• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive correlational study examined the acculturation, health literacy, and factors affecting the health literacy of Vietnamese and Chinese female marriage immigrants. Methods: The sample consisted of 90 Vietnamese and 89 Chinese female marriage immigrants who participated in Multicultural Family Support Centers' programs in metropolitan city A. The health literacy was measured by HLI-FMI (Health Literacy Index for Female Marriage Immigrants), acculturation was measured using the Acculturation Index for female marriage immigrants. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were performed for data analysis. Results: The Chinese group (M=9.80±2.72) showed a significantly higher health literacy than the Vietnamese group (M=8.07±3.57). The factors affecting health literacy among Chinese were the length of residence (β=.442 p<.001), and adaptation to Korean culture (β=.381, p=.007). Conclusion: To develope graded education programs for promoting the health literacy of Chinese and Vietnamese female marriage immigrants, the length of residence can be considered. Continuously providing a support system to help them adapt to Korean culture can also have a positive effect on health literacy.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.468-481
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the reproductive health behavior of married immigrant women (MIW). Methods: A cross-sectional based survey was conducted. The data were collected using a self-reporting questionnaire of MIW who lived in cities and provinces. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: A total of 141 subjects participated in the study (mean age, $34.23{\pm}6.53$). Of the participants, 45.4% were Vietnamese. The reproductive health behavior score of the subjects was $4.09{\pm}0.51$. The reproductive health behavior showed positive correlations with attitude (r=.37, p<.001), perceived behavioral control (r=.35, p<.001) and intent (r=.33, p<.001). The factors influencing the reproductive health behavior were attitude toward the reproductive health behavior (${\beta}=.24$, p=.005), perceived behavioral control (${\beta}=.18$ p=.046), experience of breast feeding (${\beta}=.20$, p=.014), and the self-evaluated Korean listening ability (${\beta}=.18$, p=.019). These variables explained 29% of the variance in the reproductive health behavior. Conclusion: According to the above results, a specific educational program for MIW is needed to increase their reproductive health behavior.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of stress, social support, and marital satisfaction between married immigrant women living in urban areas and women living in rural areas to identify ways to improve their mental health. Methods: Two hundred married immigrant women were recruited from multicultural familysupport centers located in Daejeon City and Chungcheong Province. From July, 2009 to January, 2010, data were collected using self- administered questionnaire. Study instruments were scales for acculturative stress, housewives life stress, support from spouse, and marital satisfaction. Results: Urban married immigrant women had lower levels of acculturative stress and higher levels of support from spouse and more positive marital satisfaction compared to rural women. Both groups reported similar levels of stress in life as a housewife. Factors influencing marital satisfaction in both group were lower levels of acculturative and housewives life stress, higher levels of support from spouse, and living with parents-in-law. Conclusion: Rural married immigrant women may have more problems in adjusting to Korean culture and marriage compared to urban women. Therefore, to improve the physical and psychological wellbeing and marital adjustment of married immigrant women, development of nursing strategies according to area of residence is needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.254-264
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing depression of married immigrant women in Korea. Methods: Participants included 127 married immigrant women who met eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in the study. Participants were evaluated for subjective assessment of married immigrant-related constructs using a self-report questionnaire, for depression, acculturation stress, and social support. The analysis was done using SPSS for Windows, version 18.0, and included stepwise regression. Results: The major findings were as follows; 1) Depression significantly differed according to native country, length of residence in Korea, education, family monthly income, household and primary support. 2) There were significant relationships between marital life satisfaction (r=-.80, p<.001), acculturative stress (r=.78, p<.001), and social support (r=-.20, p=.025). 3) Marital life satisfaction, family monthly income, acculturative stress, primary support and social support were significant factors, which explained 84.6% of the variance in depression (F=138.04, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that a powerful predictor of depression for married immigrant women was marital life satisfaction. Conclusion: Based upon the findings, this study provides useful information that could assist in reducing depression among married immigrant women, and indicates that nursing interventions are needed.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.224-238
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the self-rated health of married immigrant women in South Korea. Methods: Data, collected in August 2018, were derived from the 2018 National Multicultural Family Survey. Study subjects were 9,230 married immigrant women. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Of the study subjects, 23.2% rated their health as poor. Results showed that individual factors (age, ethnic affiliation, duration in South Korea, and depressive symptoms); social and community networks (relationship with spouse, parenting efficacy, Korean proficiency, perceived discrimination, social support, and social activities); and living and working conditions (life satisfaction and unmet heath needs) were associated with health. Married immigrant women in their 50s or older, living in Korea for more than 15 years, experiencing depressive symptoms, low life satisfaction, and having unmet health needs were especially at high risk of poor health. Conclusion: More detailed health policy that considers age, length of stay, and country of origin. To prevent the rapidly deteriorating health of married immigrant women after middle age, mental health support should be given priority, and systematic improvement is needed to increase accessibility healthcare services.