• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 2016

Korean management agency and production's size is bigger than ever applying diversification strategy since the Korean Wave started in 2000. Thus, the cross-ownership between two sectors is widespread and it's side effect such as unfair trading occurred among them. Came up with this problem, this study has focused on the analysis of the cross-ownership status of the entire Korean listed agencies and productions and the quest of the alternatives to solve the problem through in-depth interviews of the stakeholders and experts. Results showed that the horizontal regulation and American regulatory systems should be applied considering the previous law because the cross-ownership level was so high. In conclusion, it was proposed three regulatory models as follows : first, accept the cross-ownership and prohibit casting their contracted actors in their art, second, ban on the cross-ownership and allow mutual investment within a 10 to 20 percent stake, third, blanket ban on the cross-ownership and investment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of postoperative radiotherapy in a case of perihilar cholagiocarcinoma by analyzing overall survival rate, patterns of failure, prognostic factors for overall survival, and toxicity. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and March 2008, 38 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent a surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. The median patient age was 59 years (range, 28 to 72 years), which included 23 men and 15 women. The extent of surgery was complete resection in 9 patients, microscopically positive margins in 25 patients, and a subtotal resection in 4 patients. The tumor bed and regional lymphatics initially received 45 Gy or 50 Gy, but was subsequently boosted to a total dose of 59.4 Gy or 60 Gy in incompletely resected patients. The median radiotherapy dose was 59.4 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy was administered in 30 patients. The median follow-up period was 14 months (range, 6 to 45 months). Results: The 3-year overall survival and 3-year progression free survival rates were 30% and 8%, respectively. The median survival time was 28 months. A multivariate analysis showed that differentiation was the only significant factor for overall survival. The 3-year overall survival was 34% in R0 patients and 20% in R1 patients. No statistically significant differences in survival were found between the 2 groups (p=0.3067). The first site of failure was local in 18 patients (47%). No patient experienced grade 3 or higher acute toxicity and duodenal bleeding developed in 2 patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that adjuvant RT might be a significant factor in patients with a positive margin following a radical resection. However, there was still a high locoregional recurrence rate following surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Further study is necessary to enhance the effect of the adjuvant radiotherapy.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.79
• /
• pp.7-39
• /
• 2016

Journalism and Mass Communication as an academic field is believed more politicized one than pure literature and natural science. With the growth of the media, there follows additional opportunities for media scholars to take a part in politics as well. Few attention was given to understand the status and mechanism of political intervention either as advisers or decision makers though. This study attempts thus to fill this vacuum. For this, first of all, it examines a various types of laws related to media politics. Total number of 164 scholars who participated in 12 councils and commissions were analyzed on the following step. Research shows that there are patterns which favor Seoul National University, U.S. trained Ph. D and geographic preference to the capital. Neither academic excellence nor commitment to public interest appear to have impact on taking those positions. Taking into account media's expansion into politics, it is inevitable for media scholars to take responsibility not only in policy making but in taking leadership. Accordingly, the question of necessity is not who but how as much as manner. The authors hope this study will be a valuable opportunity to establish a kind of ethical standards in media politics.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2008

Objectives : Antidepressants are prescribed by not only psychiatrists but also general practitioners. However, patients' negative attitude and stigma against antidepressants are major obstacles to prescribe antidepressants in nonpsychiatric outpatient departments. We, therefore, examined patients' attitude toward antidepressant in medical and surgical group outpatient in Korea. Methods : Short item questionnaire was applied to medical group and surgical group outpatients who consented to this survey in a Korean university hospital. 100 medical and 100 surgical outpatients were surveyed. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic information, previous recognition of antidepressant, and general attitude toward attidepressants. Results : Of the 212 recipients, exclusive of erroneous and missing ones, we analyzed 200 recipients. 1) We found negative attitude toward antidepressants among both medical and surgical outpatients. 2) Medical group outpatients are answered more' antidepressants cause physically ill. 3) The persons who didn't take previously antidepressants showed more negative attitudes. 4) The most reason why they refuse to take antidepressants is concerns of side effects of antidepressants. Conclusion : There are highly negative attitude toward antidepressants between medical and surgical group outpatients. Study findings suggest the need for an active education on antidepressants to nonpsychiatric outpatients to maximize their therapeutic effect and compliance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.301-307
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare echocardiographic parameters of cloned beagle dogs with the previously reported reference range. Seven cloned dogs were assessed for anatomical features and cardiac function through left- and right-sided heart and right ventricle outflow tract from M-mode, 2D-mode, pulsed wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging. In all the cloned dogs, there were no abnormalities in anatomical structure and measurements were within the normal reference range. In addition, left- and right-sided myocardial function was within the normal reference range. Especially, pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure frequently encountered in cloned animals were not recognized in cloned dogs. In conclusion, no evidence of cardiovascular dysfunction in mature cloned dogs could be identified either at birth or the growing stage in this study. Therefore, serious adverse effects of somatic cell nuclear transfer technology including transgenesis on cardiac morphology and function were not found in cloned dogs.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 2024

