• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2011

On the view point of renewable energies as energy sources of district heating and cooling plant, the purpose of this study is to develop, classify and map the 500m${\times}$500m mesh, of which is treated as normal size in DHC regulations for evaluation process. Followings are the results. Various building and geographical informations including 13 districts and 108 counties are re-defined to create 500m${\times}$500m meshes, and it is find out that 3,289 meshes among 8,463 meshes have meaningful floor areas. Only 59 meshes(1.8%) are evaluated as mesh which has more than 50% of building volume ratio per mesh. 5 clusters classified by principal analysis and cluster analysis with building needs' characteristics are defined. Gwang-an Dong is representative of cluster 1 characterized as commercial area, and the cluster 4, 5 which has mainly residential needs are distributed in Yong-ho dong. Because there are a lot of cluster 3 meshes, which has complex needs area based on residential, cluster 3 could be defined as representative of Busan metropolitan city.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.391-418
• /
• 1983

Urea and ammonium sulfate without and with sulfur group, respectively, were compared with respect to their nutritive effects on the rice plants, Suweon 264 and Jinheung, under the nursery trial on the protected upland and lowland seedbed, the pot trials with their various combination ratios and with added sodium sulfate to urea and the trials on the paddy fields which have undergone urea and ammonium sulfate application for many years. The rice seedlings fertilized with ammonium sulfate surpassed those with urea in growth performance and nutrients absorption of the rice seedlings at nursery period. Such stimulating effect of ammonium sulfate on the growth and nutrients uptake was more remarkable under the upland nursery than under the lowland one. The pot trial with the various combination ratios of urea and ammonium sulfate revealed that the chlorophyll content in leaf blade increased with the increment of sulfate ratio in the combination and the sole application of urea caused the chlorosis of leaf which was more conspicuous in Suweon 264 than in Jinheung. Fertilized with the same active ingradient amount of nitrogen, the rice plants supplied with ammonium sulfate surpassed those with urea in the chlorophyll content consistently under the nursery, the pot and the paddy field trials. The photosynthesis of flag leaf at heading stage increased with the combination rate of ammonium sulfate in the pot trial. The sulfur applicated as supplementary element of nitrogen in the nursery, the pot and the field trials were observed to be in positive relationship to the nitrogen and potassium content, but to be in negative correlation to the calcium content. The sulfur content in the rice plants was higher at early growth stage and decreased with the advance in growth stage. The nitrogen content also showed a similiar tendency to the sulfur content, and the N/S ratio was higher at early growth stage than at later one. The N/S ratio was negatively correlated with the chlorophyll content. In the field experiment, ammonium sulfate surpassed urea in the number of productive tiller, dry matter production and unhulled rice yields, but much stimulating effect of ammonium sulfate on the grain production was shown to be less effective than that on the straw production. The nitrogen and major nutrients content in the rice straw at harvest were higher in the paddy field with long-term ammonium sulfate application than in that with long-term urea application, suggesting that the former might have greater potentiality in nutrients supply than the latter.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.57-57
• /
• 2018

관상용, 식용 및 약용으로도 이용되는 석죽목 석죽과의 여러해살이풀인 오랑캐장구채는 국내에서는 중부 이북지방의 유용 자생식물로 조경산업에의 이용가치가 크나, 이용성 증대 등을 위한 재배기술은 미흡하다. 지피식물용 재배조건의 구축을 위하여 2017년 7월 31일부터 10월 9일까지 약 10주간 본 연구를 수행하였다. 실험재료로 종자에서 육묘한 유묘를 사용하였으며, 유묘의 소질, 이식조건 및 재배관리에 대한 생육의 영향을 조사하였다. 유묘의 소질로는 162구 트레이에서 cell당 4립씩 파종하여 육묘된 유묘가 초장 및 건물중이 높았고, 특히 4립 파종구는 마디수를 제외한 생육량이 다른 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 큰 차이가 있었다. 경제성을 고려할 때, 상토는 혼합비료(N-P-K) $300-200-200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$가 첨가된 마사토:피트모스(3:1) 혼용토를 충진한 처리구가 효과적이었다. 또한, 코트비료의 기비처리는 포트당 20알 처리구에서 지하부 생체중이 무거웠으나, 엽면적 등 다른 생육량을 고려할 때 기비하지 않은 처리가 효과적이다. 재배관리에 있어서 차광처리는 습기 등의 환경에 약한 유묘의 특성상 차광하지 않고 배치하는 것이 모든 생육량이 높았다. 이식 후에는 추비처리를 하는 것이 효과적이며, 추비농도는 엽수 등을 고려할 때 $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ hyponex이 적합하였다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.283-304
• /
• 2022

