• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2021

Sesan강과 Srepok강은 베트남, 캄보디아, 라오스가 공유하는 3S강 유역 (Sesan강, Srepok강, Sekong강)의 일부로 국제 공유하천으로 관리되고 있다. 3S강 유역은 Mekong강의 중요한 지류이며 Mekong강 유역의 상당 부분을 구성한다(Mekong강 유역 면적의 10%, 연간 총 유출량의 20%). 베트남에 속해 있는 Sesan강 유역면적은 11,255km², Srepok강 유역면적은 18,162km²이다. Sesan강과 Srepok강의 상류는 베트남 중부 고원의 긴 산맥에 위치하고 있으며, 하류는 캄보디아에 위치해 있어 상·하류간 긴밀한 협력이 필요하다. Sesan강과 Srepok강 유역은 기후변화에 따른 홍수, 가뭄, 수력발전소 건설로 인한 유출량 변동에 따른 상·하류 분쟁, 사면침식 및 퇴적 등 많은 문제와 도전에 직면할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 World Bank의 "Viet Nam Mekong Integrated Water Resources Management (M-IWRM) Project의 일환으로 베트남 정부 차원에서 처음으로 구축한 수자원관리 의사결정지원시스템인 "DSS-2S"를 활용하여, Sesan-Srepok강 유역의 수자원 계획을 수립하였다. DSS-2S는 MIKE Hydro Basin을 기반으로 SWAT모델 등과 연계 하여 구축되었다. DSS-2S는 2S 유역의 모든 주요 하천과 지류를 반영하였으며. 여기에는 17개의 수력발전 댐과 주요 지류에서 용량이 3백만 m³ 이상인 기타 저수지가 포함되었다. 이 보다 작은 용량의 저수지는 대표적인 저수지로 그룹화 되어 반영되었다. 기후변화 및 사회-경제적 발전계획 등을 반영하여, 2030년과 2050년을 목표연도로 생활, 공업, 농업, 관광, 유지용수 등 용수 수요를 추정하였다. 50% 및 85% 빈도의 공급 가능성을 고려하여 물 배분은 물 수요를 충족하고 지하수 개발 최소화를 기준으로 고려되었다. 분석 결과에 의하면 2S강 유역의 총 수자원은 32.2억 m³으로 그중 지표수자원은 29.2억 m³, 안정적으로 이용 가능한 지하수자원은 2.97억 m³으로 분석 되었으며, 지표수와 지하수 연계를 고려하면 전체 2S 강 유역에 물 부족하지는 않으나, 개별 공급 지점을 고려할 때 4월과 5월에 일부 지역에서 물 부족이 나타날 것으로 예측 된다. 장래 물 부족 해결을 위한 대안들을 제시하였으며, 본 성과는 베트남 중앙 정부의 장기수자원 종합계획 수립의 기본 자료로 활용 될 예정이다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.233-250
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to report a case of cost analysis for community-based social service centers for the disabled. This study analyzed 2002 accounting reports and annual business reports from 20 social service centers for the disabled. To identify weight of each service researchers surveyed each service in terms of significance, difficulty, and emphasis from managers among centers. For cost analysis, this study used TCA(Traditional cost accounting), rather than ABC(Activity-based costing) because of costs, time, and difficulty to find cost drivers. Findings indicate that average annual expenditure is about 1260 million Won. About 65.8% is for labor and another 13.2% is for programs. In addition, the cost for respite care service(1 hour basis) is 26,922 Won and job counselling with job capacity evaluation(2 hour basis) is 143,355 Won. These costs does not count on real estate costs and low labor costs. Thus, market price of those services should be higher than the above. This study analyzed the costs with service bassis rather than costing item basis. This method would provide more useful information to decision makers in relation to program expansion, reducement, and resources allocation etc.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.537-545
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• 1999

This study examines three counterplans for the improvement in price structure of Korean multi-regional water supply system. First, price differentiation between industrial and residential water uses is analyzed using several pricing methods. It has been estimated that the industrial water price by the Ramsey pricing method is needed to be two to two and half times higher than the price of residential water to achieve maximum social welfare. Second, peak-load pricing is then studied to seek for the effectiveness of seasonal differentiation in water price. It has been found that consideration of dam facilities and their functions is the key factor for the effectiveness of the seasonal differentiation in water price. Finally, the discussion about the introduction of contract pricing system to the multi regional water supply system to achieve optimal investment plan for the future water demand is presented. We has found that the introduction of contract pricing system will greatly increase the efficiency in future investment plan of the multi-regional water supply system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 2006

