• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2009

This study proposes an experimental formula for cumulative runoff analysis in building roof for on-site rainwater management. We can not find an appropriate method for roof runoff analysis because of its small area scale. A new runoff equation formula for rainfall depth(D) and cumulative runoff volume(V) is developed on roof runoff conditions. Reliability of the formula is verified with field experimental runoff monitoring for two years in two buildings of rainwater management system. This experimental runoff formula can root the cumulative runoff volume from roof area and rainfall depth, then develop reasonable inflow condition for rainwater retention tank design.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

The roof surface of spatial structures is often damaged or destroyed because of its light weight roof structure and materials. Many of large scale stadiums have roof structure framed with steel truss or stay cable and wrapped or covered with membrane material Teflon, and this membrane material is easily damaged and its loss is quite serious. Through such examples, it was found that the studies on wind proof design of roofs of large space structures were not sufficiently made. This study conducted wind pressure experiment and fluid analysis in order to examine the aerodynamic characteristic of the roof shape of hyperbolic paraboloid spatial structures. Although the biggest minimum peak wind pressure coefficient was shown in the edges of the roof in the wind origin direction, it decreases with the advancement to the longitudinal direction of the roof.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.32-51
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• 2021

Architectural evidence of Gaya is insignificant than any other area. In this situation, house-shaped earthenware is particularly helpful in the study of Gaya architecture. However, house-shaped earthenware is not a building, it has just the shape of buildings. So, we have to find out architectural evidence from that. In this paper, I tried to estimate the architectural characteristics of Gaya through house-shaped earthenware in detail. I also consulted historical records, archeological results, and other scholars' papers. The results are as follows. First, house-shaped earthenware can be classified into three types according to its shape, and each type has distinct architectural structural characteristics. Second, house-shaped earthenware generally has a gambrel roof, and the characteristic of architectural design with the gable side of the gambrel roof as a front is the biggest feature of Gaya architecture. Third, various types of buildings existed according to their functions in Gaya architecture, and house-shaped earthenware was showed buildings of ancient storage, pens, and residences, which are symbols of the richness among various types of buildings.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2011

현대 건축은 기능적이고 합리적이었지만 획일적이었던 박스형 건축에서 탈피해 형태와 공간에 있어서 다양한 변화를 시도하고 있다. 특별한 건축물의 실현을 위해 각 나라의 기술력은 급속한 발전을 이루었고, 보다 더 독특한 건축물에 대한 관심은 비정형 건축물에 대한 관심의 증대로 이어지고 있다. 이러한 비정형 건축물에 적합한 구조로써 프리폼(Free-Form) 구조가 있다. 프리폼 구조로 입체골조(Double Layered Structure)를 많이 사용하였으나, 최근 유리로 되어 투명하고 기하학적 모양의 건축물을 추구함에 따라 평면골조(Single Layered Structure)가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 평면골조는 축력 지배형과 모멘트 지배형으로 분류할 수 있고 프리폼 구조의 구성 요소 중 가장 취약하고 중요한 부분은 노드이다. 본 연구에서는 프리폼 구조 중 가장 큰 관심이 고조되고 있는 평면골조 모멘트 지배형의 노드에 대한 국내외 기술 분석을 통해 향후 연구 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 입체골조는 하나의 노드에 여러개의 부재가 3차원으로 결합되어야 하기 때문에 다른 골조 시스템에 비해 노드부가 복잡하지만, 건축물의 외관을 유리로 하여 투명하게 하고 비틀리고 구부러진 구조물에 대한 건축적 요구가 많아짐에 따라 평면골조의 인기가 높아지고 있다. 이러한 시대의 흐름에 발맞추어 건물의 구조적, 기하학적 요구를 충족시키기 위해 다양한 노드 시스템이 개발 중이며, 가해지는 하중의 특성에 따라 축력 지배형과 모멘트 지배형으로 구분하여 노드의 양상을 분류할 수 있다. 축력 지배형의 대표적인 시스템은 다이아그리드(Diagrid)이다. 축력 지배형 프리폼 구조의 노드는 전체 구조물의 하중을 축력으로 받아 모두 전달해야 하기 때문에 크기가 크고 가새가 2~4개층에 걸쳐서 설치되기 때문에 중량이다. 모멘트 지배형 노드를 갖는 프리폼 구조의 형태는 대부분 지붕 구조로써 지붕 자체의 하중만을 견디도록 설계된다. 따라서 노드부와 노드에 붙는 부재들이 가볍기 때문에 사람이 들 수 있고 노드의 크기가 작아 시공성이 좋으며 대량 생산이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 노드의 형태는 힘의 흐름과 쓰임에 따라 다양하다. 평면골조 모멘트 지배형의 노드는 접합방식에 따라 Splice node connection과 End-Face node connection 두 가지로 분류할 수 있다. Splice node connection은 각 부재의 종축으로 노드와 구조부재 사이에 이음재를 두어 연결하고, 연결 형태에 따라 전단력을 전달할 수 있는 1~2개의 접촉면이 생긴다. 전단응력을 받는 볼트로 이음재를 이어 조립하거나 용접으로 접합할 수 있다. 대표 노드로, SBP-1, SBP-2와 POLO-1 등이 있다. End-Face node connection은 각 연결된 부재의 단부와 노드 사이의 연결면은 종축방향의 수직이고, 인장응력을 받는 볼트를 사용하거나 용접에 의해 접합할 수 있다. 대표 노드로 SBP-4, WABI-1, MERO-1(Cylinder), MERO-2(Block), MERO-4(Double Dish) 등이 있다. 본 기술 현황 분석을 통해 현재 개발된 노드를 분류하고 가장 관심이 높은 Single Layer 모멘트 지배형 노드를 비교, 분석하였다. 최근 건물의 경향을 반영한 프리폼 구조를 실현하기 위해서 필수적인 노드의 개발은 국외에서 활발히 연구되고 있지만 그 기술이 개방되어 있지 않다. 국내에서는 동대문 디자인 플라자에 새로운 노드를 적용하고 고려대학교에서 모멘트 지배형 노드를 개발하는 등 발전 가능성을 보이고 있지만 국외 사례들에 비하면 아직 초기 단계라 할 수 있다. 따라서 현장 용접을 지양하고 공장 제작하여 현장에서 조립하며, 프로젝트 별로 상이한 노드를 사용하는 것이 아닌 다양한 요구를 효과적으로 수용하는 구조 효율성을 향상시킨 노드 상세의 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.22-47
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• 2014