This study aims to increase understanding of current status and changes of academic libraries in South Korea in comparison with those of academic libraries in North America and United Kingdom (UK). The five-year statistics of academic libraries were collected from Korea Education and Research Information Service (KERIS), Association of Research Libraries (ARL), and Society of College, National and University Libraries (SCONUL), and the authors compared the statistical indicators that are comparable to each other. The circumstance and performance of academic libraries in North America were much better than those of South Korea. In addition, the area of library buildings in South Korea was larger than those in UK, and they also had more books and carrels than UK libraries; however, UK libraries had more library staffs, expenditure on material purchase, and interlibrary loan requests. These findings imply that there should be more support on academic libraries in South Korea to increase library staffs and budget, which will invigorate library services and use.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2020

Coastal ferry routes are very important because they connect the mainland to islands, offer transportation for islanders, and bring tourism to islands. In particular, the recent increase in national income, prevalence of a culture that emphasizes work-life balance, and introduction of the five-day workweek have stoked interest in travel as a leisure pursuit, and demand for tourism from Korean people in islands has increased. As the number of passengers using coastal passenger terminals increases due to changes in the coastal tourism environment, the importance and need for coastal passenger terminal facilities and services is growing. Under these circumstances, it is necessary for the management organizations of coastal passenger terminals to manage and efficiently operate the terminals in such a way that budgets can be reasonably implemented and the convenience of passengers using the terminals is enhanced. This study primarily analyzed the management efficiency of coastal passenger terminals in terms of profitability and public interest using data envelopment analysis. The eight passenger terminals achieved low management efficiency in terms of profitability. These terminals should improve profitability by increasing income from terminal office rental and ancillary businesses and revenue from terminal fees by boosting island tourism and expanding overseas passenger transportation. The eight terminals with low management efficiency for public interest should increase the number of passengers by promoting island tourism, developing tour packages to Japan and China's coastal areas, developing new routes, and introducing super-high-speed ships.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.577-586
• /
• 2018

In Korea, sustainability is mandatory in every field. University campuses are educational facilities that consume considerable amounts of energy. Therefore, many universities have tried to take advantage of the last opportunity to prepare students with sustainability and leadership. This study compared the green campus policy and evaluation criteria among Korea, US AASHE, UNEP, and ISCN-GULF to vitalize the green campus movement and suggest recent research data for the Korea green campus accreditation. The results are as follows: 1. new evaluation criteria need to be added to the certified green building total floor area ratio instead of adapting the G-SEED system in the Campus Resource & Environments category; 2. Korean Green Campus Evaluations need to be improved when expressing the campus individuality by choosing an increased number of credits and criteria; and 3. new evaluation criteria are required to secure the result, feedback, and products from curriculum updates in the Campus Education category.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 1997