Melanin is a natural pigment found in most plants and animals, and it is involved in determining the color of the skin and hair. Melanogenesis is a reactive occurrence in melanocytes aiming to protect the skin from external stimuli, such as ultraviolet rays. Tyrosine is involved in the biosynthesis of the substrate tyrosine into melanin. However, melanin overproduction can lead to skin diseases, such as melasma, blotching, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer. Although many studies have been conducted on whitening substances, such as kojic acid and arbutin, some countries have banned or refrained from using them due to their side effects. Therefore, this study assessed the potential of horseradish (HR) as a new whitening agent in cosmetic products. For efficient extraction, subcritical water extraction was conducted. The results showed that the horseradish subcritical water 200℃ (SW 200) extract showed high DPPH radical scavenging ability, total phenolic contents (TPC), inhibiting tyrosinase activity and inhibiting melanin production of B16-F10 melanoma cell lines. To investigate its cytotoxicity to the B16-F10 melanoma cell lines, MTT reduction assay and morphological changes were observed. No cytotoxicity was found in horseradish methanol extract and SW 200. In conclusion, this research suggests the possibility of horseradish subcritical water may be useful as a natural whitening ingredient to be used in cosmetic products.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2024

The endotoxin test is based on the reaction between Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we sought to identify factors that interfere with the LAL testing of radiopharmaceuticals and evaluated acceptable ranges. A gel-clot LAL test and a chromogenic LAL test were used as endotoxin tests. We compared the performances of the Endosafe^Ⓡ LAL and recombinant Endosafe^Ⓡ Recombinant Cascade Reagent (rCR) cartridges for the chromogenic test. The factors that interfered with ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC injection were pH, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, and organic solvents, especially ethanol. However, interference by these factors was overcome by diluting the ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC injection tenfold. In addition, no interference was observed at pH values between 4 and 8, at a HEPES concentration of 2,000 ㎍/mL, or an ethanol concentration of <1%. Furthermore, results showed that interfering factors had similar effects on the performances of the Endosafe^Ⓡ LAL and Endosafe^Ⓡ rCR cartridges. The results of this study are expected to be useful for evaluating factors that interfere with the endotoxin testing of new radiopharmaceuticals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.907-914
• /
• 1996

To enhance the shelf-life and quality of baechu kimchi, the effects of CSP(crab shell powder) addition to kimchi was investigated. Overall qualities were deteriorated by fish odor, chewiness of particles, sharp pH increase at the early fermentation stage; therefore in order to solve these problems kimchi fermentation was carried out with kimchi containing 1, 3, 5% CSPB for salted baech weight at $10^{\circ}C$ for 300ays. Quality of kimchi was evalutated by the measurement of pH, acidity, colour L, a, and b value, the number of microbe and lactic acid bacteria, texture. Ten highly trained panelists were involved in the sensory evaluation. During the entire fermentation periods, pH, hardness, colour L, a and b value, the number of lactic acid bacteria of kimchi with CSPB were higher than those of control, but acidity was lower. Sensory quality showed that sour taste of control at 15-day fermentation was already strong. However, sour taste, crispness taste, and overall taste of kimchi with CSPB untill 20-day fermentation were good. Especially, overall taste of kimchi containing 3% CSPB at 30-day fermentation was good, but that of kimchi containing 5% showed fish odor from the early periods of fermentation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.164-170
• /
• 2006

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: This study identified the result of postoperative radiation therapy and the prognostic factors to affect survival rates in cancer patients. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: One hundred and thirty three patients with cervical cancer who were treated with postoperative radiation therapy following surgery at our institution between June 1985 and November 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred and thirteen patients had stage IB disease, and 20 patients had stage IIA disease. Histological examination revealed 118 squamous cell carcinoma patients and 15 adenocarcinoma patients. Sixty seven patients were noted to have stromal invasion greater than 10 mm, and 45 patients were noted to have stromal Invasion 10 mm or less. Positive lymphovascular invasion was found in 24 patients, and positive pelvic lymph nodes were noted in 39 patients. Positive vaginal resection margin was documented in 8 patients. All of the patients were treated with external beam radiation therapy to encompass whole pelvis and primary surgical tumor bed. Intracavitary radiation therapy was added to 19 patients who had positive or close surgical margins. $\underline{Results}$: Actuarial overall and disease-free survival rates for entire group of the patients were 88% and 84% at 5 years, respectively. Five-year disease-free survival rates for patients with stromal invasion greater than 10 mm and 10 mm or less were 76% and 97%, respectively (p<0.05). Also there was a significantly lower survival in patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes compared with patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes (p<0.05). However, lymphovascular invasion, positive vaginal resection margins were not statistically significant prognostic factors. Addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or type of surgery did not affect disease-free survival. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Postoperative radiation therapy appears to achieve satisfactory local control with limited morbidity in cervical cancer patients with high pathologic risk factors. Distant metastasis was a dominant failure pattern to affect survival in cervical cancer patients after radical surgery and radiation and more effective systemic treatment should be investigated in these high-risk patients.