• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.358-361
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• 1996

공정계획은 숙련된 작업자의 경험의 경험과 지식에 의해서 작성된다. 이러한 과정을 컴퓨터를 활용하여 자동화함으로써 공정계획을 수립하는 시간은 물론 이와 연관된 설계변경, 설비선정, 견적, 재고관리 등 반복적인 업무의 스피드와 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있으며, 비숙련자라도 쉽게 공정을 파악하고 최선의 공정계획을 수립할 수 있다. 자동차 외판제조용 대형 프레스 금형을 대상으로 자동화된 공정계획 시스템을 구현하기 위해 비공식 또는 공식으로 일어나고 있는 공정에 관한 지식을 수집, 분석하여 금형의 패턴과 형구, 부품, 사양으로 분류하여 표준화하였고, 이를 기반으로 공정계획을 컴퓨터가 자동으로 생성할 수 있도록 공정에 관한 Knowledge를 Relational Data Model로 표현하였다. 자동공정계획 시스템은 단계별 Tree 방식으로서, 각 단계마다 시스템이 제공하는 질의에 대해 설계자 또는 공정계획자가 설계도면을 참고하여 이에 대응하면 해당 금형에 대한 적합한 공정계획과 작업공수가 제시되도록 설계 개발되었다.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.223
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• pp.75-78
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• 2009

전통적으로 주요 EPC(설계, 구매, 시공) 공사는 최초의 엔지니어링 작업(FEED : Front End Engineering Design)을 한 후, 경쟁입찰을 하여 총액계약(Lamp Sum)으로 공사를 수행했다. 최근에 EPC시공자의 위험부담을 줄이는 한편, 발주자는 경쟁적인 시공자를 확보할 수 있는 기회를 확대하면서 협상기간을 단축하교 조기착공을 위해, Lump Sum 가격을 늦게 결정하는 방법을 고려한다. CLST(Converted Lump Sum Turnkey)계약방식은 최초의 엔지니어링 작업을 한 후 경쟁입찰을 통해 1차 계약을 맺고(설계 및 특별 자재 공급에 대한) 공사를 수행하다 설계가 충분히 진행되고 핵심자재에 대한 견적이 입수되어 발주 가능한 시점 및 하도급사를 선정할 준비가 된 시점에서 1차 계약을 변경해 2차 계약을 맺는다. 2차 계약 시 1차 시 맺은 계약조건(직접공사비, 일반관리비 및 이윤, 최대한도 금액이 포함됨)을 기준으로 하되, 발주자가 Open Book 형식으로 공사비를 평가하고 재협상하여 Lump Sum 금액으로 전환해 합의한다. 이후 Lump Sum Tumkey 계약과 동일한 형식으로 공사를 수행한다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

High-rise buildings need thorough cost management because of large size and high risk. Cost management makes a budget by establishing and analyzing detail element at planning phase, needs cost control as each design phase, then reflected to next design. This research develops a schematic estimation model based on vertical and horizontal elements at design phase for structure cost of high-rise buildings to reduce error range and use data as design management. Usability of the model is confirmed by case study. The estimation model is expected to contribute to making the cost model more effective and satisfactory to concerned in construction or budget department and manage keeping track of the cost.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.677-684
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• 2008

The paper provides an approximate cost estimating model that can be used for tunnel. Based on the previous study analyzed critical factors that have impact on tunnel construction cost, this paper establishes a cost variance index table that reflects the cost impacts due to the change of the critical cost factors. An estimating procedure is described utilizing the index table. For the verification of the suggested model, the comparison of the estimated construction cost with real project cost is performed. The estimated results range from 95%~111% of the real project costs. As an approximate tunnel cost estimating model, the model can be utilized to quickly estimate tunnel construction costs based on the conceptual information at the planning stage and to efficiently make a decision on design alternatives.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.23-41
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• 2023

