• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.306-313
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• 2005

Conditional branch prediction is an important technique for improving processor performance. Branch mispredictions, however, waste a large number of cycles, inhibit out-of-order execution, and waste electric power on mis-speculated instructions. Hence, the branch predictor with higher accuracy is necessary for good processor performance. In global-history-based predictors like gshare and GAg, many mispredictions come from commit update of the history. Some works on this subject have discussed the need for speculative update of the history and recovery mechanisms for branch mispredictions. In this paper, we present a simple mechanism for recovering the branch history after a misprediction. The proposed mechanism adds an age_counter to the original predictor and doubles the size of the branch history register. The age_counter counts the number of outstanding branches and uses it to recover the branch history register. Simulation results on the Simplescalar 3.0/PISA tool set and the SPECINTgS benchmarks show that gshare and GAg with the proposed recovery mechanism improved the average prediction accuracy by 2.14$\%$ and 9.21$\%$, respectively and the average IPC by 8.75$\%$ and 18.08$\%$, respectively over the original predictor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1984

The purpose of this paper was to figure out the efficiencies of two sampling techniques, a simple random sampling and a two-stage P.P.S. (probability proportional to size) sampling, in estimating the volume of the mature coniferous stands near Salzburg, Austria. With black-and-white infrared photographs at a scale 1:10,000, the following four classes were considered; non-forest, young stands less than 40 years, mature beech and mature coniferous stands. After the classification, a field survey was carried out using a relascope with a BAF (basal area factor) 4. For the simple random sampling, 99 points were sampled, while for the P.P.S. sampling, 75 points were sampled in the mature coniferous stands. The following results were obtained. 1) The mean standing coniferous volume estimate was $422.0m^3/ha$ for the simple random sampling and $433.5m^3/ha$ for the P.P.S. sampling method. However, the difference was not statistically significant. 2) The required number of sampling points for a 5% sampling error were 170 for the two stage P.P.S. sampling, but 237 for the simple random sampling. 3) The two stage P.P.S. method reduced field survey time by 17% as compared to the simple random sampling.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 2005

Purpose : Wish to present degree management process that is efficient confirm radiation treatment exclusive use CT simulator's Q.A item that become Q.A and Differentiation of diagnosis area that present Report of the AAPM Task Group No.66 using Q.A tool that produce itself and secure safe and correct CT-simulation process and equip convenience. Method and material : Manufacture CT simulator's Q.A tool on source and confirm virtue between isocenter of wall laser system, patient table, CT scanner's imaging plane that present in Report of the AAPM Task Group No.66 by daily publication unit. Result : Confirmed measured value from Report of the AAPM Task Group No.66 to confirmation of presenting degree management item in wall laser's ${\pm}2mm$, table's ${\pm}2mm$, imaging plane's ${\pm}2mm$ tolerance extent. Conclusion : There is unconfirmed item from CT-simulation process for therapy to CT Q.A protocol of existent diagnosis area, premising suitable degree management of radiation treatment exclusive use CT-simulator equipment confirming presenting Q.A item in Report of the AAPM Task Group No.66 safe and correct CT-simulation process guarantee can

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1B
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• pp.15-30
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• 2000

The important considerations in the design of fiber-optic networks are reliability and survivability preparing against a failure. The SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy), the international standard of optical transmission, offers several network reconfiguration methods that enable network to be automatically restored from failure. One of the methods is the SHR(Self Healing Ring), which is a ring topology system. Most network providers have constructed their backbone networks with SHR architecture since it can provide survivability economically. The network architecture has eventually evolved into a multi-ring network comprised of interconnected rings. This paper addresses multi-ring network design problems is to minimize ring-construction cost. This problem can be formulated with MIP(mixed integer programming) model. However, it is difficult to solve the model within reasonable computing time on a large scale network because the model is NP-complete. Furthermore, in practice we should consider the problem of routing demands on rings to minimize total cost. This routing problem involves multiplex bundling at the intermediate nodes. A family of heuristic algorithms is presented for this problem. These algorithms include gateway selection and routing of inter-ring demands as well as load balancing on single rings. The developed heuristic algorithms are applied to some network provider's regional and long-distance transmission networks. We show an example of ring design and compare it with another ring topology design. Finally, we analysis the effect bundling.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 1986

An experiment was performed to investigate the combined effect of preservatives and the synergistic effect of sodium chloride to them on the inhibition of bacterial growth. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were cultured with or without shaking in liquid media (pH 6) of tryptone-glucose-yeast extract or tryptic soy broth which contained 0.1% potassium sorbate and/or 0.03% sodium benzoate, equivalent to half of the maximum permissible levels, respectively. The growth of E. coli was more inhibited with one or both of the two preservatives by shaking culture than by non-shaking culture. For S. typhimurium the single treatment of the preservatives did not show inhibitory effect whereas the combined treatment of them showed bacteriostatic effect in shaking culture and a prolongation of lag phase in non-shaking culture. Addition of 2% sodium chloride to either potassium sorbate or potassium sorbate plus sodium benzoate remarkably increased the growth inhibition of E. coli for non-shaking cultivation but no effect observed for shaking cultivation. S. typhimurium was more sensitive to the addition of sodium chloride than E. coli in both shaking and non-shaking culture to show lower viable cell counts than initial numbers.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.607-616
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to evaluate the valid forecast lead time and the accuracy when AWS observed rainfall data are used for real-time river flow forecast. For this, Namhan river basin is selected as study area and SURF model is constructed during flood seasons in 2006~2009. The simulated flow with and without the assimilation of the observed flow data are well fitted. Effectiveness index (EI) is used to evaluate amount of improvement for the assimilation. EI at Chungju, Dalcheon, Hoengsung and Yeoju sites as evaluation points show 32.08%, 51.53%, 39.70% and 18.23% improved, respectively. In the results of the forecasted values using the limited observed rainfall data in each forecast time before peak flow occur, the peak flow under the 20% tolerance range of relative error at Chungju, Dalcheon, Hoengsung and Yeoju sites can be simulated in forecast time-11h, 2h, 3h and 5h and the flow volume in the same condition at those sites can be simulated in forecast time-13h, 2h, 4h and 9h, respectively. From this results, observed rainfall data can be used for real-time peak flow forecast because of basin lag time.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2010