This study aimed to present that the understanding of the relational structure among stakeholders of a national park with the usage of 'social network analysis' can help more effectively to diagnose conflicts among stakeholders and to resolve them, Conducting a telephone-interview survey with 12 stakeholders of the Taean-Haean National Park, Republic of Korea, this study examined their perception of conflicts related to the park, and compared their social networks when their conflicts emerged with their networks when the conflicts did not appear. When the conflicts appeared, the more respondents tried to seek other information sources apart from the Korea National Park Service (KNPS) and the fewer interactions among the stakeholders occurred than when the conflicts were not present. Based on the findings, it was suggested that KNPS need not to directly distribute information to the stakeholders, and to create the third party to generate more interaction and cooperative relationship among the stakeholders, Thus, it can be said that the employment of social network analysis is worth being employed in the study of conflict management in national parks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.179-187
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• 2009

This study develops a real-time signal control algorithm based on sectional travel times and includes a field test and evaluation. The objective function of the signal control algorithm is the equalization of delay of traffic movements, and the main process is calculating dissolved time of the queue and delay using the sectional travel time and detection time of individual vehicles. Then this algorithm calculates the delay variation and a targeted red time and calculates the length of the cycle and phase. A progression factor from the US HCM was applied as a method to consider the effect of coordinating the delay calculation, and this algorithm uses the average delay and detection time of probe vehicles, which were collected during the accumulated cycle for a stabile signal control. As a result of the field test and evaluation through the application of the traffic signal control algorithm on four consecutive intersections at 400m intervals, reduction of delay and an equalization effect of delay against TOD control were confirmed using the standard deviation of delay by traffic movements. This study was conducted to develop a real-time traffic signal control algorithm based on sectional travel time, using general-purpose traffic information detectors. With the current practice of disseminating ubiquitous technology, the aim of this study was a fundamental change of the traffic signal control method.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.459-469
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• 2010

This study is to develop a grid-based daily runoff model considering seasonal vegetation canopy condition. The model simulates the temporal and spatial variation of runoff components (surface, interflow, and baseflow), evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture contents of each grid element. The model is composed of three main modules of runoff, ET, and soil moisture. The total runoff was simulated by using soil water storage capacity of the day, and was allocated by introducing recession curves of each runoff component. The ET was calculated by Penman-Monteith method considering MODIS leaf area index (LAI). The daily soil moisture was routed by soil water balance equation. The model was evaluated for 930 $km^2$ Yongdam watershed. The model uses 1 km spatial data on landuse, soil, boundary, MODIS LAI. The daily weather data was built using IDW method (2000-2008). Model calibration was carried out to compare with the observed streamflow at the watershed outlet. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.78~0.93. The watershed soil moisture was sensitive to precipitation and soil texture, consequently affected the streamflow, and the evapotranspiration responded to landuse type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.78-80
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• 2021

This study is based on Degree of Recognition and AHP surveys for experts, this study investigates changes in the demand of seafarers in response to changes in the shipping industry environment in which Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships(MASS) emerge according to the application of the fourth industrial revolution technology to ships, and it looks into changes in seafarers' skills. It also analyzes and proposes a plan for cultivating seafarers accordingly. As a result of Degree of Recognition and AHP analysis, it is analyzed that a new training system is required because the current training and education system may cover the job competencies of emergency response, caution and danger navigation, general sailing, cargo handling, seaworthiness maintenance, emergency response, and ship maintenance and management, but jobs such as remote control, monitoring diagnosis, device management capability, and big data analysis require competency for unmanned and shore based control.By evaluating the importance of change factors in the duties of seafarers in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships, this study provides information on seafarers educational institutions response strategies for nurturing seafarers and prioritization of resource allocation, etc. The importance of factors was compared and evaluated to suggest changes in the duties of seafarers and methods of nurturing seafarers according to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.It is expected that this study is meaningful as it systematically derived the duties and competency factors of seafarers of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships from a practical point of view and analyzed the perception level of each relevant expert to diagnose expert-level responses to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-175
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• 2017