지난 20여년간의 비약적 경제 성장을 통하여 우리 사회는 모든 물리적 측면에서 양적인 성장과 질적인 발전을 거듭하여 왔다. 이러한 경제 성장기를 거치면서 우리의 삶은 다각도에서 변화를 겪었으며 건축환경에도 많은 변화가 있었다. 정보화, 세계화라는 시대적 흐름은 우리의 생활자체를 급속도로 변화시키고 있으며 업무용 시설을 포함한 모든 건축물이 대형화, 고층화 뿐 아니라 정보화, 현대화되고 있다. 그러나, 교육의 중요성과 이를 뒷받침해 줄 학교 시설의 중요성에도 불구하고 교육환경의 질적 개선은 상대적으로 낙후되어 있는 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 교육개혁위원회의 교육개혁방안이 계속적으로 나오고 있고 서울의 불암초등학교를 필두로 한 시설 현대화 시범학교가 시도별로 마련되고는 있지만 전반적인 교육 환경은 아직 열악한 상태이다. 특히 구도심부에 위치한 초등학교의 경우, 준공된 후 30년 이상 경과된 학교 건물을 사용하고 있는 경우가 적지 않아 안전상의 문제마저 안고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 건물의 내구 연한이 그 한계에 달해 가고 유지보수비용이 계속적으로 늘어 경제성을 잃어 가고 있는 학교들을 대상으로 한 재건축과제가 신설 학교의 신축 또는 기존학교의 이전 못지 않은 주요 과제로 대두되고 있다. 더욱이 기존 학교의 재건축사업은 수업을 진행시켜가며 철거 및 신축공사가 단계적으로 수행돼야 한다는 어려움을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 초등학교의 재건축을 위한 기본적인 자료를 정리하고 배치 및 평면 계획을 중심으로 한 계획 대안을 작성, 검토하여 대안별 장단점을 분석한 후 가장 바람직하다고 평가되는 안을 제시하는 것을 연구의 범위로 하였다. 계획안의 작성에 앞서 실시된 문헌조사 및 실측조사를 통하여, 신축되는 홍파초등학교에 필요한 시설의 내용 및 규모가 산정되었는데 특기할 사항은 좁은 대지임에도 불구하고 가능한 체육관 시설을 포함시키고자 하였다는 것이다. 홍파초등학교 부지는 $8,960m^2$ 정도밖에 안되는 좁은 부지로서 운동장도 제대로 확보할 수 없는 상황이었으나 체육관의 높은 활용도 및 장래의 필요성을 고려하여 소규모라도 계획되는 것이 바람직하다고 판단하였다. 열린교육에의 대응, 제반 특별교실의 확충, 식당 및 지하주차장의 확보 등 모든 시설이 현재 및 장차의 사용에 적합하도록 계획하여 현 시설의 1.5배 정도의 연면적을 갖는 신축 계획안을 작성하였다. 서울대학교와 광운대학교에서 분담하여 실시된 계획안의 작성을 통하여 총 4개의 계획안이 도출되었으며 이 대안들을 채광 및 환기, 학년별 zoning, 기능별 zoning, 열린교실의 정도, 지역사회에의 개방성, 재건축 공사의 용이성, 규모, 옥외공간의 활용성, 동선 계획, 조형성 등 10개 항목을 기준으로 평가하였다. 이러한 비교분석을 통하여 결론적으로 제1안을 최적안으로 제시하게 되었으며, 이를 바탕으로 구체적인 최종 설계안이 도출되기를 기대하는 바이다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 2008

This experiment was carried out to find the growth response and changes of nitrate and soluble sugar content in tomato leaves with salt stress. Tomato (Solanum lycopericum) seedlings were grown under different electrical conductivity (EC) levels adjusted with $CaCl_2$ as 1, 2, and $6dS\;m^{-1}$. The growth response and contents of nitrate and soluble sugar in tomato plants were examined at 7 and 14 days after salt treatment. Leaf area and dry weight ratio of shoot to root of tomato plants were decreased as EC level increased. Photosynthetic rate of leaves was reduced under high EC level due to the stomatal closure and the reduction of transpiration rate. The soluble sugar and starch content were lower in the tomato leaves grown under high EC level. Total nitrogen and nitrate contents were decreased in high EC level, whereas the ammonium content was increased. High-salt stress induced the accumulation of salt crystal in mesophyll cells of tomato leaf.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2012

Based on the Korean Building Standard Law, a building less than 3-stories and $1000m^2$ in area is defined as a small-level building and, as a result, this type of building has been excluded from the requirement to comply with seismic design. In order to prevent the loss of life and property under earthquake loadings, the small-scale building should satisfy the seismic performance specified in the current code through a seismic retrofit. In this study, a seismic retrofit scheme of a Buckling-Restrained Knee Brace (BRKB) was developed for non-seismic 2-story steel buildings, including small-scale buildings, using a fragility contour method. In order to develop an effective retrofit scheme of the BRKB for the building, a total of 75 BRKB analytical models were used to achieve the desired performance levels and analyzed using the fragility contour method. The seismic performance of the retrofitted building was evaluated in terms of the weight of the developed BRKB systems. This study shows that the fragility contour method can be used for rapid evaluation and is an effective tool for structural engineers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 2003

This study evaluated the architectural density of urban district using airborne laser scanning(ALS) that is a method used in urban planning, water resources and disaster prevention with high interest recently. First, digital elevation model(DEM) and digital surface model(DSM) was constructed from Light detection and ranging(LiDAR). For getting the height of building, ZONALMEAN filter was used in DEM and ZONALMAJORITY filter was used in DSM. This study compared the floor from filtering with the floor from survey and got standard error, which is ${\pm}0.199$ floor. Also, through the overlay and statistical analysis of total-area layer and zone layer, we could present floor area ratio by zone. As a result of comparison with floor area ratio between airborne laser scanning data and survey data, the standard error of floor area ratio shows ${\pm}2.68%$. Therefore, we expect that airborne laser scanning data can be a very efficient source to decision makers who set up landuse plan in near future.