• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.33-43
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the transformation and characteristics of the Verse-Chorus form. The musical form of a musical song is a structural mechanism for expression to effectively convey the dramatic situation of the characters to the audience. This study identified four types of representative forms that can be used to explore the transformation with the verse-chorus form and examined their characteristics. First is the Verse-Chorus form which repeats the description of simple situations and characters in the early stage of the musical. Second is the Verse-Bridge-Verse form which is used to evoke the atmosphere and escape boredom through a slight transformation of the bridge while explaining a simple character. Third is the Verse-Prechorus-Chorus form, which sits just before the chorus, connects the verse and the chorus, and promotes the emotional rise of the characters by smoothing the drama and the harmonic progression. Lastly, this study examined the expanded Verse-BG dialogue-Chorus form used to represent the situation in which conflicts about the complex feelings of the characters and the decisions about them coexist. As such, musical songs use various types of verse-chorus forms. Through the formality and transformation of the verse-chorus, the logic of the music and the logic of the drama are balanced so that the development of the music and the drama does not enter the state of imbalance. Based on this study, further progressive research can take place on the correlation between musical form and dramatic structure, beyond the transformation of musical song form.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2022

Nutrition dictates nearly all biological processes and determines Darwinian fitness in all living organisms, including insects. Research on insect nutrition has a long history in the field of insect physiology and the importance of understanding insect nutrition has become increasingly apparent with the growing need for producing insects as food and feed. Nevertheless, it is only in recent years that we have witnessed a major breakthrough in our knowledge of insect nutrition. The multivariate, interactive, and dynamic nature of nutrition has long hampered our complete understanding of insect nutrition. However, the challenge posed by such nutritional complexity has been overcome with the advent of the Nutritional Geometry, which is an integrative and multidimensional framework that enabled us to model complex interactions between multiple nutrients. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and principles of the Nutritional Geometry and describe how this innovative framework has revolutionized the field of insect nutrition and has placed nutrition in the centre of the interface between physiology, ecology, and evolution. We close this review by discussing potentially fertile research areas that can benefit tremendously from the application of this powerful nutritional paradigm in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1980

혈액질환(血液疾患), 특히 용혈성빈혈(溶血性貧血)을 수반(隨伴)한 경우(境遇)에 적혈구(赤血球)의 생성(生成), 파괴과정(破壞過程)을 정확히 파악하는 것은 빈혈(貧血)의 발생기전(發生機轉) 및 병인(病因), 치료(治療), 예후(豫後) 결정(決定)에 매우 중요(重要)하다. 적혈수명측정법(赤血壽命測定法)은 최근(最近) 방사성(放射性)동위원소(同位元素)를 이용(利用)한 방법(方法)이 소개된 이래 널리 시행(施行)되어 왔다. 그러나 그 방법(方法) 및 결과(結果) 해석(解釋)에 표준화(標準化)가 되어 있지 않았던 중 1971년 ICSH (International Committee for Standardization in Hematology)에서 expert panel을 갖고 ICSH 추천 방법(方法)을 발표(發表)하였고, 본지(本誌)에서도 그 내용(內容)을 게재(揭載)한 바 있다. 1980년 ICSH는 전문기관 및 전문가의 협조(協調)를 얻어 다시 expert panal을 갖은 후 1971년에 추진한 적혈구수명측정법(赤血球壽命測定法)의 일부(一部)를 수정(修正)하여 ICSH의 표준방법(標準方法)으로 발표(發表)하였다. 개정(改正)된 표준방법(標準方法)과 1971년 ICSH추친 방법(方法)과의 차이(差異)는 다음과 같다. $^{51}Cr$표지방법중(標識方法中) 참고방법(參考方法)(Reference method)인 ACD법(法)에 수정(修正)을 가하여, ACD solution 구성성분(構成成分)이 차이(差異)가 있으며, 표지(標識)$^{51}Cr$의 양(量)을 체중당(體重當) $1.5{\mu}Ci$에서 $0.5{\mu}Ci$로 제한(制限)시켰다. 투여방법(投與方法)에 대한 언급 특히 투여하는 표지적혈구(標識赤血球)의 용적을 정확하게 측정 하기 위한 방법 4가지를 추가하였고, 검체준비(檢體準備) 과정중(過程中)의 pipet error를 방지(防止)하기위해 일정(一定)한 형태의 pipet을 사용(使用)하며, 1ml의 tuterculin syringe는 사용(使用)하지 않기로 하였다. 또한 결과분석시(結果分析時) 혈구용적(血球容積)의 항정성(恒定性)을 위해 Sodium pertectnetate($^{99m}Tc$)를 이용(利用)해 혈구용적(血球容積)을 반복(反復)해 측정(測定)하도록 하였으며 이때 사용(使用)하는 방사성동위원소(放射性同位元素)는 $^{32}P$ 대신 $^{99m}Tc$로 하였다. 결과해석시(結果解釋時) IgG 항체(抗體) 또는 IgM 항체(抗體)에 따른 차이점(差異點)에 대한 고려가 추가(追加)되었다. ICSH와 국제혈액학회(國際血液學會)에서 수정(修正)된 ICSH 표준방법(標準方法)에 의한 적혈수명측정법(赤血壽命測定法)을 널리 소개(紹介)하여 결과(結果)의 표준화(標準化)를 기하고자 연관잡지(聯관(關)雜誌)에 게재(揭載)할 것을 요청(要請)하였기에 전문(全文)을 본지(本誌)에 소개(紹介)하고자 한다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2022