2010년 5월 중 서울 약령시와 서울시내 대형마트에서 유통 중인 약용버섯 및 식용버섯류 16품목 92건 대상으로 중금속(비소, 카드뮴, 납, 수은) 모니터링을 실시하였다. 식품의약품안전청에서 고시한 생약의 잔류오염물질 허용기준 및 시험방법에 따라 실험하였으며, 유통 버섯류의 중금속 함유실태를 파악하고, 버섯의 안전성 기준 제정을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 새송이버섯 등 생버섯 7종 15건에 대한 중금속 검사 결과 비소 0.01~0.26 mg/kg, 카드뮴 0~0.10 mg/kg, 납 0~0.03 mg/kg, 수은 0~0.007 mg/kg 으로 중금속 함유량이 낮았다. 상황버섯 등 11종 77건의 건조되어 식용 및 약용으로 사용되는 버섯류 중 노루궁뎅이버섯은 4건 중 2건(50.0 %)에서 카드뮴이 0.32~0.82 mg/kg으로 한약재 기준 대비 높게 검출되었으며, 상황버섯은 15건 중 5건(33 %)에서 카드뮴 0.58~0.85 mg/kg, 표고버섯은 9건 중 3건에서 카드뮴 0.42~0.74 mg/kg, 운지버섯 5건 중 1건(20.0 %)에서 1.66 mg/kg, 영지버섯 16건 중 2건(12.5%)에서 수은 0.415 mg/kg과 카드뮴 0.66 mg/kg이 분석되었다. 특히 아가리쿠스버섯은 10건 중 10건(100.0 %)에서 카드뮴(10건) 1.49~7.35 mg/kg, 수은(9건) 0.202~0.505 mg/kg으로 높은 유해중금속 함유량을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 1981

In order to determine the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in various meats consumed by Korean population, 80 samples of beef, pork and chicken were collected throughout the country and analyzed for their fat contents and pesticide residue levels. Organochlorine insecticides detected in the meat samples were ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\beta}-BHC,\;heptachlorepoxide\;and\;DDE$. The average residue levels of the four pesticides on fat basis were 0.466 ppm in domestic beef, 0.145 ppm in imported beef, 0.264 ppm in pork and 0.106 ppm in chicken, in decreasing order of ${\alpha}-BHC>DDE>heptachlorepoxide>{\beta}-BHC$. Daily intake per person of the residues from meat by Korean population was estimated to be $1.0{\mu}g$ of total BHC, $0.1{\mu}g$ of heptachlorepoxide and $0.3{\mu}g$ of DDE. This level was far below the acceptable daily intake of organochlorine insecticides $(18\;{\mu}g/㎏\;body\;weight)$ as recommended by FAO/WHO.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of harmful materials on the 153 commercial medical herbs in Gwangju area. It was performed using the GC-ECD, GC-NPD, GC-MSD and the LC-UVD, LC-FLD, LC-MSD to analyze 200 pesticides. The heavy metals were determined using a Mercury analyzer and AAS. The sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. The residual pesticides were detected in 7 samples, and were over MRLs (Maximum Risk Levels) in 2 samples (1.3%). The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) were Pb, 0.570; Cd, 0.081; As, 0.082; Hg, 0.0093. The measured values of Pb, As, Hg showed within MRLs. The excess samples of MRLs were 3 samples (changchul 2, cheongung 1) on Cd. The sulfur dioxides were over MRLs in 7 samples (4.6%), hwanggi and gugija. These results will be used to establish on the regulation of commercial medical herbs in Gwangju area.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to find out a nomenclature and a code number for fruit commodities from the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) corresponding with a commodity name used in South Korea. In addition, nomenclature or classification for commodity that needs an alteration or detailed examination domestically was determined. In this study, 'Food Code (Korean and English version)' and 'Pesticide MRLs in Food' from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and 'Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds' were used. As results, regarding a nomenclature or classification used in South Korea, it appeared that alteration or further examination was needed for the following (English name of commodity, coming from an English version of Food Code). First, reconsiderations for classification of Chinese matrimony vine, fig, five-flavor magnolia vine, and pomegranate are needed as they are classified differently between Korea and Codex. Second, in any case of Korean or English language, nomenclature of commodity is different even within Korea or when it is compared with Codex. Such commodities are: Asian citron, Chinese bush cherry, Chinese matrimony vine, coconut, crimson glory vine, date palm, five-flavor magnolia vine, five-leaf chocolate vine, Japanese apricot, Japanese cornelian cherry, jujube, kiwifruit (golden kiwi), Korean black berry, Korean raspberry, kumquat, lychee, mandarin, persimmon, plum, quince, raspberry, and trifoliate orange. Third, reconsiderations for peach and raspberry nomenclatures are needed as it is currently unclear whether 'peach' includes nectarine and an English nomenclature, 'raspberry', is used in Korea for both various varieties (red, black) and one specific variety.