The seller and the buyer write down the agreed details in the trade contract as trade contract clauses. In the case where a letter of credit is agreed to be the payment condition, the buyer shall open a letter of credit to the seller with the shipping date specified in the trade contract through its bank. In this case, the legal relationship between the performance date of the trade contract and the shipment date of the letter of credit, the change of the performance date of the trade contract due to the change of the trade contract and the change of the shipment date specified in the letter of credit, the seller's letter of credit A problem arises in the legal interpretation of the approval period and the change request period. Therefore, this paper analyzed the precedents of the Seongnam Branch of the Suwon District Court and the Seoul High Court related to these legal issues. The performance date of a trade contract is the seller's delivery date and the buyer's payment date. In the letter of credit transaction, the date of performance of the trade contract is regarded as the date of shipment and the date of negotiation of documents specified in the letter of credit. The seller must decide whether to accept the letter of credit within 5 banking days after receiving the letter of credit from the buyer. After this period has elapsed, the seller cannot refuse the letter of credit. However, if the buyer is unable to decide whether to accept the letter of credit within 5 banking days due to reasons attributable to the buyer, the delivery date specified in the letter of credit will be extended. If the seller requests an amendment to the letter of credit, the buyer must accept it and open the letter of credit the seller desires to the seller. If the buyer refuses the seller's request to change the letter of credit, company A has the obligation to change and reopen the letter of credit as requested by company B. Expect by agreeing on the quotation As it is a fundamental breach of contract stipulated in Article 25 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, company B can cancel the trade contract and claim damages from company A. Compensation for damages caused by Company A's breach of the trade contract shall be an amount equal to the loss suffered by Company B as a result of the breach, including loss of profits.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.621-631
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• 2018

The repair and maintenance cost of domestic public rental housing is an issue of considerable interest and growing financial concern. This paper suggests a quantity-based model as an alternative method for predicting costs, instead of the conventional model which is based on actual cost data. Furthermore, this paper provides a forecast of the repair costs incurred each year during the multi family house's maintenance phase (40 years). The recently changed the long-term repair plan and quality-improved interior materials were considered into the research. In order to estimate the cost of maintenance work, 5 sample apartments were selected and analyzed. The repair and maintenance cost from the case studies was converted to cost per household and per floor area for general use. On the other hand, the net present value method was applied to reflect the effect of time. We expect that the results will help to establish expenditure plans that are more effective for public rental housing in the maintenance stage.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2015

Domestic dominant method in subcontract cost estimate for comprehensive program management is estimation by referencing similar cases or relying on the experience and expertise of the engaged. However, this method is not reliable due to lack of accuracy, making it harder for clients to plan and budget the program. Since budget itself is roughly estimated, it becomes a source of cost rise in the course of management due to design modifications. Therefore, the client and service providers shall calculate more accurate service cost by applying objective and scientific method in order to minimize cost rise and cost related dispute. Traditional cases, in estimating program management cost, took Top-Down approach based on precedents and experience. On the contrary, this study will categorize management structure into phases and activities, issue WBS for each phase to estimated schedule and cost for each code, and take Bottom-UP approach. By taking this approach named ICEP (Integrated Cost Estimate based on Project), Set project typical model will be developed for service cost estimating, calculate cost by applying project-specific factors. Also, by analyzing progress data and allocated management cost to complement them, more efficient construction management will take shape based on program management cost standards which reflect project-specific features.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.52-62
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to propose an automated algorithm for precise cutting length of slab rebar complying with regulations such as anchorage length, standard hooks, and lapping length. This algorithm aims to improve the traditional manual quantity take-off process typically outsourced by external contractors. By providing accurate rebar quantity data at BBS(Bar Bending Schedule) level from the bidding phase, uncertainty in quantity take-off can be eliminated and reliance on out-sourcing reduced. In addition, the algorithm allows for early determination of precise quantities, enabling construction firms to preapre competitive and optimized bids, leading to increased profit margins during contract negotiations. The proposed algorithm not only streamlines redundant tasks across various processes, including estimating, budgeting, and BBS generation but also offers flexibility in handling post-contract structural drawing changes. In particular, the proposed algorithm, when combined with BIM, can solve the technical problems of using BIM in the early phases of construction, and the algorithm's formulas and shape codes that built as REVIT-based family files, can help saving time and manpower.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2024

The size of the home interior market is growing rapidly as interest in interiors and self-interiors has increased due to the recent rapid increase in single-person households. Most of the Bathroom remodeling is done by requesting an offline interior contractor and then visually checking it in the final completion stage, so it is not easy to re-construct even if the customer is dissatisfied. Therefore, this study developed an immersive virtual reality-based Bathroom self-remodeling system that can visually check space and design from the design stage to the final stage by incorporating VR technology to feel realistic in virtual reality. The bathroom structure may select the basic structure of the predefined bathroom space or freely set the size of the bathroom space. For furniture items, you can choose the washbasin, toilet, bathtub, shower booth that are essential elements of the bathroom and others(mounting rack, trash bin, handle). The tile texture may change the texture of the selected tile at a desired wall position by selecting various textures. In particular,, the texture of the wall tile can be varied by selecting horizontal, vertical and inclined directions at the desired angle according to the needs of the user and the contractor. As a future research project, this system will enable indoor sharing between users who are physically far away in real-time, allowing direct experience in virtual spaces, connection to purchases, and request estimates.