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, infests the hot pepper cultivated in greenhouses and has been considered to be controlled by a natural enemy, Orius laevigatus. However, sporadic outbreaks of the thrips due to fast population growth occasionally need chemical insecticide treatments. This study was designed to develop an optimal integrated pest management (IPM) by using selective insecticides along with a safe re-introduction technique of the natural enemy after the chemical insecticide treatment. First, chemical insecticides were screened to select the high toxic commercial products against F. occidentalis. Five insecticides containing active components (pyriproxyfen+spinetoram, abamectin, spinosad, acetamiprid, and chlorpyrifos) were selected among 17 commercial products. These five selected insecticides gave different toxic properties to the natural enemy, O. laevigatus. Especially, abamectin and spinetoram gave relatively low toxicity to the natural enemy compared to organophosphate or neonicotinoid. Furthermore, the five selected insecticides were assessed in their residual toxicities against O. laevigatus. Organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides showed relatively longer residual toxicity compared to abamectin and spinosads. Indeed, abamectin or spinetoram did not give any significant toxicity to O. laevigatus after 3 days post-treatment. These residual effects were further supported by the assessment of the chemical residue analysis of the insecticides using LC-MS/MS. These results suggest an IPM technology: (1) chemical treatment of abamectin or spinetoram against sporadic outbreaks of F. occidentalis infesting hot pepper and (2) re-introduction of O. laevigatus to the crops after 3 days post-treatment to depress the equilibrium density below an economic injury level.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.163-182
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• 2009

The BSC(Balanced Scorecard), a strategic performance evaluation system, has drawn attention as an innovative tool for improving an organization's performance. Recently, the Korean government has recognized the advantages of the BSC and encouraged public enterprises to implement the BSC. However, it has been pointed out that many public enterprises have faced difficulties in constructing and operating the BSC due to lack of clear understanding, a complex environment of performance evaluation, and inherent features of organizational culture. Therefore, this study analyzed a project case of a public enterprise, Korea Southern Power (KSP), which has ever been assessed as an excellent organization in implementing BSC and managing performance. This paper provides procedures, activities, resources (manpower and time), and decision-making issues and criteria required for implementing BSC, along with real project outcomes of the company. Such project details are expected to be used as helpful guidelines for public or non-profit organizations's BSC implementation. Furthermore, the KSP's efforts to cope with its problems and implications derived from the efforts are also expected to help other organizations construct and operate the BSC effectively.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.22-34
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• 2023

Predicting accurately the construction cost budget in the early stages of construction projects is crucial to support the client's decision-making and achieve the objectives of the construction project. This holds true for public construction projects as well. However, the current methods for predicting construction cost budgets in the early stages of public construction projects are not sophisticated enough in terms of accuracy and reliability, indicating a need for improvement. The objective of this study is to develop a construction cost budget prediction model that can be utilized in the early stages of public building projects using an artificial neural network (ANN). In this study, an artificial neural network model was developed using the SPSS Statistics program and the data provided by the Public Procurement Service. The level of construction cost budget prediction was analyzed, and the accuracy of the model was validated through additional testing. The validation results demonstrated that the developed artificial neural network model exhibited an error range for estimates that can be utilized in the early stages of projects, indicating the potential to predict construction cost budgets more accurately by incorporating various project conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.267-280
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• 2023

With development of computing and communications technologies, IoT environments based on high-speed networks have been extending rapidly. Especially, from home to an office or a factory, applications of IoT devices with sensing environment and performing computations are increasing. Unfortunately, IoT devices which have limited hardware resources can be vulnerable to cyber attacks. Hence, there is a concern that an IoT botnet can give rise to information leakage as a national cyber security crisis arising from abuse as a malicious waypoint or propagation through connected networks. In order to response in advance from unknown cyber threats in IoT networks, in this paper, We firstly define four types of We firstly define four types of characteristics by analyzing darknet traffic accessed from an IoT botnet. Using the characteristic, a suspicious IP address is filtered quickly. Secondly, the filtered address is identified by Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) or Open Source INTelligence (OSINT) in terms of an unknown suspicious host. The identified IP address is finally fingerprinted to determine whether the IP is a malicious host or not. To verify a validation of the proposed method, we apply to a Darknet on real-world SOC. As a result, about 1,000 hosts who are detected and blocked preemptively by the proposed method are confirmed as real IoT botnets.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

