• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.157-168
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• 2015

The difficulty of the game is closely related to the fun of the game. However, it is not easy to determine the appropriate level of difficulty of the game. In most cases, human playtesting is required. But even so, it is still hard to quantitatively evaluate difficulty of the game. Thus, if we perform quantitative evaluation of the difficulty automatically it will be very helpful in game developments. In this paper, we use a path finding algorithm to evaluate difficulty of exploration in a game level. Exploration is a basic attribute in common video games and it represents the overall difficulty of the game level. We also optimize the proposed evaluation algorithm by using previous exploration histories when available area in an game level is dynamically expanded and the new search is required.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2019

In this note, we propose a game system to fairly and transparently control and update game variables using blockchain. As an example, we present an Ethereum-based maze escape game, being the first blockchain-based maze game and the first attempt to control game level through blockchain. In this system, the level function computes maze level reflecting the amount of maze walls purchased/sold by users. Using blockchain for game management saves human and economic resources and prevents unfair practice of game developers unilaterally manipulating game level or item enhancement rate.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.2471-2474
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• 2002

인터넷 사용자의 증가와 더불어 온라인 게임 사용자가 늘어나고 있으며 이러한 온라인 게임 사용자의 관심을 끌기 위한 여러 종류 게임들이 생겨나고 있다. 그 중에서도 온라인 퀴즈 게임은 네티즌을 끌어들이기 용이하게 구성된 솔루션으로 평가되어진다. 또한 퀴즈게임은 온라인 게임 장점을 가장 잘 반영하고 있는 게임이라고 해도 과언은 아닐 것이다. 현재 대부분의 퀴즈 출제 방법처럼 난이도의 변화를 고려하지 않는 단순히 반복적이고 랜덤하게 문제를 제출하는 것은 퀴즈게임의 흥미를 잃어버리게 하는 요인이 된다. 이러한 단점을 보안하는 사용자 수준과 난이도에 맞는 문제를 온라인에서 제공하는 시스템을 필요로 한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 현재상태 따라 그 문제에 대한 난이도를 예측할 수 있는 난이도 예측 기반 적응형 퀴즈 서버의 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

This paper proposes a automatic generation method of Match-3 game levels through genetic algorithm. It takes a lot of time and effort if persons have to control the level in the game. In this paper, the genetic algorithm is applied to create an appropriate block combination. We create block combination from integer DNA. Fitness is high if success probability played by computer is closer to given probability. Experiments have shown that computer-determined levels of difficulty have a significant impact on the results of game played persons.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2015

Providing various levels of difficulty of game play is one of important considerations in game development. In this paper, we propose a method for obtaining the challenges that will be placed on the track of an one-player car driving game. Herein challenges denote obstacles on the track, and the level of difficulty is represented by an estimated time needed for driving one lap of the track. In the proposed method, the problem for finding challenge placement is modeled as an IP(Integer Programming) one, and then LP relaxation and Simultaneous Annealing are employed to find a solution. To the experiment with the proposed method, we can obtain challenge placements to approximately meet given target driving times. Also, after practically driving on the track where those obtained challenges are being placed, it is seen that the average driving times approximate the target driving times of those challenge placements. Our method can allow game play with various levels of difficulty so that the users' interest and the level of immerse are expected to be raised.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

In action games such as shooting games or platform games, dodging enemy objects is crucial since the player character dies or loses energy when it collides with any enemy object. In this paper, we investigates how the difficulty of these games changes according to the existence of salient objects. Since salient objects attract the player's attention, other non-salient objects may be unattended by the player, resulting in failing to dodge them. We experimented on the influence of salient objects on the difficulty of a game, and found out that the subjects who played the game without salient objects performed better than the subjects who played the game with salient objects. This paper investigates a human perceptual issue that could affect the game difficulty and suggest a potential guideline for game design and planning.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-129
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• 2011

In this paper, we will introduce some method about retrieving suitable images to game or adjusting game difficulty in enjoying some contents like mini-game. It will use the technology about extracting color and texture features in content-based image retrieval in image processing. So in card game, it select card image automatically. And by controlling seed image number, we can adjusting game difficulty. Through the experiment, it shows that our image retrieval method can retrieve more useful images that can be used in game than others.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.491-498
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• 2005

기능점수 방법은 소프트웨어 비용산정을 위한 규모산정에서 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 게임콘텐츠에서는 이를 이용하지 못하고 있다. ISO/IEC FDIS 19761(final draft)[8]에서는 게임콘텐츠에서 FP를 이용하지 말 것을 권고하고 있다. 이에 게임요소점수방식을 고안하였으나, 이 방식에서 쓰이는 게임요소의 가중치가 분명치 않은 부분이 있어 여기서 이 부분을 다루어 그 내용을 명확히 하였다. 게임요소에 대한 정의를 하여보고, 이중 그 의미가 불명확한 미션에 대하여 다소 세부적으로 다루었으며, 이들 게임요소의 가중치를 산정할 난이도에 대하여 검토한다. 난이도는 규모산정의 중요요소이므로 게임요소에 대한 명확한 난이도의 구분이 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.309-310
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• 2019

매치3 퍼즐 게임은 모바일 게임에서 많이 출시되고 있으며 많은 사람들이 즐기고 있는 장르이다. 또한 유사한 규칙과 형태를 가진 게임들이 지속적으로 출시 예정에 있다. 본 논문에서는 매치3 퍼즐 게임이 많은 레벨로 구성되어 있는 점에 비추어 매치3 퍼즐 게임의 레벨 난이도를 측정할 수 있는 방법에 대해서 후속 연구의 방향성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2011

Level design is one of the important factors in tower defense game development. The difficulty of tower defense game depends on its wave design. In general, it requires a lot of manual labor to generate well-balanced waves with fun. In this paper, we propose a new automated wave generation system by using a genetic algorithm. With our system, a game designer can easily generate an optimized wave by designating the difficulty level in the initial stage of game design. Our system can be useful in reducing the trial-errors in the initial level design process of tower defense game development.