-175
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• 2018

Since the 1997 financial crisis, large scale unemployment and poverty have become serious, and public and social job creation projects have been carried out. However, with the limitations of low-wage and short-term jobs, the need for long-term and high quality jobs gradually began to attract attention. In recent years, social enterprises have grown both quantitatively and qualitatively and interest in social enterprises has increased. And also it is interested in the determinants of success and failure of social enterprises in the academic field. In this study, we examined the effects of social enterprise characteristics on financial and social performance, and we analyzed empirically by using social enterprises registered in the Korea Social Enterprise Agency. The financial performance of the social enterprise is measured by the net income ratio, operating income ratio, and the return on asset. The social performance of the social enterprise is measured by total number of workers and the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups. The characteristics of the social enterprise include the CEO characteristics (gender, age, experience in operating the social enterprise), the firm size, and the elapsed time of the authentication. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, as a result of analysis for the effect on financial performance, we found that the financial performance have a statistically significant positive relationship with firm size, organizational form, government subsidies and capital adequacy ratio. And it is found that the social performance have a statistically significant negative relationship with CEO age, credit debt dependence. Second, as a result of analysis for the effect on social performance, we foumd that total number of workers have a significant positive relationships with CEO gender, CEO age, and firm size, government subsidies, while total number of workers have a significant negative relationship with certification type and industry dummy. On the other hand, the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups have a siginificant positive relationship with CEO gender and certification type and It have not statistically significant relationship with the government subsidies and the firm size.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.167-190
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• 2000

The Korean labor market is changing very fast after the economic crisis. In the middle of 2000, the unemployment rate has decreased to the less than 4% and wage income has recovered to its pre-crisis level. However, the number of employed and the labor market participation rate has not yet recovered, and income inequality is widening. In this situation, there is some concern about the potential for the histeresis phenomenon, which occurred in Europe after 1970, and means that a high unemployment rate could continued regardless of price levels. Therefore, focus should be placed on the labor market policy for the 21 st century reducing structural unemployment through creation of jobs in order to solve problems of unemployment and income distribution simultaneously.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2019

Since the financial crisis in 1997, large scale unemployment and poverty have become serious, but there has been a surge in public and social job creation projects. However, with the limitations of low-wage and short-term jobs, the need for long-term, high quality jobs gradually began to garner attention. In recent years, social enterprises have grown both quantitatively and qualitatively and interest in social enterprises has increased; more specifically, scholars are interested in the determinants of success and failure of social enterprises in the academic field. In this study, we examined the effects of social enterprise characteristics on financial and social performance. In particular, we empirically analyzed social enterprises registered in the Korea Social Enterprise Agency. The financial performance of the social enterprise was measured using the net income ratio, operating income ratio, and the return on asset. The social performance of the social enterprise was measured by the total number of workers and the employment rate of vulnerable social groups. The characteristics of the social enterprise included CEO characteristics (gender, age, experience in operating the social enterprise), firm size, and the elapsed time of authentication. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, as a result of analysis for the effect on financial performance, we found that the financial performance has a statistically significant, positive relationship with firm size, organizational form, government subsidies, and capital adequacy ratio. And we found that the social performance has a statistically significant, negative relationship with CEO age and credit debt dependence. Second, as a result of analysis for the effect on social performance, we found that the total number of workers had a significant, positive relationship with CEO gender and CEO age, as well as firm size, government subsidies; whereas the total number of workers had a significant, negative relationship with certification type and industry dummy. Comparatively, the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups had a significant, positive relationship with CEO gender and certification type, but there was no statistically significant relationship with the government subsidies or firm size.