Though the stability analysis of soil slopes widely employs the limit equilibrium method, the study on the jointed rock slopes must consider the direction of joint and the characteristics of Joint at the same time. This study analyzes the result of the change in the factors which show the characteristics of discontinuity and the shape factor of rock slopes, and so on, in an attempt to validate the propriety as to the interpretation of jointed rock slope stability which uses the general finite element program. First, the difference depending on the flow rules was compared, and the factor effect study was conducted. The selected independent variables included the direction of joint which displays the mechanical characteristics of discontinuity, adhesive cohesion, friction angle, the inclination and height of rock slope which reveal the shape of slope and surcharge load. And the horizontal displacement was numerically interpreted at the 1/3 point below the slope, a dependent variable, to compare the relative degree of factor effects. The findings of study on factor effects led to the validation that the result of horizontal displacement for each factor satisfied various engineering characteristics, making it possible to be applied to stability interpretation of jointed rock slope. A modelling is possible, which considers the application of the result of real geotechnical surveys & laboratory studies and the non-linear characteristics when designing the rock slope. In addition, the stress change which may result from the natural disaster, such as precipitation, and the construction, can be expressed. Furthermore, as the complicated rock condition and the ground supporting effect can be considered through FEM, it is considered to be very useful in making an engineering decision on the cut-slope, reinforcement and so on.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

Various electronic warfare situations drive the need to develop an integrated electronic warfare simulator that can perform electronic warfare modeling and simulation on radar threats. In this paper, we analyze the components of a simulation system to reversely model the radar threats that emit electromagnetic signals based on the parameters of the electronic information, and propose a method to gradually maintain the reverse extrapolation model of RF threats. In the experiment, we will evaluate the effectiveness of the incremental model update and also assess the integration method of reverse extrapolation models. The individual model of RF threats are constructed by using decision tree, naive Bayesian classifier, artificial neural network, and clustering algorithms through Euclidean distance and cosine similarity measurement, respectively. Experimental results show that the accuracy of reverse extrapolation models improves, while the size of the threat sample increases. In addition, we use voting, weighted voting, and the Dempster-Shafer algorithm to integrate the results of the five different models of RF threats. As a result, the final decision of reverse extrapolation through the Dempster-Shafer algorithm shows the best performance in its accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2020

금강하구와 같이 막힌 대형 하구는 근본적으로 복잡한 물리화학적 프로세스와 다양한 이해당사자간의 갈등 때문에 단편적인 접근으로는 관리의 한계가 있을 수밖에 없는 환경이다. 더욱이 하굿둑의 갑문을 열어 하구순환을 복원하는 해수유통 사업은 그 자체가 가지는 환경적 효용성의 확인과 기존 용수이용 체계의 전면적 변화와 관련된 상당한 비용이 요구된다는 면에서 특별한 논란이 되어왔다. 본 연구는 해수유통으로 인한 금강 하구해역의 수리, 수질, 퇴적 및 생태 등 다양한 환경적 변화를 집중적인 현장 조사 및 통합 모델링을 통해 정량적으로 예측하고 이를 지역 이해당사자 논의 체계인 금강하구해역정책협의회에 제공함으로써 해수유통과 연관된 이해당사자 간 갈등을 완화하고 과학적 자료에 근거한 정책결정을 지원하기 위해 수행되었다(과학-정책의 통합). 조사연구는 하굿둑 갑문 개방에 따른 다양한 시나리오별로 해수유통으로 인한 영향을 하구해역(하굿둑의 바다 쪽 해역)과 하구호(하굿둑의 하천 쪽 담수역)에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다(하천-하구호-연안해역의 공간적 통합). 시나리오는 하구해역정책협의회의 요구사항을 반영하여 개발되었고, 시나리오별 영향파악은 수리(조석 및 파랑 포함), 퇴적물 이동 및 수질은 Delft3D모델을, 유역으로부터의 유량 및 오염물질 부하량은 분포형 비점모델인 STREAM을, 김양식과 이매패류 생산량을 추정하는 생태모델은 통계기반의 포인트 모델을 통해 이루어졌다(수리-퇴적-수질-생태계 모델의 통합). 시나리오 분석결과, 상시 해수유통을 제외한 대부분의 하굿둑 부분 개방 시나리오에서는 하구해역에 미치는 영향이 제한적으로 나타나는 것으로 예측되었다. 이는 하굿둑 부분 개방에 따른 담수방류량 및 이에 대응하는 해수의 유동패턴이 현재와 크게 달라지지 않음을 반영한다. 반면 하구호에 대한 영향은 하구해역에 비해 하굿둑 갑문 운영시나리오에 따라 상대적으로 민감하게 변화되는 것으로 예측되었다. 갑문의 부분 개방을 통해 하구호의 수위를 현재 대비 5cm~50cm 변화시켰을 때 1psu 염분의 저층에서의 침투거리는 하굿둑 상류 6km~18km 정도로 예측되었고 갑문 개방에 의해 염분 침투 거리의 조절이 가능할 것으로 나타났다. 단, 사용된 통합모델은 수년간의 검보정 과정을 반복적으로 수행하여 예측의 정확도를 지속적으로 개선하였지만, 모델운영 자체의 불확실성을 고려할 때 실제 해수유통을 위해서는 시범개방을 통해 모델 예측의 결과를 확인할 필요가 있다.