This study was to understand the basic principles of the East Asian wooden structure system research and analysis. The Korea and China ancient architecture internal structure research that the combination of girders and crossbeams position. The ancient wooden structures of eastern Asian countries, Korea and China are not much different from each other in the principles of the wooden architecture structure, combining pillars, purlins and crossbeams. However, it seems that age-division, local-division, national-division differs in detail techniques. China ancient wooden structures combination of purlin and crossbeam, and So-seul Timber(Chinese name: Chashou叉手, Tuojiao 托脚) seems to show differences according to the age of the fulcrum position, detailed approach is also different according to various historical dynasty. Before in the 15th century, Purlin and Crossbeam are coupled to each other, but since the 15th century, seems to have developed a technique combined with each other Girder and Crossbeam and to prevent buckling of the Crossbeam cross-sectional area increased dramatically. For Tuojiao in China Tang-Wudai dynasty(A.D. 618~979), can see that saw the top position Girder and Tuojiao no direct coupling, can be seen as maintaining the safety of the material than the material of the inner wooden structures prevent buckling of the purlin. Korea ancient wooden structures of Goryeo dynasty(A.D. 918~1391), So-seul Timber(Chinese name Tuojiao) why do not to use the fashion? To use Purlin Lower backing material techniques to prevent buckling is a popular trend to stable can be thought of as a preferred way to maintain. I think that with universality beyond the local-division, national-division and the two countries since the 15th century of Korea and China ancient wooden structures detailed mechanism for the purlin buckling. In middle-late Chosen dynasty, The effect of Deotgeolyi- techniques and fleeting beams reduce the purlin buckling that reduces the load transmitted from purlin and crossbeam of how to reduce the load on the roof portion of the architecture fleeting beams used, which of craftsmanship of the Chosen Dynasty building can be referred to as another technique for preventing buckling purlin. This Korea and China ancient architecture purlin beam structure and material So-seul Timber study. Seems to be able to provide a basic research study to restore and designed the old wooden architectures.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.118-135
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• 2022

The primary purpose of this study is to estimate the structure of Byeongpungsadaseok (屛風莎臺石) and Nanganseok (欄干石) in Geonwonneung (建元陵) and Heonneung (獻陵), which were built in the early of 15th century, based on the Annals of King Sejong. In addition, the ultimate purpose of this study is to reveal structural changes and their significance by comparing the differences with the contents of the dismantlement survey. Geonwonneung, Jereung(齊陵), and Heonneung were repaired at the same time in 1442, and the structural changes were the similar. The purpose of the repair in 1442 was to prevent water from flowing into the underground palace with smooth drainage. As a result of estimating the structure of Geonwonneung and Heonneung according to the records of the Annals of King Sejong, it was created in a very similar form to the Hyeonneung and Jeongneung of Goryeo. And it was clearly recognized that the Royal Tomb of Goryeo was followed. However, as the structure was improved in 1442, the unique characteristics of the Royal Tomb of the Joseon Dynasty were formed. First is the appearance of the Bokbuhyeong lime (覆釜形石灰, which is a convex roof on the Byeongpungsadaseok that serves to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the burial mound. It also plays a role in connecting and fixing the Manseok (滿石) and the Inseok (引石), which are the upper structures of the Sadaseok (莎臺石). Second, the Bakseok (薄石) between the nanganseok and the sadaseok has been transformed into the Sangseok (裳石) with a slope. This plays a role in protecting the inner stone chamber by expanding the length of the bakseok, which forms an overall slope, like the eaves of the roof. After both of these features were first attempted in 1442, they were applied to all Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty and became unique features of these Royal Tombs.