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to examine postpartum depression of Vietnamese married immigrant women and Korean women, and to identify factors that affect postpartum depression. Methods: Subjects of one hundred and thirty-five women who had delivered a baby within 3 years were part of the study. Of these women, sixty were Vietnamese married immigrant women and sixty seven were Korean women living in Gangwon Province. Kim's (2005) Korean version of Cox's (1987) EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) was used to evaluate postpartum depression. The reliability of the entire subjects was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.677, Vietnamese women .743, and Korean women .654. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in demographic data and obstetric history. There were significant differences in EPDS (t=-0.236, p=.814) of the type of household between the two groups. Korean women experienced more depression in the items of EPDS 1,2,5, and Vietnamese women experienced more depression in the items of EPDS 7, 8, and 10 when comparing item by item. The influencing factors of EPDS in entire subjects were marriage type, satisfaction of relationship with the husband and other household extended family members, and emotional experience during pregnancy. Conclusion: Postpartum depression has occurred regardless of ethnicity, therefore prevention programs targeted at depression, and family support programs should be developed for all childbearing women.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.118-131
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to provide essential data for the development of a prenatal healthcare intervention program tailored to Vietnamese migrant women. This study assessed the knowledge and the practice of prenatal health management, and the levels of depression among Vietnamese women of childbearing age residing in Korea and Vietnam. Methods: Using a descriptive research design, a structured questionnaire was administered to Vietnamese women of childbearing age, with 113 participants residing in Korea and 196 participants residing in Vietnam. Data was collected from Februay to April 2021. Data was analyzed using t-test and chi-square test. Result: The analysis of knowledge regarding prenatal health management revealed significant differences between married women in both locations, with higher knowledge scores. Regarding prenatal health management practices, no significant differences were found based on marital status or place of residence. Particularly in the item "Will receive regular prenatal check-ups at the hospital." married Vietnamese women in Vietnam had lower scores than unmarried women, and rural women had lower scores than urban women. The lowest score was observed among Korean-residing women in the item "Will seek pregnancy and childbirth information." Regarding depression, married women in Vietnam and women living in rural areas demonstrated significantly higher depression scores. Conclusion: When designing perinatal management interventions for Vietnamese immigrant women, special attention should be given to those originating from rural areas in Vietnam. It is recommended to incorporate the importance of perinatal healthcare and factors related to mental well-being into the intervention program.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-212
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the association of family support, self-efficacy, health literacy and perceived health status with health-promoting behavior (HPB) in married immigrant women. Methods: A cross-sectional based survey was conducted to collect data from married immigrant women living in Gyeongsang province. Questionnaires included Health promoting lifestyle profile II, General self - efficacy scale, Korean Health literacy assessment and perceived health status. Results: 157 subjects participated in the study (mean age, $30.47{\pm}6.83$). Their duration of living in Korea was $63.05{\pm}50.11$ months. Of the participants, 59.2% were Vietnamese. The level of HPB, perceived health status, health literacy, support of family and self-efficacy were $2.58{\pm}0.42$, $3.39{\pm}0.86$, $25.12{\pm}20.99$, $3.83{\pm}0.70$ and $3.61{\pm}0.53$ respectively. Factors affecting the HPB of the participants were support from family (${\beta}=.45$, p<.001) and self-efficacy (${\beta}=.16$, p<.05). The explanatory power of these two variables was 34.2%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the factors influencing the HPB of married immigrant women include support from family and self-efficacy. A variety of programs should be provided for families so that they can support those women to help them increase their HPB. It is recommended that more various programs be provided to increase their self- efficacy.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.243-255
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to provide understanding of the meaning of the transition experiences in pregnancy and childbirth among the married immigrant women. Methods: Data was collected through a face-to-face interview from 11 married immigrant women. Their conjugal lives were followed using the hermeneutics phenomenological method developed by van Manen: focusing on the meaning of lived experience. Results: The essential themes that were associated with the transition experiences of the participants' lives during pregnancy and childbirth were as follows: "entering a strange world filled with chaos and tension where they feel like outsiders", "being pregnant and giving birth in increasingly difficult times", "giving birth to a child, which strengthens them to persevere through painful life experiences", "receiving greater support from their families". Conclusion: It contributes a deeper understanding of the essence of the transition experiences of married immigrant women who undergo pregnancy and childbirth after immigration. On the basis of this understanding, this study would be likely to highlight the importance of establishing an appropriate health and medicare systems and the expert network of nursing care for immigrant wom.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5509-5517
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the health status and social support of international married women according to acculturative stress. Methods : Filipino marriage-migrant 110 women participated in the study, lived D city and C city from December 2009 to June 2010. Results: The average score of health status was 83.47. The average score of social support was 3.48. The average score of acculturative stress was 2.37. Health status were significantly associated with age, years living in Korea, way of marriage and Korean friends. Social support was associated with age, way of marriage and Korean friends. Acculturative stress were associated with age, years living in Korea and way of marriage. According to acculturative stress level, acculturative stress had a significant impact on health status and social support. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of health status, social support and acculturative stress of international married women. These findings are basis to development of health management intervention program for international married women.