As social data become into the spotlight, mainstream web search engines provide data indicate how many people searched specific keyword: Web Search Traffic data. Web search traffic information is collection of each crowd that search for specific keyword. In a various area, web search traffic can be used as one of useful variables that represent the attention of common users on specific interests. A lot of studies uses web search traffic data to nowcast or forecast social phenomenon such as epidemic prediction, consumer pattern analysis, product life cycle, financial invest modeling and so on. Also web search traffic data have begun to be applied to predict tourist inbound. Proper demand prediction is needed because tourism is high value-added industry as increasing employment and foreign exchange. Among those tourists, especially Chinese tourists: Youke is continuously growing nowadays, Youke has been largest tourist inbound of Korea tourism for many years and tourism profits per one Youke as well. It is important that research into proper demand prediction approaches of Youke in both public and private sector. Accurate tourism demands prediction is important to efficient decision making in a limited resource. This study suggests improved model that reflects latest issue of society by presented the attention from group of individual. Trip abroad is generally high-involvement activity so that potential tourists likely deep into searching for information about their own trip. Web search traffic data presents tourists' attention in the process of preparation their journey instantaneous and dynamic way. So that this study attempted select key words that potential Chinese tourists likely searched out internet. Baidu-Chinese biggest web search engine that share over 80%- provides users with accessing to web search traffic data. Qualitative interview with potential tourists helps us to understand the information search behavior before a trip and identify the keywords for this study. Selected key words of web search traffic are categorized by how much directly related to "Korean Tourism" in a three levels. Classifying categories helps to find out which keyword can explain Youke inbound demands from close one to far one as distance of category. Web search traffic data of each key words gathered by web crawler developed to crawling web search data onto Baidu Index. Using automatically gathered variable data, linear model is designed by multiple regression analysis for suitable for operational application of decision and policy making because of easiness to explanation about variables' effective relationship. After regression linear models have composed, comparing with model composed traditional variables and model additional input web search traffic data variables to traditional model has conducted by significance and R squared. after comparing performance of models, final model is composed. Final regression model has improved explanation and advantage of real-time immediacy and convenience than traditional model. Furthermore, this study demonstrates system intuitively visualized to general use -Youke Mining solution has several functions of tourist decision making including embed final regression model. Youke Mining solution has algorithm based on data science and well-designed simple interface. In the end this research suggests three significant meanings on theoretical, practical and political aspects. Theoretically, Youke Mining system and the model in this research are the first step on the Youke inbound prediction using interactive and instant variable: web search traffic information represents tourists' attention while prepare their trip. Baidu web search traffic data has more than 80% of web search engine market. Practically, Baidu data could represent attention of the potential tourists who prepare their own tour as real-time. Finally, in political way, designed Chinese tourist demands prediction model based on web search traffic can be used to tourism decision making for efficient managing of resource and optimizing opportunity for successful policy.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2007

Attempts were made to define the elements of debates, impact of decisions of the Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-sharing(ABS) of the Conference of the Parties(COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) In Korea. Providing policy suggestions to cope with ABS, a cross-cutting issue of the meetings of the COP, was also undertaken. Meetings concerning ABS deal with several key matters such as an international regime, which is a legally binding implementation tool of the Bonn Guidelines, an international certificate of genetic resources' origin/source/legal provenance, and disclosure of origin of genetic resources, compliance measures with prior informed consent of the Contracting Parties providing such resources and with mutually agreed terms on which access was granted. Developing countries, rich in biodiversity and genetic resources, use the CBD as a major tool to maximize their national profits. They demand for national sovereign rights for the genetic resources and indigenous communities providing associated traditional knowledge. At the meetings of the COP, in addition, they requested that developed countries should transfer technologies and provide a financial mechanism for resource conservation to them. On the contrary, the developed countries argue that facilitating access to genetic resources is essential for scientific research and development, and that both Intellectual Property Rights and biotechnology using genetic resources should be protected to maximize their national benefits. Decisions of the COP concerning the Bonn Guidelines and compliance measures with ABS will affect on various socioeconomic fields of Korea, a country which is short of genetic resources. Especially, the importation of genetic resources and land development which might damage genetic resources will be limited seriously. Consequently, overall expenses will increase for the securing genetic resources from the foreign countries and developing biotechnology for conservation and sustainable uses of genetic resources. To minimize the adverse impacts, we endeavor to establish our clear standpoint and to lead the international trends, which are favorable for us. In order to achieve these objectives, government needs i) to proceed researches to lead the international ABS debates actively and to prepare the expected decisions of the future meetings of the COP, ii) to establish a national implementation plan to cope with the ABS and its related decisions, iii) to examine and improve the efficiencies of the national implementation plan with a proper monitoring system, and iv) cope with the other international meetings including the meetings of Trade Related Intellectual Properly Rights and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture actively.